高楼恒压供水系统控制设计毕业论文.doc

1摘要众所周知，水是生产生活中不可缺少的重要组成部分，在节水节能己成为时代特征的现实条件下，我们这个水资源和电能短缺的国家，长期以来在市政供水、高层建筑供水、工业生产循环供水等方面技术一直比较落后，自动化程度低。主要表现在用水高峰期，水的供给量常常低于需求量，出现水压降低供不应求的现象，而在用水低峰期，水的供给量常常高于需求量，出现水压升高供过于求的情况，此时将会造成能量的浪费，同时有可能导致水管爆破和用水设备的损坏。该设计对环保、节能、自动补压型给水设备坐了介绍。从节能科技的实践出发，阐述了变频调速技术在高楼给水设备的应用。以PLC电路控制方式，介绍了自能水压控制系统的工作原理及PLC控制系统。在分析水压控制的工作流程的基础上，给出了PLC控制系统的硬件和软件设计。智能水压的基本控制策略是：采用电动机调速装置与可编程控制器（PLC）构成控制系统，进行优化控制，完成供水压力的恒定控制，在管网流量变化时达到稳定供水压力和节约电能的目的。系统的控制目标是泵站总管的出水压力，系统设定给水压力值与反馈的总管压力是机制进行比较，其差值输入变频器运算处理后，发出控制指令，控制泵电动机的投运台数和运行变量泵电动机的转速，从而达到给水总管压力稳定在设定的压力值上。关键词：压力传感器、变频器、PLC控制、恒压供水2AbstractItiswellknown,thewaterisproducesinthelifetheessentialimportantconstituent,conservesenergyoneselfinsavingwatertobecomethetimecharacteristicundertheactualcondition,ourthiswaterresourcesandtheelectricalenergyshortcountry,inthemunicipaladministrationwatersupply,thehigh-riseconstructionwatersupply,aspecttechnologiesandsoonindustrialproductionperiodicalfeedingcontinuouslyquitearesincelongagobackward,theautomaticityislow.Mainlydisplaysinthewaterusedpeak,thewatersupplycapacityislowerthanthedemandfrequently,appearsphenomenonwhichthehydraulicpressurereducesfallsshortofdemand,butinthewaterusedtroughtime,thewatersupplycapacityishigherthanthedemandfrequently,appearsthehydraulicpressureascensionsupplyinexcessofdemandthesituation,thistimewillbeabletocreatetheenergythewaste,simultaneouslywillhavethepossibilitytocausethewaterpipedemolitionandthewaterusedequipmentdamage.Thisdesigntotheenvironmentalprotection,theenergyconservation,madeuptheprofilingtosittheintroductionautomaticallytothewaterequipment.Embarkedfromtheenergyconservationscienceandtechnologypractice,elaboratedthefrequencyconversionvelocitymodulationtechnologygavethewaterequipmentinthetallbuildingtheapplication.BythePLCelectriccircuitcontrolmode,introducedfromhasbeenablethehydraulicpressurecontrolsystemprincipleofworkandthePLCcontrolsystem.Intheanalysishydraulicpressurecontrolworkflowfoundation,hasgiventhePLCcontrolsystemhardwareandthesoftwaredesign.Theintelligenthydraulicpressurebasiccontrolstrategyis:Usestheelectricmotorspeederandtheprogrammablecontroller(PLC)constitutioncontrolsystem,carriesontheoptimizedcontrol,completesthewatersupplypressuretheconstantcontrol,whenpipenetworkcurrentcapacitychangeachievedthestablewatersupplypressureandsavestheelectricalenergygoal.Thesystemcontrolgoalisthepumpingstationmainpipewaterleakagepressure,thesystemhypothesisisthemechanismcarriesonthecomparisonforthehydraulicpressurevalueandthefeedbackmainpipepressure,afteritsinterpolationinputfrequencychangeroperationprocessing,sendsoutthecontrolcommand,controlsthepumpelectricmotortothrowtransportstheTaiwannumberandthemovementvariabledisplacementpumpelectricmotorrotationalspeed,thusachievedstabilizesforthewatermainpipepressureinthehypothesisvalueofpressure.Keywords:pressuresensor,inverter,PLCcontrol,theconstantpressurewatersupply3目录第一章绪论········································································································5第二章设计功能及方案论证··················································································62.1设计功能··································································································62.2系统设计方案分析及方案论证·····································································62.2.1系统设计方案论证···········································································62.2.2PLC、变频器控制系统方案分析··························································72.3系统控制方框图························································································9第三章系统硬件选型·························································································103.1PLC可编程控制器部分·············································································103.1.1PLC概述·······················································································103.1.2PLC选型和性能指标·······································································133.1.3PLC的工作原理·············································································153.1.4PLC的基本指令·············································································163.2变频器的概述及选型················································································173.3传感器的介绍及选型················································································203.3.1传感器的定义与组成······································································203.3.2传感器的选型················································································203.4FX0N-3AA/D、D/A转化一体化模块····························································213.4.1概述····························································································213.4.2性能规格······················································································223.5触摸屏显示器·························································································243.5.1触摸屏概述···················································································243.5.2触摸屏的通信················································································243.5.3触摸屏与PLC的通信······································································253.6开关电源································································································253.6.1开关电源的概述············································································253.6.2AC/DC变换····················································································263.6.3开关电源的选用············································································263.7电机的选择····························································································273.7.1三相异步电动机的结构···································································273.7.2三相异步电动机的工作原理····························································273.7.3额定转矩（Mn）············································································283.7.4变频调速······················································································283.8变压器的选择·························································································293.8.1变压器的概述················································································293.8.2变压器的结构及功能······································································293.8.3变压器的选择················································································303.9电气装备附件的选择················································································303.9.1电线电缆选择················································································3043.9.2接触器的选择················································································313.9.3电磁式继电器的选择······································································313.9.4热继电器的选择············································································323.9.5熔断器的选择················································································333.9.6开关的选择···················································································34第四章硬件电路设计·························································································364.1主电路控制电路图···················································································364.2设计功能内容·························································································364.2.1主要设计内容··················································································364.2.2I/O端口分配··················································································374.3控制电路及附属电路设计·········································································384.3.1主电路分析·····················································································384.3.2控制电路分析··················································································404.4恒压供水系统的梯形图············································································414.5恒压供水系统的指令表············································································41第五章软件设计································································································425.1软件设计分析·························································································425.2压力控制部分·························································································435.3机械故障处理部分···················································································44第六章结束语···································································································45致谢····················································································································47参考文献··············································································································48