齿轮泵泵体工艺及加工Φ14、2-M8 孔夹具设计毕业论文.doc

1摘要在机械制造的机械加工、检验、装配、焊接和热处理等冷热工艺过程中，使用着大量的夹具，用以安装加工对象，使之占有正确的位置，以保证零件和产品的质量，并提高生产效率。在机床上加工工件时，为了保证加工精度，必须正确安装工件，使其相对机床切削成形运动和刀具占有正确的位置，这一过程称为“定位”。为了不因受切削力、惯性力、重力等外力作用而破坏工件已定的正确位置，还必须对其施加一定的夹紧力，这一过程称为“夹紧”。定位和夹紧的全过程称为“安装”。在机床上用来完成工件安装任务的重要工艺装备，就是各类夹具中应用最为广泛的“机床夹具”。机床夹具的种类很多，其中，使用范围最广的通用夹具，规格尺寸多已标准化，并且有专业的工厂进行生产。而广泛用于批量生产，专为某工件加工工序服务的专用夹具，则需要各制造厂根据工件加工工艺自行设计制造。因此，专用夹具的设计是一项重要生产准备工作，每一个从事加工工艺的工装设计人员，都应该掌握有关夹具设计的基础知识。本设计的主要内容是设计钻床夹具，需要对齿轮泵端盖上的2个M8螺孔和1个14的孔进行钻削加工。文中介绍了工件在夹具体中的定位方式，定位元件与定位机构的选择，及夹紧机构的选择与设计。现代高效率的夹具大多采用机动夹紧，按力源分有气动、液压、气液联合、电传动及利用机床运动等对工件进行夹紧。这些方式具有夹紧动作快，夹紧力稳定，可减轻工人劳动强度等优点。本设计选用电动机作为夹紧的动力装置，运用机电传动控制回路来控制电动机的正反转，借以控制被加工工件在夹具体上的夹紧。此外，文中还对夹具进行了简单的精度分析与计算。机械零件上往往都有各种不同用途和不同精度的孔需要加工。在机械加工中，孔的加工量所占比例较大，其中钻头、扩孔钻、铰刀等定尺寸刀具加工占相当多数。这时，除了要保证孔的尺寸精度外，还要达到孔的位置精度要求。在单件小批量生产中，用划线后找正孔轴线位置方法加工，更因钻头刚性差、易变形，因此生产效率低且精度差。在批量生产中一般都采用钻床夹具，钻床夹具又称钻模，通过钻套引导刀具进行加工可准确地确定刀具与工件之间的相对位置，是钻模的主要特点。钻削时，被加工孔的尺寸和精度主要由刀具本身的尺寸和精度来保证；而孔的位置精度则由钻套在夹具上相对于定位元件的位置精度来确定。因为通过钻套引导刀具进行加工，这就既可能提高刀具系统刚性，又能防止钻头引偏。关键词：机械制造，通用夹具，专用夹具，钻床夹具，齿轮泵，电动机章节标题2ABSTRCTAtthemachinemanufacturemachine-finishing,theexamination,theassembly,theweldingandtheheattreatmentandsooninthecoldhottechnologicalprocess,areusingthemassivejigs,withinstallstheprocessingobject,enableittoholdthecorrectposition,guaranteesthecomponentsandtheproductquality,andenhancementproductionefficiency.Processestheworkpiecewhentheenginebed,inordertoguaranteetheprocessingprecision,mustcorrectlyinstalltheworkpiece,causesitsrelativeenginebedcuttingformingmovementandthecuttingtoolholdsthecorrectposition,thisprocessiscalled"thelocalization".ForbecauseofCuttingforce,inertialforce,exogenicprocessandsoonthegravityisnotdestroyedtheworkpiecealreadythecorrectpositionwhichdecides,butalsomustcertainlyexerttoitclampsthestrength,thisprocessiscalled"clamps".Locatestheentireprocesswhichandclampstobecalled"theinstallment".Usesforontheenginebedtocompletetheworkpiecetoinstallthedutytheimportantcraftequipment,isineachkindofjigwidelyapplies"theenginebedjig".Enginebedjigtypeverymany,among,theusescopebroadestgeneraljig,thespecificationsizearemanyhasstandardized,andhasthespecialtythefactorytocarryontheproduction.Butwidelyusesinthevolumeproduction,speciallyunitclampwhichservesforsomeworkpieceprocessingworkingprocedure,thenneedsvariousfactoriesindependentlytodesignthemanufactureaccordingtotheworkpieceprocessingcraft.Therefore,theunitclampdesignisanimportantproductionpreparatorywork,eachisengagedintheprocessingcrafttheworkclothesdesignpersonnel,allshouldgrasptheelementaryknowledgewhichtherelatedjigdesigns.Thisdesignmaincontentdesignsthedrillingmachinejig,needsthecountergearpumpsontheendcover2M8holeand114theholecarriesondrillstruncatestheprocessing.Inthearticleintroducedtheworkpieceinclampstheconcretecenterthelocatemode,locatesthepartandthedetentmechanismchoice,andclampstheorganizationthechoiceandthedesign.Themodernhighefficiencyjigmostlyusesmobileclamps,dividesaccordingtothestrengthsourcehasairoperated,thehydraulicpressure,thegasfluidunion,theelectricitytransmissionandsooncarriesonusingtheenginebedmovementtotheworkpiececlamps.Thesewayshaveclampthemovementquickly,clampsthestrengthtobestable,mayreducemeritandsoonworkerlaborintensity.Thisdesignselectsthepowerunitwhichtheelectricmotorachievementclamps,theutilizationmechanicalandelectricaltransmissioncontrolloopcontrolmotorthereverse,isprocessedinordertothecontrolthework3pieceintoclampconcreteonclamping.Inaddition,inthearticlehasalsocarriedonthesimpleprecisionanalysisandthecomputationtothejig.Onthemachinepartsoftenallhaseachkindofdifferentuseandthedifferentprecisionholeneedstoprocess.Inthemachine-finishing,theholeprocessloadaccountsfortheproportiontobebigger,drillbit,Expandingdrilling,Reamerandsoondecidesthesizecuttingtoolprocessingtooccupyquitemost.Bynow,besideshadtoguaranteetheholethesizeprecision,butalsohadtoachievetheholethepositionprecisionrequest.Inthesingleunitsmallvolumeproduction,afterdrawsalineadjuststheholespoolthreadpositionmethodprocessing,becausethedrillbitrigiditybad,iseasiertodistort,thereforetheproductionefficiencylowalsotheprecisionisbad.Generallyallusesthedrillingmachinejiginthevolumeproduction,thedrillingmachinejigcalls钻模,throughdrillsthesetofguidancecuttingtooltocarryontheprocessingtobepossibleaccuratelytodeterminebetweenthecuttingtoolandtheworkpiecerelativeposition,is钻模maincharacteristic.Drillswhentruncates,isprocessedtheholethesizeandtheprecisionmainlybythecuttingtoolitselfsizeandtheprecisionguaranteed；Buttheholepositionprecisionbydrillsthesettobephotogenicinthejigregardinglocatesthepartthepositionprecisiontodetermine.Becausethroughdrillsthesetofguidancecuttingtooltocarryontheprocessing,thisbothpossiblyenhancesthecuttingtoolsystemrigidity,andcanpreventthedrillbitdirects.Keywords:machinery,commonfixture,specialfixture,drillingfixture,gearpumps,motors目录中文摘要.英文摘要.第1章绪论11.1机床夹具概述.1.2机床夹具的发展趋势.1第2章工艺规程设计22.1制定工艺路线.22.1.1工艺方案一.32.2工艺方案二.3章节标题42.1.3最终工艺方案的确定.42.2机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定.52.2.1机械加工余量、毛坯尺寸.52.2.2工序尺寸的确定.52.3切削用量计算.7第3章专用夹具设计113.1定位基准的选择113.2定位误差分析与计算.113.3夹紧力的计算.113.4夹具总体方案.133.5传动装置的设计.143.6夹紧装置.153.7钻套的选择.163.8钻模板的设计.173.9夹具体的设计.203.10其他元件的设计.213.11整机原理.21第四章结论.22参考文献.23致谢.24附卡1:机械加工工序卡.25附卡2：机械加工工艺过程卡1.26附卡3：机械加工工艺过程卡2.27第一章绪论1.1机床夹具概述在机械制造的切削加工、检验、装配、焊接和热处理等工艺过程中,要使用大量的夹具来安装加工对象,使其占有正确的位置,以保证零件和产品的加工质量,并提高生产率,从而提高其经济性。把工件迅速固定在正确位置上,完成切削加工、检验、装配、焊接和热处理等工作所使用的工艺装备称为夹具。把机床上用来完成工件装夹任务所使用的工