土木工程毕业设计（论文）-B地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计.doc

B地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计B地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计摘要本设计为上海闵行某镇203号地块配套商品房B3地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计。其中本设计的B3楼地上部分建筑面积为10695.33平方米，B3楼结构形式为剪力墙结构，共12层，层高2.8米，总高35.25米，一梯三户。本工程属一般剪力墙结构，建筑场地属IV类场地，建筑抗震设防类别为丙类，抗震设防烈度为七度，设计地震分组为第一组，设计基本地震加速度值为0.10g，设计特征周期Tg=0.9秒，剪力墙抗震等级三级，建筑结构安全等级为二级。本次毕业设计的要求主要包括两大部分，第一部分是掌握剪力墙小高层住宅楼的结构体系布置、运用结构设计软件PKPM建立计算模型、合理设定软件的参数配置，最后利用PKPM软件进行计算分析；熟悉相关设计规范规程。在PKPM软件运用中主要有：一、PMCAD：结构模型与荷载输入，结构楼面布置信息，楼面荷载传导计算；二、SATWE：接PM生成SATWE数据，结构内力、配筋计算，弹性动力时程分析；三、梁柱施工：梁归并（全楼归并），梁平法施工图；四、JLQ：剪力墙配筋设计，画截面注写方式施工图。第二部分是要能按要求运用AutoCAD软件绘出住宅楼结构平面布置图、剪力墙配筋图、连梁配筋图、楼板配筋图和楼梯详图等结构施工图。毕业设计的目的为：根据所学的房屋建筑学、钢筋混凝土结构设计、土力学与地基基础和砌体结构等专业课程知识进行初步设计，同时通过毕业设计掌握PKPM软件的运用及高层建筑剪力墙结构体系布置。根据相关的建筑规范采用电算进行计算和验算，同时提交设计成果图纸（住宅楼结构平面布置图、剪力墙配筋图、连梁配筋图、楼板配筋图和楼梯详图等结构施工图）。通过这次毕业设计使学生能够综合运用所学过的专业基础知识、基本理论知识，对一般土木工程进行结构、建筑、设备和材料的设计布置，培养学生解决实际工程问题的能力，激发学生探索土木工程专业的兴趣，培养学生的自学和创新能力，帮助学生在今后的工作中不断取得进步。同时，本设计有助于学生树立正确的设计思想和经济观念，培养理论联系实际的工作作风，严肃认真的科学态度；提高学生独立分析，实际解决工程问题的能力。本设计的工程要考虑适应上海的地质、气候、风向等因素，要顾及冬季的防寒保温和夏季的隔热通风，建筑设计立面简洁美观、居住环境安静舒适，采用一梯三户式建筑结构布置，为居民的居住生活创造良好的环境。本设计属于高层建筑设计，在新高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程（JGJ32002）里规定：10层及10层以上或高度超过28m的钢筋混凝土结构称为高层建筑结构。当建筑高度超过100m时，称为超高层建筑。我国的房屋6层及6层以上就需要设置电梯，对10层以上的房屋就有提出特殊的防火要求的防火规范，因此我国的民用建筑设计通则（GB503522005）、高层民用建筑设计防火规范（GB50045-95）将10层及10层以上的住宅建筑和高度超过24m的公共建筑B地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计和综合性建筑划称为高层建筑。随着我国的改革开放，人民的生活水平的不断提高,在我国的一些大、中城市都大量的兴建住宅楼,在城市用地的日趋紧张及住户对在房屋的使用功能、面积和房间组合等提出越来越高的要求,高屋住宅楼越来越多,而且平面布置也趋于复杂。在多数住宅楼中,把楼梯、电梯及竖向管道井置于中部,形成一个竖向交通核心,各住宅单元围绕该中心布置的平面布置方法,经过长时期的使用,证明了这种格式的高屋住宅楼各单元的通风采光良好、平面紧凑、结构外露面少,而且较为经济,已普遍被推广。高屋建筑混凝土结构技术规程(JGJ3-2002)中指出：“近年兴起的短肢剪墙结构有利于住宅建筑布置,又可进一步减轻结构自重。”肯定了短肢剪力墙在高屋住宅中的优点和特点。短肢剪力墙是通过加开结构洞及加大门窗洞口的宽度,墙体由几个短的独立的钢筋混凝土墙段,通过连梁拉结,以达到减少剪力墙肢长,增长建筑物自振周期和降低地震作用的目地。短肢剪力墙属剪力墙的一种,通常采用T形、L形、十字形等的墙肢，这些墙肢主要分布于房间分隔墙的交点处,并视抗侧力的需要和分隔墙相交的形式而布置适当数量的各种形式的短肢墙,并在各墙肢处布置连梁,把这些短肢墙连结成一个整体,而未利用部分的剪力墙中的间隔墙,则用轻质砌体填充。本论文主要包括以下内容：开题报告和设计任务书，绪论，即高层建筑与剪力墙结构设计要求。设计说明与结构布置，计算结果与分析，设计小结，参考文献和谢辞。本设计具有以下特点：一、在考虑建筑、结构要求的同时考虑了施工要求及可行性。二、针对不同荷载的特点采用了多种不同的计算方法，对知识进行了全面系统的复习。三、利用电算对结果进行了验算，掌握PKPM及AutoCAD的用法，使结果更加有说服力。通过这次设计，使我更加深入的理解了毕业设计的重要性和必要性，使我对土木工程有了一个整体的认识，并对综合运用、巩固扩展所学的基础理论和专业知识，树立正确的设计思想和工程经济理念有很大的帮助；同时令我印象深刻的是治学必严谨，要有严肃认真的科学态度，要善于理论联系实际，要通过实践验证所学的知识，才能把专业知识转化为开拓进取的力量。关键词：结构设计，剪力墙结构，高层建筑，PKPM，AutoCADB地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计STRUCTURALDESIGNFORA12-STOREYRESIDENTIALBUILDINGINB3BLOCKABSTRACTThegraduationdesignisa12-storeyresidentialbuildingstructuraldesignlocatedintheMinhangDistrict,Shanghai,belongingto203B3block,oneofthecommercialhousingblock.Thearea,abovethegroundfloor,is10695.33squaremeters,thebuildingheretakesashear-wallstructure,withatotalof12floorsand2.8meters,heightastorey,andthetotalheightis35.25m,sharingoneladderfor3households.Theprojecttakesageneralshear-wallstructure,withaclassIVconstructionsitesandacategoryCforbuilding,seismicfortificationwithsevendegrees.Thedesignearthquakebelongstothefirstgroupclassificationandthedesignvalueofthebasicseismicaccelerationis0.10g,andalsodesigncharacteristicperiodis0.9sec,withalevel-threeforshearseismic,alevel-twoforthestructures,security.Therequirementsofthisgraduationprojectmainlycontaintwoparts,thefirstpartistomastertheshearwallstructuralsystemlayoutforhigh-risehousebuilding,usingthestructuraldesignsoftwarePKPMtoestablishthemodel,settingappropriateparametersandthefinalworkiscalculation.Studentshouldbefamiliarwiththestructuraldesignrules.TheusesofPKPMsoftwareare:1.PMCAD:establishingmodelsandinputtingloads,informationofstructuralfloorlayout,thefloorloadcalculation.2.SATWE:linkPMgeneratingSATWEdata,internalforceandreinforcementcomputation,elasticdynamicanalysis.3.Beamconstruction:beammerger(mergingthewholebuilding),girderplanemethodforconstructiondrawings.4.JLQ:reinforcementdesignforwall,thesectionworkingdrawings.ThesecondpartisusingAutoCADsoftware,drawingthegraphsofstructureplan,wallreinforcementplan,beamreinforcementplans,slabreinforcementplansandstairsdetailingplans.TheaimofGraduationdesign:Accordingtotheknowledgeof"Architecture","reinforcedconcretestructuredesign,""SoilMechanicsandFoundationEngineering"and"MasonryStructures",studentneedstotakeapreliminarydesignofproject,andthroughthegraduationdesign,masteringPKPMsoftwareandshearwallstructurelayoutforhigh-risebuildings.Accordingtotherelevantbuildingrules,calculatingtheprojectbyICCandchecking,andsubmittingthedesigndrawings(structuralfloorplan,wallreinforcementplan,beamreinforcementplans,slabreinforcementplansandstairsdetailing).Bythedesign,agraduationB地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计shouldmastercomprehensiveuseoftheprofessionalknowledgeandbasictheoreticalknowledgefordesigningthearchitecture,layoutofequipmentandmaterialsforthegeneralcivilengineering,encouragingstudentstosolvepracticalengineeringproblems,andexploreinterestincivilengineering.Culturingself-learningandinnovationabilities,helpsstudentscontinuetomakeprogressinfuturework.Atthesametime,thisdesignprojectwillhelpstudentsacquireacorrectdesignandeconomicconcepts,formingtheorywithpracticeworkstyleandseriousscientificattitude.Improvingstudents,independentanalysis,theactualabilitytosolveengineeringproblems.TheprojectshouldbeadapttoShanghaisgeology,climate,winddirectionandotherfactors,takingthewintercoldandsummerheatventilationandinsulationintoaccount,withasimpleandbeautifulfacadeappearance,aquietandcomfortablelivingenvironmentandusingaladderfor3arrangementsstyletocreateagoodenvironmentforlivinglife.Thedesignishigh-risebuilding,thenew"Technicalspecificationforconcretehigh-risebuildings"(JGJ3-2002)rulesthat:morethan10floorsand10floorsormorethan28mhighreinforcedconcretestructure,areknownasthehigh-risebuilding.Whenthebuildingheightexceeds100m,itiscalledHigh-risebuilding.HousesinChinese,with6layersormore,needtosetelevators,whilemorethan10layersthefirehouseshavemadeaspecialfiresafetyrequirements,soChinas"CivilDesignPrinciples"(GB50352-2005),"High-riseCivilarchitecturaldesigncodeforfireprotection"(GB50045-95)define10floorsormoreofresidentialbuildingsandthepublicbuildingstallerthan24m,asthehigh-risebuilding.AsreforminChinaandopeningupadvance,peopleslivingstandardsisrisingup,somelargeandmedium-sizedcitieshaveestablishedalargenumberofresidentialbuilding.withagrowingtensionsinurbanland,housingfunction,areaandroomcombination,citizensraisehigherandhigherdemands,moreandmorehighresidentialbuildingsestablished,andalsotendstocomplexlayout.Inmostresidentialbuildings,thestaircase,elevatorandverticalpipewellsplacedinthemiddleofthecoretoformaverticaltransport,theresidentialunitsarrangedaroundthecenterofthelayout,afteralongperiodofuse,thisarrangementhasgenerallybeenprovedhighresidentialbuilding,sventilationandlightingallgood,flatcompact,lessappearanceforstructure,andalsomoreeconomical,whichhasgenerallybeenspread,Thisarticlepresentsitsdesigningfeaturesfromthedefinitionofshortshearwall,thedefinitionofmulti-short-shear-wallstructureandfailuresexistinthepresentstructuralcomputationsoftware.Italsoprovidesgistinthedesignofshortshearwallinaproject.High-riseshearwallsforresidentialspecial-shapedcolumnsaspeople,especiallyinhigh-riseresidentialflatandspacehavebecomeincreasinglydemanding,theoriginalgeneralframestructureoftheexposedbeamsexposedcolumns,normalwallstructureofarchitecturalspacestrictlylimitedandseparatedcannolongersatisfypeoplesdemandforresidentialspace.Soonthebasisoftheexistingshearwalls,absorbingtheadvantagesoftheframestructure,andgraduallyevolvedthatcanadapttopeoplesconceptofthenewresidentialhigh-riseresidentialstructuretype,thatisshort-piershearwallstructureandspecial-shapedcolumnframestructuretype.Thesetwonewstructuresduetoalargeextent,overcomethegeneralframeworkoftheshortcomingsofordinaryshearwallstructurebythearchitectsdefinitelymoreopenwiththeHousingtenantshavebeenwelcomedbybusiness,thispaperthesetwokindsofnewtypeofhigh-riseresidentialstructure,forcecharacteristics,structuralanalysisandstructuralrequirementsB地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计setout."High-risebuildingTechnicalSpecificationforConcreteStructures"(JGJ3-2002)rulesthat:"Inrecentyears,theriseofshort-limbshearwallstructureisconducivetoresidentialbuildinglayout,thestructurecanfurtherreduceweight."Theadvantagesandcharacteristicsoftheshortpiershearwallsinhighhousingareaffirmed.Shortshearwallstructurehasadditionalholesandincreasesthewidthofwindowanddooropenings,thewallconsistsofseveralshortindependentreinforcedconcretewallsections,byrachellingbeamstorealizethereductionofwallflange,andincreasingthevibrationperiodofbuildingandreducingearthquakeeffect.Shortshearwallisonekindofwallstyles,usuallyusingtheT-shaped,L-shaped,crossandsoon.Thesearemainlydistributedintheroomwallfortheintersectionofaseparatingwall,andconsideringtheneedsoflateralforceandtheformsofseparationbarrier,laytheappropriatenumberofvariousforms,shortshearwallandthewalllayoutwithbeamsformingasawhole.Thesparepartitionofshortshearwall,filledwithlightweightmasonry.Thispaperincludesthefollowings:openingreportandtaskplan，introduction,high-risebuildingwithshearwallstructuraldesignrequirements,thedesigndescriptionandstructuralarrangement,resultsandanalysis,thedesignsummary，referenceandtribute.Thedesignhasthefollowingfeatures:1.Comprehensiveconsideration,includingthebuilding,structure,therequirementsoftheconstructionrequirementsandthefeasibility.2.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofdifferentloads,usingvariouscalculationmethods,graduationhasacomprehensivesystemofreview.3.UsingICCtowardtheresultsforchecking,masteringtheuseofAutoCAD,PKPMsoftwares,makingtheresultsmoreconvinced.Throughthegraduationdesign,Iammorein-depthunderstandingoftheimportanceandnecessityofpracticaldesign,Ialsohaveawholecognitionforcivilengineering,whichisofgreathelpforintegratinguseandconsolidatingthebasictheoryandprofessionalknowledge,establishingproperdesignandengineeringeconomicphilosophy.Atsametime,makingmeimpressedmostisscholarshipmustberigorous,studentsshouldhaveseriousscientificattitude,begoodatlinkingtheorywithpractice,theknowledgelearnedinbooksshouldbeverifiedbypracticeinordertobringexpertiseintothestrengthtoadvance.Keywords:structuraldesign,wallstructure,high-risebuildings,PKPM,AutoCAD