单片机控制照明系统 单片机照明控制系统.doc

上海交通大学自学考试毕业论文1基于单片机的照明控制系统摘要随着电子技术的飞速发展，基于单片机的控制系统已广泛应用于工业、农业、电力、电子、智能楼宇等行业，微型计算机作为嵌入式控制系统的主体与核心，代替了传统的控制系统的常规电子线路。同时楼宇智能化的发展与成熟，也为基于单片机的照明控制系统的普及与应用奠定了坚实的基础。本文阐述了照明的有线、无线控制方式设计原理与实现方法。以设计过程为主线，分别从硬件和软件两个方面描述设计过程，即从硬件电路的设计方法到实现所要求功能的软件技术。该照明控制系统的主控制器、分控制器分别是以AT89C51与AT89C2051单片机为基础，实现了有线通信、无线数传、控制与显示等功能。文中详细地描述了控制电路的设计过程，包括：键盘与LED显示电路、RS485通信电路、无线数传电路、照明灯控制电路以及看门狗电路等。对于软件设计主要有主控制器、分控制器的有线通信程序设计与无线数字传输程序设计以及灯光控制、定时控制、键盘扫描与LED显示等程序设计。有线通信程序的功能是：通过RS485主从通信方式，由主控制器发出命令对全部或单个分控制器所控制的照明灯实现开启、关闭、灯光亮度调节、定时控制等功能。无线数传程序设计的功能是：通过无线数传模块实现照明灯的无线遥控，同样实现有线方式控制的功能。关键词：主控制器，分控制器，单片机，有线通信，无线数传，灯光亮度控制，定时控制上海交通大学自学考试毕业论文2TheControlSystemforLightingBasedonSinglechipMicrocomputerAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofelectronictechnology,thesystemofcontrolbasedonSingle-chipMicrocomputeriswidelyappliedinindustry,agriculture,electricpower,electron,intelligentbuildingandsoon.Microcomputer,asthesubjectandcoreoftheembeddedsystemofcontrol,replacesthetraditionalsystemelectroniccircuit.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentandmaturationoftheintelligentbuildinghaveestablishedthesubstantialfoundationforthepopularizationandapplicationofthecontrolsystemforlightingbasedonsingle-chipmicrocomputer.Thepaperexpatiatesonthedesigningtheoriesandimplementationmethodofthecontrolsystemforlightingbywiredorwirelesscommunications.Takingthedesigningprocessasmainline,itdescribestheprocessofdesigningfromtworespectshardwareandsoftware.Inanotherword,thepaperdescribestheprocessfromthemethodofcircuitdesigningtothesoftwaretechnologyofrealizingthedemandedfunctions.ThehostcontrollerofthecontrolsystemforlightingisbasedonAT89C51single-chipmicrocomputer,andtheauxiliaryonesarebasedonAT89C2051.Thesystemcandomanyjobs,suchaswiredcommunication,wirelessdatatransmitting,controllinganddisplay.Thepaperdescribesthedesigningprocessofthecircuitatlength,including:keyboardandLEDdisplaycircuit,RS485communicationcircuit,wirelesstransmittingcircuit,controlcircuitoflighting,watchdogcircuit,etc.Thedesigningofsoftwaremainlyincludestheseveralprogramming,suchaswiredcommunication,wirelessdatatransmitting,lamplightcontrolling,timedcontrolling,keyboardscanningandLEDdisplaying.ThewiredcommunicationprogrammingfunctionisthatthroughMaster-slavecommunicationmethodbasedonRS485thehostcontrollersendsorderstotheallauxiliarycontrollersoreachone,including:turning上海交通大学自学考试毕业论文3onlighting,turningofflighting,regulatingbrightnessoflighting,controllingtimedlighting,etc.Thewirelessdatatransmittingprogrammingfunctionisthatbywirelesstransmitteritrealizeswirelesscontrollingofthelighting,andachievesthefunctionsidenticaltowiredcommunication.KeyWords:Hostcontroller,Auxiliarycontroller,Single-chipmicrocomputer,Wiredcommunication,Wirelessdatatransmitting,controllingbrightnessoflighting,Timedcontrolling上海交通大学自学考试毕业论文4目录摘要·····················································1Abstract··················································2第一章序言·······················································61.1单片机应用技术···················································61.2有线通信技术···················································71.3无线数传技术···················································71.4本章小结···················································8第二章基于单片机的照明控制系统的设计框架和性能························92.1系统设计要点···················································92.2系统的结构···················································92.3系统性能指标与技术要求···········································112.4本章小结···················································12第三章基于单片机的照明控制系统的硬件电路设计·······················133.1主控制器的电路设计············································133.1.1键盘的接口设计···················································143.1.2LED数码显示的接口设计···········································143.1.3看门狗监控电路的设计··················································143.2分控制器的电路设计·················································153.2.1时钟芯片的接口设计··············································163.2.2零点检测与可控硅控制电路的设计·····························163.3RS485通信电路的设计···········································173.4无线数传电路的设计···············································203.4.1无线数传电路的连接···········································203.4.2SRWF-1模块的特性·······································203.5本章小结···················································21第四章基于单片机的照明控制系统的软件设计······························224.1人机交互程序设计··········································22上海交通大学自学考试毕业论文54.1.1键盘扫描程序设计········································234.1.2LED数码显示程序设计·············································254.2照明启停控制程序设计·············································264.2.1全部启停控制程序设计············································264.2.2单独启停控制程序设计···············································284.3照明亮度控制程序设计···············································304.3.1全部亮度控制程序设计···············································304.3.2单独亮度控制程序设计···············································324.4照明定时控制程序设计···················································334.4.1全部定时控制程序设计···················································334.4.2单独定时控制程序设计···················································344.5RS485通信程序设计···················································354.5.1主机部分通信程序设计···················································374.5.2从机部分通信程序设计···················································374.6无线数传通信程序设计···················································394.7本章小结···················································39第五章实验及总结···················································40致谢···························································41参考文献···························································42附录···························································43上海交通大学自学考试毕业论文6第一章序言近十几年来，随着我国城市建设的快速发展，楼宇照明也相应飞速发展。在楼宇的照明数量与质量两个方面均有显著的变化与提高，特别是随着人民生活水平进入小康水平，楼宇照明水平提高很快，追求人工照明光环境的舒适性、个性化、安全、节能等方面日见突出。楼宇中人工光环境对于满足人们的生活、学习、娱乐以及工作方面有着重要的意义。照明控制系统传统是以照明配电箱通过手动开关来控制照明灯具的通断，或通过回路中串入接触器，实现远距离控制。而今出现的楼宇自控系统，是以电气触点来实现区域控制、定时通断、中央监控等功能。由于照明控制系统在楼宇自控系统中并非独立，同时控制功能简单，因此使用上有一定的局限性。故当楼宇自控系统出现故障时，照明系统亦受到影响。随着微电子技术与数字化技术的发展，开发出了智能化水平更高的专业照明控制的独立系统，从而能节约能源、延长灯具寿命、提高照明质量。根据使用客户的经验，不仅使照明管理与设备维修简单及降低费用外，还对环境改善、提高工作效率都有着显著的效果。本系统是以单片机为控制器的核心，其中上位机是以AT89C51为基础，下位机是以AT89C2051为基础，再连接外围电路，通过现场总线RS485通信方式实现照明灯具的智能控制，也可以通过无线数传模块实现无线通信，从而达到照明灯具的智能控制。11单片机的应用技术电子技术和微型计算机的迅速发展，促进微型计算机测量和控制技术的迅速发展和广泛应用，单片机（单片微型计算机）的应用已经渗透到国民经济的各个部门和领域，它起到了越来越重要的作用。单片微型计算机就是将中央处理单元、存储器、定时/计数器和多种接口都集成到一块集成电路芯片上的微型计算机。因此一块芯片就构成了一台计算机。它已成为工业控制领域、智能仪器仪表、尖端武器、日常生活中最广泛使用的计算机。单片机由硬件系统与软件系统组成。硬件系统是指构成微机系统的实体与装置，通常由运算器、控制器、存储器、输入接口电路和输入设备、输出接口电路和输出设备等组成。其中运算器和控制器一般做在一个集成芯片上，统称中央处理单元（CentralProcessingUnit），简称CPU，是微机的核心部件。CPU配上存放程序和数据的存储器、输入/输出（Input/Output，上海交通大学自学考试毕业论文7简称I/O）接口电路以及外部设备即构成单片机的硬件系统。软件系统是微机系统所使用的各种程序的总称，人们通过它对微机进行控制并与微机系统进行信息交换，使微机按照人的意图完成预定的任务。软件系统与硬件系统共同构成完整的单片微型计算机系统，两者相辅相成，缺一不可。12有线通信技术在数据通信、计算机网络以及工业上的分布式控制系统中，经常需要采用串行通信来达到远程信息交换的目的。目前，有多种接口标准可用于串行通信，最常用的接口有RS-232、RS-422、RS-485。RS232是最早的串行接口标准，在短距离、较低波特率串行通信中得到了广泛应用。其后发展起来的RS-422、RS-485是平衡传送的电气标准，比起RS-232非平衡的传送方式在电气指标上有了大幅度的提高。但总的来说，RS-232、RS-422与RS-485最初都是由电子工业协会（EIA）制订并发布的，EIA于1983年在RS-422基础上制定了RS-485标准，增加了多点、双向通信能力，即允许多个发送器连接到同一条总线上，同时增加了发送器的驱动能力和冲突保护特性，扩展了总线共模范围，后命名为TIA/EIA-485-A标准。RS-232、RS-422与RS-485标准只对接口的电气特性做出规定，而不涉及接插件、电缆或协议，在此基础上用户可以建立自己的高层通信协议。正因为RS-485的远距离、多节点（32个）、可以自行定义协议以及传输线成本低的特性，使得EIARS-485成为工业应用中数据传输的首选标准。13无线数传技术有线传输的方式虽然使用非常广泛且可靠性较高，但由于各方面的局限性，已经在众多方面被无线传输方式所取代。无线数字传输技术日益完善，其重要性也被人们所认识，相应的基于无线数字传输的产品也随处可见。无线数字传输系统安装简便、使用效率高，可应用于各个领域，例如，无线数据传输、无线数据采集、无线抄表、工业遥控、楼宇自动化、高档玩具等等。无线数传技术是通过单片机的串口与无线数传模块连接，将要发送的数据由无线数传模块向空中发出，然后由另一个终端设备的无线数传模块从空中接收数据，这样就实现了预期的任务。