小学英语主谓一致专项讲解及训练.doc

1、主谓一致 一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom _（is / are）a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。They often _（plays / play）football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My famil

2、y _（is / are）having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars _（is / are）too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students _（like / likes）playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There _（is / are）a pen and some books on the desk.

3、课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式；复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk _（is / are）Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water _（is / are）in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students _（is / are）playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one student _（has / have）ev

4、er been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。3. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。 Two months _（is / are）a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds _（is / are）not so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。 Ten miles _（is / are）not a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four _（is / are）one. 5减4等于1。 4. 主语是each/ever

5、y+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl _（has / have）got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman _（is / are）at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 5. one and a half + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours _（is / are）enough. 一个半小时足够了。6. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see _（is / are）to beli

6、eve. 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises _（is / are）good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 7. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A student or two _（like / likes）to listen to this new teachers class. 一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。8. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但

7、“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。 Mike with his father _（has / have）been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother, _（enjoy / enjoys）playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher _（was / were）present at the meeting. 开会的时候，学生们和老师都在场。 9. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and

8、所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher _（is / are）coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher _（is / are）coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) A knife and fork _（is / are）on the table. 桌子上放着一副刀叉。10. people, p

9、olice等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here _（is / are）very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family _（is / are）not large. 他家的人不多。 My family all _（like / likes）watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。11. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, e

10、verybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。 _（Is / Are）everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something _（is / are）wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody _（was / were）in. 没有人在家。12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them _（has / have）an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英

11、语词典。 Neither answer _（is / are）correct. 两个答案都不正确。13. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。 No news _（is / are）good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths _（is / are）very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。14. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主

12、语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。 Either my wife or I _（am / is / are）going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else _（know / knows）the answer. Not only you but also he _（is / are）ready to leave. Each of us _（has / have）got a new story book. Neither of the books _（is / are）very in

13、teresting. 15. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A number of students _（is / are）going to visit this place of interest. The number of the students _（is / are）over 800 16以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两

14、个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。 There _（is / are）a book and three pens on the desk. Here _（is / are）some books and paper for you.17. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。 The poor _（is / are）very happy, but the rich _（is / are）sad. The beautiful _（live / lives）forever. 美是永存的。 三、肯定与否定一致 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相

15、应的变化。 Weve had some (money). We havent had _ (money). I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to _. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us. He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived _. Li is coming, too. Li isnt coming, _. Both of us are going. Neither of us are going. He lik

16、es both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意：so / neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。 My wife likes classic music very much and so do I. She doesnt like jazz and neither do I. 主谓一致专项练习题（ ）1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are（ ）2. Two days _enough for me to finish the

17、work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are（ ）3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are（ ）4. Neither Li Ping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are（ ）5. There _ many new words in Lesson On

18、e, but it is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are（ ）6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have（ ）7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are（ ）8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C.

19、was sleeping D. are sleeping（ ）9. Everyone except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was（ ）10. That place is not interesting at all. _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some（ ）11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is（ ）12. Whats on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were（ ）13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be（ ）14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C.