气动射种装置的设计论文[带图纸].doc

目录III摘要本研究的核心是气动射种，这是一种（与土壤）非接触式的播种方式。为了进一步探索气动射种的可行性，专门设计并试制了气动射种试验装置。气动射种试验装置由机架、步进电机、射种元件、电磁铁、电磁阀，控制电路等组成。用步进电机驱动排种器；电磁铁和电磁阀分别控制射种元件中排种阀和电磁阀的开关；控制电路实现步进电机、电磁铁和电磁阀的协调动作，完成送种、排种、射种这一工作过程；同时通过修改程序来控制试验参数；对射种元件中关键部件（排种腔体、喷嘴）的设计采用理论分析结合实际的方法，得出合理的形状和尺寸。装置的工作原理是：排种器排种后开启排种阀，种子落入排种腔体后关闭排种阀，开启电磁阀，种子随着高速气流通过喷嘴喷射而出，完成一次射种。本论文首次提出了气动射种这一新型的非接触式播种方式，经过理论上的深入探讨，开始气动射种装置的研发，旨在开辟气动射种这一非接触式播种研究新领域，探索气动射种播种的机理和方法。关键词：气动射种，播种方式，射种器，农业技术，播种器装置目录IVAbstractThecoreoftheresearchispneumaticseedingwhichiskindofplantingwhosecharacterisuntouchedsoil.Thisequipmentiscomprisedoftrestle,steppermotor,seed-shootingcomponents,electromagnet,andpneumaticjetvalve.Thesteppermotordrivesseed-fallingdevicel；theelectromagnetsandpneumaticjetvalvecontroltheswitchofseed-fallingvalveandpneumatic-jetvalverespectively；Controlcircuitcoordinatesthesteppermotorandtheelectromagnet,Completedtheworkprocessofdelivery-seed,arrange-seed,shooting-seed.；andseed-fallingcavityandpneumaticjetnozzleweredesignedbasedontheanalysisoftheoryandfact.Operationprincipleoftheequipmentisasfollows:openingtheseed-fallingvalve,whentheseedfallintothecavity,theseed-fallingvalvewasclosed.Thenopeningthepneumaticjetvalve,theseedwithpneumaticjetthroughnozzle.thepneumaticshooting-seedcomesoutwhichisanewtypeun-contactedseedingmanner.Bythein-depththeoreticresearch,nowstarttoexplodetheequipmentofpneumaticseeding.aimtocutnewresearchdomainwhichispneumaticshooting-seedandnocontactingsemination,exploringmechanismandmethodofpneumaticshooting-seed.Keywords:pneumaticshooting-seed,themannerofseeding,shooting-seedappliance,agriculturetechnology,seedingimplement目录V目录摘要···················································································································IAbstract··········································································································II目录·················································································································III第一章绪论·····································································································11.1课题的提出及意义·················································································11.2播种机械的发展现状与趋势···································································11.2.1国内外播种机的发展现状···································································11.2.2播种机械的发展趋势·········································································21.3机电一体化与农业机械········································································31.3.1机电一体化技术与播种机械的结合·······················································51.4气动射种的研究现状············································································61.5主要研究内容···················································································61.6本章小结···················································································7第二章机械装置的设计················································································82.1总体设计方案·······················································································82.2装置总体设计·················································································82.3行走装置的设计···············································································92.4射种装置的设计·······································································9目录VI2.5送种机构的设计····················································································112.6其它附属设备的设计、选择及注意事项·············································132.6.1喷嘴的设计···················································································132.6.2种箱的设计··················································································162.6.3输种管的设计················································································162.6.4排种器机械结构···········································································162.7本章小结····························································································17第三章气动射种装置的电路设计·························································183.1控制系统概述·····················································································183.1.1控制电路综述················································································183.2步进电机的选择·······································································193.2.1步进电机的工作原理········································································193.2.2步进电机的优点········································································203.2.3驱动控制系统的组成········································································203.2.4步进电机的应用········································································213.2.5控制系统的程序运行······································································233.3电磁铁的选择和控制······································································243.3.1电磁铁的选择········································································243.3.1电磁铁的控制················································································243.4PLC的选择和控制················································································253.4.1PLC的优点·····································································253.4.2PLC的选择····································································25目录VII3.5.控制电路的设计·················································································263.6本章小结···························································································26第四章结论························································································27结论·································································································27参考文献························································································29致谢···········································································································30第一章绪论1.1课题的提出及意义