CW6163系列普床改数控机床的PLC编程.doc

目录引言···························································································4第一章概述···················································································51.1数控系统的简介·························································································51.1.1数控系统发展简史及趋势···········································································51.1.2数控（NC）阶段······················································································51.2.3计算机数控（CNC）阶段··········································································51.2PLC简介·································································································61.2.1PLC定义·································································································61.2.2PLC的结构与组成·····················································································61.2.3PLC的工作原理························································································61.3PLC和NC的关系·······················································································6第二章CK6163数控机床的整体设计··················································72.1CK6163的总体结构介绍··············································································72.2数控机床的整体设计···················································································7第三章数控系统选用········································································83.1开环步进伺服系统：···················································································83.2闭环数控系统：··························································································83.3半闭环数控系统：·······················································································9第四章数控机床强电控制······························································104.1主轴电机的控制。·····················································································104.2变频器、变频电机：·················································································114.3、润滑系统的控制····················································································134.3.1强电线路图····························································································134.3.2控制电路·······························································································134.3.3润滑系统控制顺序方框图·········································································1514.4、冷却电机控制·······················································································154.5.刀台电机·······························································································15第五章数控机床的逻辑控制····························································165.1启动时PLC程序设计：············································································165.2、主轴的逻辑控制·····················································································175.2.1、主轴变速过程如下：·············································································175.2.2主轴速度控制S功能···············································································175.2.3.主轴正转、反转、停止功能·····································································175.3变频器的逻辑控制·····················································································185.4刀台控制·································································································205.5润滑系统的PLC························································································225.5.1润滑系统的控制顺序简介·········································································225.5.2滑系统的故障监控··················································································225.5.3润滑系统的PLC控制梯形图··································································23结论·······························································································24致谢·······························································································25参考文献························································································26附件·······························································································272CW6163系列普床改数控机床的PLC编程摘要本文主要是将传统的CW6163车床的电气控制系统改造成为数字控制的开环控制系统。改造后的系统是以单片机系统为控制模块，以步进电机为驱动执行元件。实现X轴和Z轴的两坐标联动以及对刀具的自动选取。同时能够进行直线和圆弧的插补；工件在一次安装后，完成多道工序的加工，通过编写不同的程序完成各种较为复杂零件的加工。数控机床，在设计上要达到：有高的静动态刚度；运动副之间的摩擦系数小，传动无间隙、功率大、便于操作和维修，机床数控改造时应尽量达到上述要求。不能认为将数控装置与普通机床连接在一起就达到了数控机床的要求，还应对主要部件进行相应的改造使其达到一定的设计要求，才能获得预期的改造目的。通过对CW6163普通车床的数控改造，使其加工精度明显提高，定位准确可靠，操作方便，性能价格比高。这种方法对中小企业设备的数控改造有一定的借鉴与推广作用。本次改造主要针对车床的主轴系统、刀架系统、进给系统、反馈环节、电器控制柜以及数控系统进行了改造，改造方法简单、改造操作步骤便于实施。而且掌握了一些CAM、CAD等制图软件的应用和论文的撰写格式，这篇论文对我四年的大学学习的一次全面总结。关键词数控机床变频器CNCPLC数控化改造3ThePLCProgrammingOfCW6163SeriesPlainLatheToCNCAbstractThispapermainlyisthatthetraditionalCW6163latheelectricitycontrolsystemisreformedthenumericalcontroltheopen-loopcontrolsystem.Afterthereformsystemistakethemonolithicintegratedcircuitsystemasthecontrolmodule,Takestep-by-stepstheelectricalmachineryastheactuationfunctionalelement.RealizestheXaxisandtheZaxistwocoordinateslinkageareaswellastothecuttingtoolautomaticselection.Atthesametimecancarryonthestraightlineandthecirculararcinsertsmakesup.Afterinstallstheworkpiece,completedtheprocessingprocedure.ThroughthepreparationofdifferentprocedurestocompleteallthemorecomplicatedpartsoftheprocessingAnewnumericalcontrollatheshouldreachinthedesign:Thereishighquietdynamicrigidity；thecoefficientoffrictionbetweenthevicesportislittle,thetransmissionhasnointerval；thepowerislarge；Easytooperateandmaintenance.Lathenumericalcontrolshouldtryonesbestandreachandrequirewhilebeingabove-mentionedwhenthetransformation.Cantthinkandlinknumericalcontroldeviceandordinarylathetogetherandreachnumericalcontrolrequestoflathe,Alsoshouldcarryontomainpartcorrespondingtransformationenabletheirsreachingcertaindesigningrequirement,Purposeoftransformingthatcouldbeexpected.ThispaperintroducedaCW6163alterationmethodofnumericalcontrollathe.Thisalterationleadsthemachiningprecisionsharplyimproved.Thispositioningispreciseandreliable,andthemanipulationisconvenient,finallythepriceismuchcheaper.Thismethodisworthytopopularizeforreference.Thetransformationofthemainresponsetothelathespindlesystem,cuttingtoolsystem,thefeedsystemandthefeedbacklink,electricalcontrolcabinetandtheNCsystemisrevamped；themethodissimple,transformingoperationalstepstofacilitatetheirimplementation.MoreoverhasgraspedsomechartingsoftwaretheandsoonCAM,CADapplicationandthepapercomposestheform，Thispaperformefouryearsofuniversitystudyinacomprehensivesummation.KeyWordsCNCmachinetoolsconverterCNCPLCnumericalcontrolsystem