论东西方龙的文化差异.doc

本本科毕业论文本科毕业生论文TheCulturalDifferencesBetweenEastandWestonDragon论东西方龙的文化差异院系：人文社会科学系专业：英语学生姓名：学号：指导教师：2008年6月本本科毕业论文IContentsAcknowledgements.IAbstract.II摘要.III1Introduction.12TheCulturesintheEastandWestonDragon.52.1TheCulturesintheEastonDragon.52.1.1ChineseDragon.52.1.2ChineseDragoninPopularCulture.62.2TheCulturesintheWestonDragon.92.2.1DragonintheWesternCulture.92.2.2TheBible.103TheCulturalDifferencesBetweentheEastandWestonDragon.113.1TheContrastabouttheOriginofDragon.123.2TheContrastabouttheHistoryofDragon.143.3TheContrastaboutlegendsontheDragon.163.3.1LegendoftheYellowEmperor.163.3.2LegendoftheCarp.163.4MentionsoftheCulturalDifferencesonDragonsintheBible.174TheReasonsfortheCulturalDifferences.225Conclusion.25References.27本本科毕业论文IIAcknowledgementsIwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetomysupervisorMrZhouChangjunwhohasadvisedandencouragedmeduringthewholeprocessofwritingthepaper,showinggreatpatienceandinsight.Withoutherguidancethethesiswouldbesimplyimpossible.Likewise,mysincerethanksshouldbealsogiventotheteacherswhohaveinstructedmycoursesandwhohaveofferedmegreathelpduringmystudyinWanfangInstituteofScienceandTechnology,HenanPolytechnicUniversity.TheyareLiAiqin,PangMixiang,YanLige,HuoHongtao,LiMingxin,LiDongfeng,ZhuBaofeng,YangGuoqi,andChangJianruo.Iwouldalsoliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetomyfriendsfortheirkindhelp.Theyaremybrothersforever.Lastbustnotleast,heartythanksshouldbeconveyedtoalltheauthorsfromwhomIhavecitedinthisthesis.Myheartfeltthanksalsogotomyparentsfortheirgreatloveandearnestconcernforme.本本科毕业论文IIIAbstractTherearemanyculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWest,andthedragonculturaldifferencesareoneofthem.Easternpeoplethinkthatthedragonisholyandmascot,butWesternpeoplethinkthatthedragonisevilornotgoodcreature,sothedifferencesviewsoftenmakeourcommunicationinthestateoftensionifwedonotknowsomethingaboutthem.InthisthesisIwilltalkabouttheEastdragonandtheWestdragon.AtlastIwillcontrastthedifferencesaboutit.Iwillquotesomeage-oldlegendetotalkthedragonhowtocomeintobeingpeoplesmind,andaffectpeoplesaction.Wecannotdenyanyofthecultures.Everynationhasitsowncharacteristicsanditsmainlythroughitsculturethatwefirstbegintoknowthenationanditscharacteristics.Sowecannotsaythatthiscultureorcustomisrightandthatiswrong.Equalrespectshouldbeattachedtoeverycultureintheworld,eventothosethatarenotinexistenceanymore.Weshouldgettolearnhowtocoordinatethedifferentcultures.Wesaytheworldisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.Moreforeignerscomeandgoeveryday.Whenitisinthesamecountry,thesamecity,thesameneighborhood,theculturalcollisionisexpectedtobemoreserious.Soweshouldtrytoavoidthishappening.Oneimportantthingistogetsomebasicknowledgeabouttheotherculturessoasnottomisunderstandsomeactionsorhabitsoftheforeigners.Keywords:dragon；Beolwulf；TheBible；rian；Chinesenewyear；imperialauthority.本本科毕业论文IV中西方龙的文化差异摘要东方和西方国家存在着很多文化的差异，然而龙的文化差异只是其中的一种差异，东方人认为龙是神圣不可亵渎的，然而在西方的文化中龙却又扮演着另外一个角色，西方有的人认为龙是不好的是邪恶的，是有魔法的，如果我们不清楚这种文化差异，在我们同西方的客人交谈之中会产生各种各样的问题。在本文当中我涉及到了东西方龙的文化知识并进行了对比，同时引用一些古老的传说来说明文化在人们大脑中是如何形成的，如何来影响人们的行为。我们不能去否认任何文化，每一种文化都有自己的特点，文化本身没有对错好坏之分，我们能做的就是尊重彼此之间的文化。我们应该学习如何合作面对不同的文化差异，我们说现在世界越来越小了，许多外国人来往穿梭于每一天。当我们生活在同一个国家，同一个城市，甚至邻居，文化冲突就是一个很严重的问题了。唯一的办法就是我们要学习一些其他文化的知识，这样不至于造成误解和不理解外国人的行为和习惯。关键词：龙；贝奥武甫；圣经；雨水；中国新年；皇权。本科毕业论文11IntroductionTheC-shapedjadedragonofHongshanCultureisconsideredtheprototypeofChinesedragon.TheoriginofChinesedragonisnotcertain,butmanyscholarsagreethatitoriginatedfromtotemsofdifferenttribesinChina.Somehavesuggestedthatitcomesfromastylizeddepictionofexistinganimals,suchassnakes,fish,orcrocodiles.Forexample,theBanpositeoftheYangshaocultureinShanxifeaturedanelongated,snake-likefishmotif.tobethelocationoftheDragonGate.Thislegendisusedasanallegoryforthedriveandeffortneededtoovercomeobstaclesandachievesuccess.Jade-carveddragongarmentornamentfromtheWarringStatesperiod(403BC-221BC).Analternativeview,advocatedbyHeXin,isthattheearlydragondepictedaspeciesofcrocodile.Specifically,Crocodylusporosus,anancient,giantcrocodile.Thecrocodileisknowntobeabletoaccuratelysensechangesinairpressure,andbeabletosensecomingrain.Thismayhavebeentheoriginofthedragonsmythicalattributesincontrollingtheweather,especiallytherain.Inaddition,thereisevidenceofcrocodileworshipinancientBabylonian,Indian,andMayancivilizations.Theassociationwiththecrocodileisalsosupportedbytheviewinancienttimesthatlargecrocodilesareavarietyofdragon.Forexample,intheStoryofZhouChu,aboutthelifeofaJinDynastywarrior,heissaidtohavekilleda“dragon”thatinfestedthewatersofhishomevillage,whichappearstohavebeenacrocodile.本科毕业论文2Othershaveproposedthatitsshapeisthemergeroftotemsofvarioustribesastheresultofthemergeroftribes.ThecoiledsnakeordragonformplayedanimportantroleinearlyChineseculture.LegendaryfigureslikeNwa,Fuxiarepictedashavingsnakebodies.SomescholarsreportthatthefirstlegendaryEmperorofChinaHuangDi(YellowEmperor)usedasnakeforhiscoatofarms.Everytimeheconqueredanothertribe,heincorporatedhisdefeatedenemysemblemintohisown.Thatexplainswhythedragonappearstohavefeaturesofvariousanimals.“Coileddragon”formshavebeenattributedtotheHongshanculture.WhytheHongshanpeoples“coiled”theirdragonmotifswhileotherculturesdidnot?Possiblythesleepingdinosaurfossilmayofferasuggestion,becauseitwasdiscoveredwithinthesameprovince,Liaoning.PerhapsHongshanpeoplesfoundadditional“sleepingdinosaur”fossils.ThereisnodirectconnectionbetweentheEastdragonandtheWesterndragon.InEuropeanfolklore,adragonisaserpentinelegendarycreature.TheLatinworddraco,asinconstellationDraco,comesdirectlyfromGreek,(drákn,gazer).ThewordfordragoninGermanicmythologyanditsdescendantsisworm(OldEnglish:wyrm,OldHighGerman:wurm,OldNorse:ormr),meaningsnakeorserpent.InOldEnglishwyrmmeans“serpent”,dracameans“dragon”red.Finnishlohikäärmemeansdirectly“salmon-snake”,butthewordlohi-wasoriginallylouhi-meaningcragsorrocks,a“mountainsnake”.Thoughawingedcreature,thedragonisgenerallytobefoundinitsundergroundlair,acavethatidentifiesitasanancientcreatureofearth.Likely,thedragonsofEuropeanandMidEasternmythology