高中定语从句精讲与练习及答案

1、最新资料推荐定语从句1 什么是定语从句？由一个完整的句子充当定语的从句为定语从句。2 特点：和其它类从句比较，除了有引导词（关系词）定语从句有“先行词”。3 什么是先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词 /代词为先行词。4 定语从句的种类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。5 定语从句引导词（关系词）的种类：关系代词和关系副词。例： I work in a school which was built 50 years ago.在此句中 ”school”为先行词， which 来引导定语从句，“which wasbuilt 50 years ago. ”整句话来修饰先行词做定语，所以这是个定语从句。注：

2、定语从句的引导词通常置于先行词之后引导定语从句。（一）代词性引导词和副词性引导词，即关系代词和关系副词。代词性引导词有： that,which,who,whom,whose,as 等，副词性引导词有：when,where,why 等，代词性引导词在定语从句中充当主语/宾语，副词性引导词在定语从句中充当状语。注： what 不能引导定语从句，因为what 从句属于名词性从句。（二）基本用法。1先行词性质不同要使用不同的引导词，先行词指人时，可用that,who,whom 代指， who 与 whom 的区别在于who 是主格，在1最新资料推荐从句中作主语， whom 是宾格，在从句中作宾语，而t

3、hat 作主语/宾语均可。先行词指物时，用that/which 代指，可见， that 既可代指人的先行词，也可代指物的先行词。例： Do you know the man that is standing by the door?此句 that 引导定语从句，代指先行词the man.例： This is the book that I have been looking for .此句 that 引导定语从句，代指先行词the book.例： This is the book which I have been looking for.此句 which 引导定语从句，代指先行词the bo

4、ok.例： Do you know the man who is standing by the door?此句 who 引导定语从句， 代指行行词 the man,作从句的主语。 也可用 that 引导从句，如 ”Do you know the man that is standing bythe door?”例： The lady whom we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown.此句 whom 引导定语从句，代指先行词the lady，在从 句 中 作宾语。也可用that 引导即“ The lady that we saw this morning isMrs.

5、Brown. ”例： As is known to all,China is a large country.As is know to all 是个很常用的表达方式，这也是的定语从句， 只不过它的位置不像别的定语从句在先行词的后面，本句as 代指主句的含义“中国是个大国“。As 是一个特殊的引导词，引导定语从句时为代词。不像其他的2最新资料推荐代词性引导词用来代指一个具体的先行词，as 代指整个主句的含义， which 引导非限定性定语从句时，也有类似的用法。例： He is often late,which makes his teacher angry.此句 which 引导定语从句，代

6、指主句的含义“他经常迟到“，作从句的主语，这时which 引导的就是非限定性定语从句。Which 和 as 的用法相似，但也有区别。（1）which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as 引导的从句在主句前，中，后均可，在主句前居多。（ 2） as 常理解为“正如，正像“而 which 常理解为”这，这事，这点“（ 3） as 常用 的 固 定搭 配有 ， as is often the case,as wasexpected,as often happens,as is known to all,as has beensaid before,as is mentioned above等2副词

7、性引导词。副词性引导词when.where,why.例： I often think of the happy days when I was in France.When 引导定语从句，修饰先行词days 意为“ in the happy days”作从句的时间状语。例： This is the building where my father works.Where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 building ，意为“in the building ”，作从句的地点状语。例： Do you know the reason why he was late.3最新资料推荐Why 引导定语从句，

8、修饰先行词reason 意为“ for the reason”，作从句的原因状语。说明：从以上的例子可以看出，代词性引导词在从句中作主语 / 宾语，副词性引导词在从句中作状语。注：如果引导词在从句中作宾语，则引导词可以省略。(一 )限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的比较。限定性定语从句与先行词的关系密不可分， 不可用逗号分开。 而非限定性定语从句只是到先行词起补充说明作用， 与先行词关系松散，通常用逗号将其分开， 非限定性定语从句不能用 that 代指先行词。例： This is the photo that/which I took.Thefamousbasketballplayer,who

9、triedtomakeacomeback,attracted a lot of attention.（二） that 与 which 的区别。当先行词指物时才需要讨论这个问题。1当先行词为不定代词，如anything,everything,nothing,none,one,all,little,few,much等 ， 或 先 行 词 被all,little,few,much,any,only,theevery,every,no等修饰时，要用that 代指先行词。例： All that is needed is a supply of oil.4最新资料推荐Finally,the thief h

10、anded everyting that he had stolen to thepolice.This is the only problem that remains to be settled.2.先行词是序数词 /最高级形容词时， 或先行词被序数词， 最高级形容词，具有最高级意义的形容词（如last）修饰时，要用that作引导词。例： This is the first/best film that I have seen since I came here.3.先行词同时包括人和物时，要用that 作引导词。例： They often talk about the people an

11、d the things that they likemost.(三 )不能用 that 引导的定语从句。1.在非限定性定语从句中不能用that，而用 who,whom,which 等代指先行词。例： I saw Mary just now,who seemed very excited.2.介词后不能用that。例： This is the person to whom your father spoke just now.3.当先行词是all,any,few,one(s),anyone,everyone,those,people等且指人时，只能用who,不用 that.例： Those w

12、ho are present will have the chance to see the film star.(四 )as 与 which 代指主句的含义。有的定语从句并不修饰一个具体的先行词，而是修饰整个主句，由 which/as 引导，这时which 和 as 都代词性的，代指主句的含5最新资料推荐义，但是用法不同，上文有讲。例 1：_is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A. WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As例 2：_is mentioned above,the number of the stud

13、ents in seniorschool is increasing.A WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It例 3：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to theothers,_,of course,made the others envy him.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which.例 4：He made another wonderful discovery,_of great importance to science.A.which I think isB.which I think it isC.which

14、 I think itD.I think is例 5：The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than wecould expect.A.whatB. whichC.thatD.it.(五 )先行词前有such,so,the same修饰时。这种情况下，定语从句用as 引导， as 代指先行词，在从句在作主语 /宾语。例：1. She is such a kind teacher as we all like.2. She is so kind a teacher as we all like6最新资料推荐3. She is such

15、a kind teacher that we all like her.1 和 2 句均为定语从句， 先行词均为 teacher,分别用了 such a kind teacher和 so kind a teacher 结构，含义是一样的。先行词有 such/so 修饰，要用 as.在这两个句子中， as代指先行词，逻辑语序为 weall like as,as 作宾语。句 3 用了 such that 结构 that 本身没有含义，也不是从句的成分，只是起到引导的作用，从句的主谓宾分别为， we,like,her 。这个问题的解题技巧是看从句是否主谓宾完整，如缺少宾语，必然要用引导词作宾语，选择

16、as,如从句成分完整，选that,组成 such that.结构。例1This is such a difficult problem_none of us can work it out2This is such a difficult problem_none of us can work out3This is a difficult problem_none of us can work out.句 1 是个完整的句子，用 that.句 2 从句中缺少宾语，且 problem 有 such 修饰，故是定语从句，用引导词 as，句 3 从句缺少宾语， 为定语从句，但没有 such,so,

17、thesame修饰，故用that/which 代指先行词。（六）“介词 +收导词”引导定语从句。例 1：This is the faith with which I went back to the south.先行词为 faith ，with which I went back to the south 为定语从句。Which 代指先行词faith, 从句逻辑语序为I went back to the southwith which. 因为 that 不能用在介词后面， 只能用 which 代指先行7最新资料推荐词 faith.例 2:He is the right person with

18、whom we can finish the taks in time.先行词 person,with whom we can finish the task n time 为定语从句。 Whom 代指先行词person,定语从句的逻辑语序为we canfinish the task with whom in time. 同样 that 不能用在介词后， 故只能用 whom 代指先行词作介词的宾语。注： (1)上面的两个定语从句中，如果介词在从句的句中/句末，则可使用 that 作引导词， 即 This is the faith that/which I went backto the sou

19、th with 和 He is the right person whom/that we can finishthe task with in time.(2)因为引导词作介词的宾语，如果介词在从句的句中/句末，引导词可以省略。即 This is the faith I went back to the south with 和 He is the right person we can finish the task with in time.(七 )whose 和 ofwhom/which 引导的定语从句。1.whose 的用法Whose 引导定语从句时，意为“.的”先行词是人/物时可用

20、whose.例 1：George Orwell,_was Eric Arthur,wrote many politicalnovels and essays.A.the real nameB.what his real nameC.his real nameD.whose real name例 2：Look out! Don tget too close to the house_roof is under8最新资料推荐repair.A.whoseB.whichC.of wichD.that2.of which/whom 的用法。除了用 whose 之外，还可用 of 短语引导定语从句，因为

21、whom 指人 which 指物，先行词为人时用 the.of whom ，先行词为物时用 ,the.of which 结构。例 3：George Orwell,_the real name was Eric Arthur,wrote manypolitical novels and essays.A. hisB. whoseC. of whichD.of whom解析：答案为 D 项。些题容易错选 B 项，但是如选 B 项，由逻辑语序 whose the real name was Eric Arthur可知冠词 the 的用法不正确，正确表达方式应为 whose real name, ,故

22、 B 项错误。选择D 项从句的逻辑语序为the real name of whom was EricArthur,whom 代指先行词 George Orwell。 C 项错误，因which 不能代指“人”的先行词。例 4：Look out!Don tget too close to the house_the roof is underrepair.A. whoseB. of whichC. of whomD.which（八） the way 后面的定语从句例：1.I dontlike the way in which you speak to her.2.I dont t like the

23、 way that you speak to her.9最新资料推荐3.I dontlike the way you speak to her.解析：在句1.中， which 代指先行词 the way,定语从句的逻辑语序为 you speak to her in which,意为“你用那种方式和她说话”。因 which 代指 the way,故用 in 和 which 搭配，in which 在从句中为方式状语。根据定语从句的句法规则， in which 引导定语从句作方式状语时， in which 也可使用 that 代替，或者省略引导词，也就是句2和句 3 的表达方式都是正确的。需要注意

24、的是，句2 中的 that并非前文所说的代词性的that 代指先行词的常规用法， 而副词作方式状语，相当于in which.注意：句 2 与句 3 正确的前提是引导词在从中作状语，并非 the way 后的定语从句都是如此。例： You speak to her in the way_I dontlike.解析：先行词为the way,_I dontlike 为定语从句，其逻辑语序应为 I dontlike_，引导词应代指先行词the way,在从句中作宾语，故用that 或 which 都可以。又因为引导词是从句的宾语，因此也可省略，即下面的三种表达方式都是正确的：1. You speak

25、to her in the way which I dontlike.2. You speak to her in the way that I dontlike.3. You speak to her in the way I dontlike.注意：句3 中的省略的是that 或 which, 因为引导词作从句的宾语，而“I dontlike theway you speak to her.”中省略的是in which 或 that,引导词是从句10最新资料推荐的方式状语。区别这两种情况首先应判断引导词在从句中的成分，是从句的宾语还是状语，然后再判断用什么引导词或是否可以省略。例：What

26、 surprised me was not what he said but_he said it.(湖北卷)A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which解析：答案为A 项。句意为“令我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。 ”根据句意可知 the way 前不用 in,可排除 B 项和 C 项。the way 是先行词，he said it 为定语从句，逻辑语序为 he saidit_,引导词为从句的方式状语，可用in which 、that 或省略。 D项的错误在于把引导词误用为从句的宾语。（九） the reas

27、on后的定语从句Reason作先行词后面的定语从句常用why 或 for which 引导。例 1：That wasntthe reason why/for which he lied to you.使用什么引导词还是由引导词在从句中充当的成分决定。例 2：Is this the reason_at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(上海卷 )A. he explainedB. what he explainedC.how he explainedD.why he explained解析：答案 A 项。定语从句的逻辑语序为he expl

28、ained_at themeeting for his carelessness in his work,可见引导词作explain 的宾11最新资料推荐语，应为代词，代指先行词the reason，故用 which 或 that 均可，又因为引导词作从句的宾语，可以省略。若用why 引导从句，些句应改为Is this the reason why he was careless in his work,此时why 为从句的原因状语，当然也可使用for which 代替。（十）分隔定语从句分隔定语从句就是先行词和定语从句之间有其他成分插入的情况也并不罕见，如 A new teacher wil

29、l come tomorrow who will teach you English 一句中，先行词为 teacher,who引导定语从句，先行词与从句之间插入了 will come tomorrow.例 1：The film brought the hours back to me_I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A. untilB. thatC. whenD. where例 2: It was an exciting moment for these football fans thisyear,_for the firs

30、t time in years their team won the World Cup.A. thatB. whileC.whichD.when例 3：It was an exciting moment for these football fans thisyear,_for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.A. in whichB. at which(十一 )that 引导定语从句和引导其他从句的差异引导其他从句时， that 没有具体含义，也不作从句的成分，只是起“引导”的作用，但是that 引导定语从句时作代词

31、，代指先行词，作从句的主语或宾语。例：12最新资料推荐1. I dontbelieve the story_he told me just now.2. I dontbelieve the story_he got lost in the mountain. (十二 )which 引导定语从句和引导其他从句的区别Which 引导定语从句时代指先行词， 因些其含义就是先行词的含义。 Which 引导其他从句时，用其本义“哪个、哪些” 。例 1：I dontknow which I should choose.例 2：The day_you are looking forward to will

32、certainly come.A. in whichB. whenC.whichD.what例 3：His movie won several awards at the film festival,_wasbeyond his wildest dream.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it(十三 )where 的特殊含义Where 引导定语从句通常表示“在某处”之意，但是当condition,case,point 等词意为“状态”，并做先行词时， 可用 where引导定语从句，意为“在某种状态下”，也可用相应的介词搭配which 引导定语从句。例：1. We get t

33、o the point where/at which we believe that nothing will work.2. I find it hard to handle a case where/in which I cantfind right words to express myself.3. Spatic(痉挛 )is a condition where a person loses muscle control.13最新资料推荐定语从句1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. wh

34、ere C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _theChineseCommunistParty wasfounded?A. which B.

35、that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.T

36、his is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.

37、A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the count

38、ry?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.

39、A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him14最新资料推荐19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_theyremembered

40、in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.Inour factorythereare 2,000workers,two thirdsof _arewomen.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. w

41、hom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,_Hangzhouisfamous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C

42、. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and theday _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with whi

43、ch C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He

44、is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used i

45、n your factory a fewdays ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.15最新资料推荐A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38.He is not suc

46、h a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he k

47、new.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. own

48、s; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy madea hole in the wall, _ hecould see_ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what;