可锻铸铁的退火工艺研究说明书.doc

1可锻铸铁的退火工艺研究毕业设计说明书（论文）中文摘要2可锻铸铁的退火工艺研究摘要可锻铸铁广泛用于汽车底盘零件，纺织器械以及输水输油管道接头的制造。与其它铸铁相比，可锻铸铁具有较好的综合力学性能，良好的切削加工性能以及耐腐蚀性。但由于可锻铸铁退火过程中的石墨化周期太长，能源消耗量大，对环境污染严重，因而有必要研究可锻铸铁的退火工艺。本文从铁素体可锻铸铁的退火工艺出发，探索了铁素体可锻铸铁在退火前和退火后的金相组织的和力学性能的变化，并研究了各种因素对铁素体可锻铸铁组织以及退火周期的影响。研究表明，可以通过调整原铁水化学成分、改进孕育剂及孕育处理和优化石墨化退火工艺等方面缩短可锻铸铁的退火周期，从而可以达到节省能源以及保护环境的目的。关键词可锻铸铁退火工艺石墨化3毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要MalleableCastIronAnnealingProcessAbstractMalleablecastironiswidelyusedinautochassisparts,textileequipmentandthejointmanufactureofwatersupplypipeline.Comparedwithothercastiron,malleablecastironhasgoodmechanicalproperties,goodcuttingperformanceandcorrosionresistance.However,malleableirongraphitizationduringannealingcycleistoolong,energyintensive,pollutingtheenvironment,itisnecessarytostudytheannealingprocesscanbecastiron.Thisarticleferritemalleableironannealingprocess,andexploretheferritemalleableironbeforeannealingandafterannealingthemicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesofthechangesandtostudythevariousfactorsontheferritemalleableironOrganizationandannealingcycleImpact.Studieshaveshownthatbyadjustingthechemicalcompositionoftheoriginalhotmetaltoimproveandoptimizebreedingagentinoculationgraphitizationannealingprocesssoshortentheannealingcycleofmalleablecastiron,whichcantosaveenergyandprotecttheenvironment.KeywordsMalleableCastIron,AnnealingProcess,Graphite4目录1引言................................................................51.1可锻铸铁发展简史..................................................51.2可锻铸铁..........................................................51.2.1可锻铸铁的特点和分类............................................61.2.2可锻铸铁的牌号和力学性能........................................61.2.3组织特征与性能关系..............................................81.3可锻铸铁的铸造性能................................................91.4可锻铸铁的化学成份................................................91.4.1化学成份的选定原则..............................................91.4.2化学成份的选择.................................................101.5退火技术.........................................................111.5.1退火含义.......................................................111.5.2退火的目的.....................................................111.5.3常用的退火工艺.................................................111.6石墨化退火.......................................................121.6.1石墨的晶体结构.................................................121.6.2石墨化过程的三个阶段...........................................121.6.3影响石墨化的主要因素...........................................131.6.4石墨化退火主要涉及固态石墨化机理、石墨化退火工艺的影响和各种元素对固态石墨化的影响。.......................................................131.6.5固态石墨化机理.................................................152铁素体可锻铸铁（黑心）的退火.......................................162.1试样的化学成份...................................................162.1.1碳、硅含量.....................................................162.1.2锰、硫、磷含量.................................................172.2可锻铸铁的退火...................................................172.2.1退火前的化学成份及金相组织.....................................17