基于单片机的出租车计价器论文.doc

毕业设计用纸共28页第1页摘要随着生活水平的提高，人们已不再满足于衣食住的享受，出行的舒适已受到越来越多人的关注。于是，出租车行业以低价高质的服务给人们带来了出行的享受。随着出租车行业的发展，出租车已经是城市交通的重要组成部分，但是总存在着买卖纠纷困扰着行业的发展，出租车计价器是乘客与司机双方的交易准则，它是出租车行业发展的重要标志，是出租车中最重要的工具。它关系着交易双方的利益。具有良好性能的计价器无论是对广大出租车司机朋友还是乘客来说都是很必要的。因此，汽车计价器的研究也是十分有应用价值的。而采用模拟电路和数字电路设计的计价器整体电路的规模较大，用到的器件多，造成故障率高，难调试，对于模式的切换需要用到机械开关，机械开关时间久了会造成接触不良，功能不易实现。而采用单片机进行的设计，相对来说功能强大，用较少的硬件和适当的软件相互配合可以很容易的实现设计要求，且灵活性强，可以通过软件编程来完成更多的附加功能，用数码管显示费用。针对计费模式的切换，通过软件编程就可以轻易而举的实现。避免了机械开关带来的不稳定因素。另外在本方案中那个使用了点阵的液晶，可以实现更加友好的使用界面。数据信息一目了然，并且即使是成品也可以方便的修改使用界面，更可根据不同的公司客户使用不同的局面。关键词出租车计价器，AT89S52单片机，控制，数码管毕业设计用纸共28页第2页ABSTRACTWiththeimprovementoflivingstandards,peoplearenolongersatisfiedwiththeenjoymentoffood,clothingandhousing,thecomfortoftravelhasbeenmoreandmorepeopleconcern.Thus,thetaxiindustrytolowcosthighqualityservicestothepeopletheenjoymentofthetrip.Asthetaxiindustry,taxiisthecityanimportantpartoftraffic,butoverallthereisadisputetoplaguethedevelopmentoftheindustryisTaximeterbothpassengersanddriversoftransactionscriteria,itisthetaxiindustryanimportantindicatorofdevelopmentisthetaximostimportanttool.Itrelatestotheinterestsofbothparties.Hasagoodperformanceregardlessofthemeteristhemajorityoftaxidriversorfriendsofpassengersisverynecessary.Therefore,theresearchvehiclemeterisalsoveryvaluable.Theuseofanalogcircuitsanddigitalcircuitdesignthewholecircuitofthemeterofthelarger,multiusedevices,resultinginhighfailurerate,theyaredifficulttodebug,themodeswitchneededmechanicalswitch,mechanicalswitchwillcausealongtimeexposurepoorfunctionisnoteasytoachieve.Carriedoutbytheuseofsinglechipdesigns,relativelypowerful,withlesshardwareandappropriatesoftwarecaneasilycooperatewitheachothertoachievethedesignrequirements,andflexibility,canbeprogrammedthroughsoftwaretocompletethemoreadditionalfunction,thecostofdigitaldisplay.Billingmodelfortheswitch,throughthesoftwareprogrammingandcaneasilygivetherealizationof.Broughtaboutbythemechanicalswitchtoavoidtheinstability.AlsointhisprogramthattheuseofdotmatrixLCD,youcanusetoachieveamorefriendlyinterface.Datainformationataglance,andeventhefinishedproductscanalsobeeasilymodifiedtouseinterface,butalsoaccordingtodifferentcustomersusingdifferentsituation.KeywordsSinglechipAT89S52Taximetercontroldigitaltube毕业设计用纸共28页第3页目录摘要..........................................................................................................................................................................1ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................................................2目录............................................................................................................................................................................3第一章绪论...............................................................................................................................................................4第二章方案设计......................................................................................................................................................52.1功能要求...............................................................................................................................................................52.2方案论证...............................................................................................................................................................52.3显示设计论证......................................................................................................................................................52.4总方案...................................................................................................................................................................6第三章系统硬件的设计.........................................................................................................................................73.1整体电路...............................................................................................................................................................73.2单元电路...............................................................................................................................................................73.2.1AT89S52结构及其功能..............................................................................................................................73.2.2单片机最小系统..............................................................................................................................................93.2.3显示模块电路...............................................................................................................................................103.2.4红外信息采集电路.......................................................................................................................................12第四章系统软件的设计......................................................................................................................................154.1初始化程序........................................................................................................................................................154.2主程序.................................................................................................................................................................15第五章仿真、安装与调试...............................................................................................................................175.1仿真......................................................................................................................................................................175.2安装......................................................................................................................................................................185.3调试......................................................................................................................................................................185.4性能分析.............................................................................................................................................................18结论...........................................................................................................................................................................21参考文献...................................................................................................................................................................22附录A.......................................................................................................................................................................23附录B......................................................................................................................................................................24致谢...........................................................................................................................................................................28毕业设计用纸共28页第4页第一章绪论步入21世纪，出租车已经广泛地出现在我们周围。随着人们生活水平的不断提高，出租车的使用频率也越来越高，出租车行业也以高质量的服务给人们带来了出行的享受。但是由于行业的特殊性，出租车行业总存在着买纠纷，困扰着行业的发展。而在出租车行业中解决这一矛盾的最好方法就是改良计价器，用更加精良的计价器来为乘客提供更加方便快捷的服务。30年前，我国出现了出租车，但是由于当时的经济水平，出租车并没有普遍在我们生活中出现。随着改革开放的深入，出租车行业的发展势头已十分突出。如今出租车在我国的交通运输中承担着重要的角色，出租车计价器是出租车上必不可少的重要仪器，它是负责出租车营运收费的专用智能化仪表。随着城市旅游业的发展，出租车行业已成为城市的窗口，象征着一个城市的文明程度。我们都知道，只要出租车开动，随着行驶里程的增加，就会看到汽车前面的计价器里程数字显示的读数从零逐渐增大，而当行驶到某一值时（如2.5KM）计费数字显示开始从起步价（如5元）增加。当出租车到达某地需要在那里等候时，司机只要按一下计时键，每等候一定时间，计费显示就增加一个该收的等候费用。汽车继续行驶时，停止计算等候费，继续增加里程计费。到达目的地，便可按显示的数字收费。采用模拟电路和数字电路设计的计价器整体电路的规模较大，用到的器件多，造成故障率高，难调试，对于模式的切换需要用到机械开关，机械开关时间久了会造成接触不良，功能不易实现。为此我们采用了单片机进行设计，相对来说功能强大，用较少的硬件和适当的软件相互配合可以很容易的实现设计要求，且灵活性强，可以通过软件编程来完成更多的附加功能。