五轴联动毕业论文.doc

1摘要五轴联动加工中心有高效率、高精度的特点。若配以五轴联动的高档数控系统，还可以对复杂的空间曲面进行高精度加工，更能够适应像汽车零部件、飞机结构件等现代模具的加工。本文设计了一台五轴联动机床主轴模型，在XY工作台的基础上叠加两层托板，步进电动机带动轴使其做旋转运动，构成类似陀螺仪的结构。分别实现工作台绕XY轴的转动和移动，再沿Z轴装配一根丝杠完成工作台沿Z轴的上下运动最终实现刀具向各个面进行加工。主要完成了：模型整体结构设计，各个轴的结构设计及计算、滚珠丝杠、轴承和直线滚动导轨的选择及其强度分析；步进电机的选择及分析。关键词五轴联动丝杠传动陀螺仪2AbstractFive-axismachiningcenterwithhighefficiencyandprecisioncharacteristics.Ifaccompaniedbyhigh-endCNCfive-axissystem,canalsocarryoutcomplexcurvedsurfaceprecisionmachining,moreabletoadaptasautomotivecomponents,aircraftstructuralpartsandothermodernmoldprocessing.Thispaperdesignedafive-axismachinetoolspindlemodel,basedontheXYtableoverlaytwopallets,steppermotordriveshaftrotationtodosoconstitutesasimilargyrostructure.WereachievedaroundtheXYaxisrotatingtableandmovealongtheZaxisandthencompletethetableassemblyofascrewupanddownmovementalongtheZaxistotheultimaterealizationofthevarioussurfaceprocessingtool.Maincompleted:overallstructuraldesignmodel,eachshaftstructuredesignandcalculation,ballscrews,bearingsandlinearmotionguidethechoiceandstrengthanalysis；steppermotorselectionandanalysis.Keywordsfive-axisgyroscrewdrive3目录摘要·······································································································1Abstract···································································································2第一章绪论····························································································5第二章总体方案的设计··············································································62.1设计任务························································································62.2设计方案的论证···············································································62.2.1传动方式的确定······································································62.2.2陀螺仪机构的设计···································································62.3总体方案的设计及结构组成································································6第三章XY工作台及绕XY旋转工作台的设计····················································83.1XY工作台的设计·············································································83.1.1主要设计参数及依据································································83.1.2XY工作台部件进给系统受力分析·················································83.1.3初步确定XY工作台尺寸及估算重·················································83.2绕XY旋转工作台的设计····································································83.2.1主要设计参数及依据··································································83.2.2绕XY旋转工作台受力分析··························································93.2.3初步选定绕XY旋转工作台的尺寸及重量估计···································93.3沿Z向移动工作部分设计···································································9第四章滚珠丝杠副的选型与计算·································································104.1滚珠丝杠的选型·············································································104.2滚珠丝杠副导程的确定····································································134.3滚珠丝杠副的传动效率····································································14第五章直线滚动导轨的选型······································································155.1定位精度高···················································································155.2降低机床造价并大幅度节约电力··························································155.3可提高机床的运动速度·····································································155.4可长期维持机床的高精度··································································155.5直线滚动导轨副的计算与选型····························································165.5.1滑块承受工作载荷Fmax的计算及导轨型号的选取·····························165.5.2距离额定寿命L的计算·····························································16第六章步进电机的参数与选型·····································································176.1步进电动机的特点··········································································176.2步进电动机的分类··········································································176.2.1反应式步进电动机···································································176.2.2永磁式步进电动机···································································176.2.3混合式步进电动机···································································176.3步进电动机的参数及其选择·······························································186.3.1步距角的选择········································································186.4电动机的转速与功率········································································196.5各参素的确定················································································1946.6初选步进电动机型号········································································206.6.1脉冲当量的选择·····································································206.6.2等效负载转矩的计算································································206.6.3等效转动惯量计算···································································206.6.4步进电动机型号选择的计算·······················································21第七章轴、轴承及联轴器的选用·································································267.1轴的材料······················································································267.1.1轴的分类··············································································267.1.2轴的材料及选择·····································································267.2轴的结构设计··············································································267.2.1轴头、轴颈和轴身···································································267.2.2轴上零件的轴向固定和定位·······················································277.2.3轴的周向固定：·····································································277.2.4减少应力集中的措施································································277.3轴承的选用···················································································287.4联轴器的选用················································································28第八章连接部分····················································································318.1螺纹紧固件的联接画法····································································31致谢·····································································································33参考文献·······························································································34