游梁式抽油机的优化设计.doc

1辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计论文游梁式抽油机的优化设计摘要游梁式抽油机的优化方案的可信与否,主要取决于建立数学模型的准确性.设计变量,目标函数,约束条件是数学模型的三要素.选取目标函数约束条件不同,优化结果也不同。抽油机所受载荷比较特殊,很难建立单一函数取得最优解。论文通过上冲程最大扭矩因数,上冲程悬点最大加速度,曲柄均方根扭矩最小化,平衡率极大化,交变载荷系数接近1为目标，综合进行了优化。各目标虽然相关,但不适合用加权法构造统一目标。优化策略是分别采用以上冲程maxTF,maxa单目标分别求极小值,其余目标综合判优的方法,以求得全局最优解。本优化设计是具有5个设计变量,15个约束条件的多目标优化问题。操作时选用了扭矩因数,悬点加速度单目标自动寻优,在多个较优解中,按统一模型示功图人工决策均方根扭矩最小、平衡效果最好、交变载荷系数尽量接近1的全局最优解的优化策略。在选取约束条件时,尽量取消一些不起作用的约束,以提高运算效率,对于异相型抽油机选用了15个约束条件(含一个等式约束)可满足设计要求。关键词：游梁式抽油机，优化，悬点最大加速度,曲柄均方根扭矩。2AbstractBeampumpingunitoptimizationsthecredibilityoftheprogramdependsontheaccuracyofthemathematicalmodel.Designvariables,theobjectivefunctionandconstraintsofamathematicalmodelarethethreeelements.Choosingthedifferenttargetsoffunctionsinconstraintconditions,optimizationresultsaredifferent.Pumpsloadisratherspecial.Itisverydifficulttoestablishasinglefunctionobtainingtheoptimalsolution.Theauthorgoesthroughtheabove-strokemaximummomentoftorsion,hangingonthestrokemaximumacceleration,Cranklordminimumtorsion,theaveragemaximumefficiency,alternatingloadgoalscloseto1.Althoughtheobjectivesarerelevant,itdoesnotapplytotheweightedmethodofconstructingthegoalofreunification.SousingmaxTFandmaxahavetogetsingletargetinthemselves,theremaininggoalsgetabetterintegratedapproachtoachievetheglobalsolutiontotheoptimaldesignpumpingunitinfivedesignvariables,15conditionsformulti-objectiveoptimizationproblem.Inoperation,Ichoosethetorquefactor,Suspendedpointaccelerationsingleobjectiveoptimizationautomatically,inanumberofoptimumsolution,astoauniformmodeldiagramartificialdecisionfortheminimumtorsion,thebestbalance,variableloadfactorascloseto1,whichispossibletoanoptimalsolutiontotheoverallsituationoftheoptimalstrategy.Whenselectingconstraints,wedoour3besttocancelsomenon-functionalconstraints,toimprovetheefficiencyofoperation。Specialmodelpumpingunitcanchoose15bindingconditions(includinganequalityconstraint)whichcouldmeetthedesignrequiring.KeyWords：Beampumpingunit，optimization,theabove-strokemaximummomentoftorsion,hangingonthestrokemaximumacceleration4目录前言61抽油机的工作原理61.1常规型游梁式抽油机71.2异相型游梁式抽油机71.3抽油机的类型81.4综述抽油机国内、外技术发展概况92优化方法概论112.1一维搜索法122.1.10.618法132.1.2二次插值法(抛物线法)162.2无约束优化方法202.2.1概述202.2.2DFP法242.3约束优化方法262.3.1概述262.3.2惩罚函数法302.3.3内点法312.3.4外点法342.3.5混合法36