小型搅拌机设计毕业论文.doc

本科毕业设计说明书（论文）第I页共I页目录1前言·······································································································12总体方案论证···························································································32.1工作原理·························································································32.2结构设计特点··················································································33预加水双轴搅拌机主要技术参数的计算·······················································83.1生产能力的估算···············································································83.2主轴转速n的估算···········································································103.3主轴直径d的估算··········································································103.4搅拌机内物料轴向运动速度kV的估算·················································113.5物料在搅拌机内停留时间的估算························································124电机的选择·····························································································154.1选择电动机类型和结构形式······························································154.2减速机选择····················································································164.3计算传动装置的总传动比并分配各级传动比·······································165传动装置的设计计算与校核······································································185.1V带的设计计算··············································································185.2齿轮的设计计算··············································································215.3轴的设计计算及校核········································································246预加水双轴搅拌机的安装·········································································306.1预加水成球工艺对设备安装的要求····················································306.2双轴搅拌机的安装···········································································306.3电动机的安装·················································································31结论········································································································32致谢········································································································33参考文献···························································································34本科毕业设计说明书（论文）第1页共35页1前言立窑水泥企业的机立窑能否实现优质高产，在一定程度上取决于窑内的锻烧情况，预加水成球技术能改善烧成条件，提高熟料质量。预加水成球是成球技术的一个重大突破，对改善料球质量、减少窑内阻力、提高熟料产量质量、降低烧成热耗等均有明显作用。预加水成球的机理是：将化学成分合格的生料粉与粒径在1mm左右的煤按要求配比被调整定量后，与被控制定量后经离心压力式喷嘴雾化器雾化的、粒径约为100-500的雾化水同时进入搅拌机。使料水在液固运动中得到充分的均化，并在较短的时间内使含水率达到12-14%。经过约55-60s的机械搅拌，使之进一步均化、破团、湿润、渗透。在湿润渗透的过程中，生料粉和水依靠粉体颗粒的表面能和水的表面张力、以及被逐渐激发出来的物料塑料力的综合作用条件下，自由结合为1-2mm粒度的料水团状混合物，即松散的含水料团。这就是搅拌积聚预加工的半成品。随即将此半成品经倾斜下料管滑入装置有回转或往复运动式立刮刀和边刮刀的、具有全盘性成球功能的盘式成球机内。入盘后一经滚动即形成1-2mm粒径的子球。这些子球在盘转速为22.51exp1Dr/min的倾斜、旋转、离心、大抛物运动中，主要依靠物料的塑性粘结力和部分渗出水的表面张力联合作用条件下相互粘连，而真正成为了球的第二个层次。由于筛析效应的作用，当球径停止增长，最后在进料推力的作用被推出盘。全部成球过程大约需要140-180s。盘径小需要成球时间短，盘径大需要成球时间长。预加水成球的工艺流程为：提升机稳流仓料位指示器单（双）管螺旋喂料机冲击式流量计供水管及雾化器双轴搅拌机成球盘；生料在成球盘内制成成品球由皮带输送机送入机械立窑。实现预加水成球技术的关键设备是双轴搅拌机。其作用是将管式螺旋喂料机喂入的生料首先受水、浸润、渗透后，进行混合、搅拌而成为含水率均匀、粒径为1-2mm的子球，供成球机成球用。本课题来源于生产实践。设计该双轴搅拌机有以下几项技术要求：（1）必须结合生产实践；（2）生产能力为Q=20t/h；（3）进出料口的距离为3000mm；（4）叶片回转直径为550mm；本科毕业设计说明书（论文）第2页共35页（5）结构紧凑，工作连续稳定；（6）节能、高效、环保。在胡小秋老师的指导下，首先进行方案论证。通过讨论研究，最终确定了叶片的安装方法：在轴上钻有莫氏锥孔以及铣一方槽，先将叶片焊接在叶片杆上，然后再一起以一定角度焊接在一方垫片上，再将搅拌叶片装入莫氏锥孔中；传动装置整体放置出料口端；传动方式为：电机皮带ZQ减速机十字滑块联轴器直齿轮传动双轴搅拌机；雾化器选用MP型离心压力喷嘴式雾化器。然后根据分析的结果，开始对轴向力、径向力、扭矩以及功率等进行计算。分析拟定传动装置的运动简图，分配各级传动比，进而进行传动零件的结构进行设计和强度校核。然后对双轴搅拌机进行总体结构设计。2J550型预加水双轴搅拌机改变了以往所成料球粒径大，料球耐压强度和孔隙率质量低的缺陷，并且机槽采用型，能防止搅拌死角，这样在维修时可以便于将损坏的轴吊起，省去拆叶片麻烦，检修空间增大，工作量减小，还可缩小两端轴孔直径，便于密封防漏。本课题新颖实用，在技术上有较大改进，具有较强的竞争力，并且有很大的市场前景。本科毕业设计说明书（论文）第3页共35页2总体方案论证2.1工作原理双轴搅拌机由两根搅拌轴，轴上按螺旋推进方向安装搅拌叶及搅拌槽组成的搅拌系统，为使原料达到成型的需要，在搅拌机入料端稍后处的上部，设有加水装置，使得物料形成较大的球状块料旋转时两轴的方向由内向外，将物料搅起，靠搅拌叶旋转时的推力(搅拌叶与搅拌轴轴线夹角为10-20度)形成物料流，螺旋向前推进，最后物料经漏料箱进入承接皮带，进入到下台处理设备中。双轴搅拌机结构如图2.1所示。图2.1双轴搅拌机结构示意1轴承座；2出料口；3搅拌叶；4搅拌轴；5搅拌槽；6齿轮座；7联轴器；8减速器；9三角带轮；10驱动电动机2.2结构设计特点从结构上看，双轴搅拌机要较单轴搅拌机复杂，但它磨损小，搅拌质量好，生产率高，双轴搅拌机较之立轴式和单轴式搅拌机，具有明显的优越性。双轴搅拌机优点总结如下:（1）搅拌机外形尺寸小、高度低、布置紧凑，装载运输便利，而且结构合理坚固，工作可靠性好；（2）搅拌机容量大，效率高。与同容量自落式相比，搅拌时间可缩短一半以上，而且物料运动区域位于卸料门上方，卸料时间也比其他机型短，因而生产率高；（3）拌筒直径比同容量立轴式小一半，搅拌轴转速与立轴式基本相同，但叶片线速度要比立轴式小一半，因此叶片和衬板磨损小、使用寿命长，并且物料不易离析；（4）物料运动区域相对集中于两轴之间，物料行程短，挤压作用充分，频次高，因而搅拌质量好。