外文翻译---用于塑料注射模具设计和生产的自动基准尺寸 英文.pdf

DOI101007/S0017000423742ORIGINALARTICLEINTJADVMANUFTECHNOL200628370–378CLLIKMYUYHLEEAUTOMATICDATUMDIMENSIONINGFORPLASTICINJECTIONMOULDDESIGNANDMANUFACTURINGRECEIVED7MAY2004/ACCEPTED10AUGUST2004/PUBLISHEDONLINE20APRIL2005SPRINGERVERLAGLONDONLIMITED2005ABSTRACTDATUMDIMENSIONINGORORDINATEDIMENSIONINGTECHNIQUEISVERYPOPULARINPLASTICINJECTIONMOULDDRAWINGSWHERETHELOCATIONDIMENSIONSOFALARGENUMBEROFHOLEFEATURESMUSTBESPECIFIEDINTHEDRAWINGSOFTHEMOULDPLATESALTHOUGHCOMMERCIALCAD/CAMSYSTEMSPROVIDESEMIAUTOMATICTOOLSTOASSISTTHEDESIGNERINTHEDIMENSIONINGPROCESS,ITISSTILLAVERYTEDIOUSPROCESS,ASTHEUSERHASTOSPECIFYTHELOCATIONOFEACHDIMENSIONTAGTHISPAPERREPORTSACOMPLETELYAUTOMATICMETHODWHEREOPTIMALPLACEMENTSOFTHEDIMENSIONTAGSCANBEDETERMINEDTHEMETHODEMPLOYSDYNAMICPROGRAMMINGTECHNIQUETOOPTIMIZETHEDIMENSIONPROCESSWITHRESPECTTOSEVERALCRITERIATHATCANBESELECTEDBYTHEUSERTHEMETHODHASBEENIMPLEMENTEDANDINCORPORATEDINTOACOMMERCIALCAD/CAMSYSTEM,ANDEXAMPLESAREGIVENTOILLUSTRATETHEIMPORTANTFEATURESOFTHEPROGRAMKEYWORDSAUTOMATICDIMENSIONINGDATUMDIMENSIONINGDYNAMICPROGRAMMINGOPTIMALDIMENSIONINGORDINATEDIMENSIONING1INTRODUCTIONCAD/CAMSYSTEMSARENOWWIDELYUSEDINTHEPLASTICINJECTIONMOULDMAKINGINDUSTRYMANYCOMPANIESAREUSINGASOLIDMODELINGSYSTEMTODESIGNTHEINJECTIONMOULDTHEYUSEACADSYSTEMTOMODELNOTONLYTHECOREANDCAVITYINSERTSOFTHEMOULDWHICHARETHEMOSTIMPORTANTCOMPONENTSTHATFORMTHEIMPRESSIONOFTHEMOULD,BUTALSOALLOTHERCOMPONENTSINTHECLLIA117YHLEEDEPARTMENTOFMANUFACTURINGENGINEERINGANDENGINEERINGMANAGEMENT,CITYUNIVERSITYOFHONGKONG,TATCHEEAVENUE,KOWLOON,HONGKONGEMAILMECLLICITYUEDUHKTEL85227888432FAX85227888423KMYUDEPARTMENTOFINDUSTRIALANDSYSTEMSENGINEERING,THEHONGKONGPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITYENTIREMOULDASSEMBLYWITHTHEADVANCEININTERNETTECHNOLOGYANDTHERECENTDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNETENABLEDCAD,THEDESIGNINFORMATIONOFTHEINJECTIONMOULDCANBECOMMUNICATEDELECTRONICALLYBETWEENTHEPRODUCTENGINEERWHODESIGNSTHEPLASTICPARTANDTHETOOLINGENGINEERWHODESIGNSTHEINJECTIONMOULD,EVENTHOUGHTHEYMAYBELOCATEDINDIFFERENTGEOGRAPHICREGIONSOFTHEWORLDWHILEFLOWOFDESIGNINFORMATIONBETWEENPRODUCTDESIGNANDTOOLINGDESIGNARECOMMUNICATEDEFFECTIVELYTHROUGHANELECTRONICMEANS,THECOMMUNICATIONOFMANUFACTURINGINFORMATIONTOTHESHOPFLOORISDONEBYBOTHELECTRONICANDTRADITIONALTECHNIQUESCOMPUTERNUMERICALCONTROLCNCMACHININGTOOLPATHORINSPECTIONINSTRUCTIONSCANBEGENERATEDDIRECTLYFROMTHECAD/CAMSYSTEMANDDOWNLOADEDTHROUGHANETWORKTOTHECNCCONTROLLERFORTHEMACHININGORINSPECTIONOPERATIONSHOWEVER,SETUPINSTRUCTIONSFORAPARTICULARMACHININGJOBMAYBESPECIFIEDINANENGINEERINGDRAWINGMOREOVER,NOTALLMACHININGTASKSAREDONEUSINGCNCMACHINETOOLSSOMETRADITIONALMACHININGPROCESSES,SUCHASDRILLINGANDGRINDING,AREDONEUSINGCONVENTIONALMACHINETOOLSBECAUSEOFCOSTCONSIDERATIONCONVENTIONALENGINEERINGDRAWINGSARETHUSSTILLPLAYINGANIMPORTANTROLEINCOMMUNICATINGENGINEERINGINFORMATIONTOTHESHOPFLOORTHEORTHOGRAPHICPROJECTIONSINENGINEERINGDRAWINGSCANBEGENERATEDAUTOMATICALLYFROMTHECADMODELOFTHEPARTSAUTOMATICTOOLSFORDIMENSIONINGOFTHEPARTSAREALSOPROVIDEDBYMANYCOMMERCIALCADSYSTEMSHOWEVER,ASPOINTEDOUTBYCHENETAL1,THOSEAUTOMATICDIMENSIONINGTOOLSARENOTABLETOGENERATEDIMENSIONSACCORDINGTOTHEDRAWINGSTANDARDSANDENGINEERINGPRACTICESADOPTEDINTHESHOPFLOORINTHESPECIFICAPPLICATIONOFINJECTIONMOULDDESIGN,DATUMDIMENSIONINGORORDINATEDIMENSIONINGOFHOLEFEATURESAREUSEDEXTENSIVELYFIGURE1SHOWSATYPICALDETAILDRAWINGTHATCANBEFOUNDONTHESHOPFLOOROFAMOULDMAKINGCOMPANYSHOWNINTHEFIGUREARETHEHOLEFEATURESANDDATUMDIMENSIONSWHICHAREUSEDTOSPECIFYTHELOCATIONSOFTHEHOLESITCANBESEENTHATTHEDIMENSIONSAREVERYCROWDEDANDITISATEDIOUSTASKTOMANUALLYADJUSTTHEPLACEMENTOFALLTHEDATUMDIMENSIONSTHEQUALITYOFTHEFINALFULLYDIMENSIONEDDRAWINGTHUSDEPENDSVERYMUCHONTHEEXPERIENCEOFTHEDRAFTSMANWHOPRODUCESTHEDRAWINGTHEPURPOSEOFTHISRESEARCHISTODEVELOPATOOLTHATCAN371FIG1USEOFDATUMDIMENSIONINGINADRAWINGOFAPLASTICINJECTIONMOULDPARTGENERATETHEDATUMDIMENSIONSAUTOMATICALLYFROMAGIVENPARTOFTHEINJECTIONMOULDTHERESULTINGDIMENSIONSMUSTSATISFYTWOOBVIOUSREQUIREMENTSFIRST,THATNOTWODIMENSIONTAGSMAYOVERLAP；ANDSECOND,THATADIMENSIONTAGBEPLACEDASCLOSEASPOSSIBLETOTHEFEATUREBEINGDIMENSIONEDTHEKEYISSUEINTHISRESEARCHISTODEVELOPAMETHODTHATCANOPTIMIZETHEPLACEMENTOFTHEDATUMDIMENSIONS2RELATEDWORKWHILEDIMENSIONINGANDTOLERANCINGARETWOCLOSELYRELATEDPROCESSESINSPECIFYINGTHESIZEANDLOCATIONINFORMATIONOFTHEFEATURESINAMECHANICALPARTORANASSEMBLY,MOSTOFTHEPASTRESEARCHWORKHASFOCUSEDONTOLERANCINGTHEMAJORRESEARCHISSUESINTOLERANCINGAREREPRESENTATION,ANALYSISANDSYNTHESISTOLERANCINGREPRESENTATIONISCONCERNEDWITHTHEINCORPORATIONOFTOLERANCEINFORMATIONINTOAPRODUCTMODELINGSCHEMEEXAMPLESINCLUDETHESOLIDOFFSETAPPROACHDEVELOPEDBYREQUICHA2,THEFEASIBILITYSPACEAPPROACHPROPOSEDBYTURNER3,ANDTHETTRSBYDESROCHERSANDCLEMENT4MOREDETAILEDREVIEWCANBEFOUNDINROYETAL5ANDYUETAL6TOLERANCEANALYSISAIMSTODETERMINETHECOMBINEDEFFECTOFPARTTOLERANCESONTHEASSEMBLYTOLERANCEITCANBEUSEDTOVERIFYTHEFUNCTIONALITYOFADESIGNGIVENKNOWNORASSUMEDVARIATIONSOFINDIVIDUALPARTDIMENSIONSEXAMPLESOFTECHNIQUEINTOLERANCEANALYSISINCLUDEMONTECARLOSIMULATION7ANDTHEDIRECTLINEARIZATIONMETHOD8THEMAINOBJECTIVEOFTOLERANCESYNTHESISORTOLERANCEALLOCATIONISTOALLOCATEPARTTOLERANCESBASEDONGIVENFUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTSOFTHEASSEMBLYRECENTLY,ISLAM9REPORTEDACONCURRENTENGINEERINGAPPROACHTOADDRESSTHISPROBLEMBASEDONASYSTEMICANALYSISOFTHEFUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTSFROMDIFFERENTCUSTOMERREQUIREMENTSANDTHETECHNICALREQUIREMENTSFROMENGINEERINGCONSIDERATIONS,AMETHODOLOGYFOREXTRACTINGDIMENSIONALREQUIREMENTSISDEVELOPEDASOFTWAREPROTOTYPEFDT10ISALSODEVELOPEDFORSUPPORTINGTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEMETHODOLOGYFDTPROVIDESTOOLSFORREPRESENTINGTHEFUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTS,DIMENSIONS,TOLERANCESANDPROCESSCAPABILITYINTOAFUNCTIONALREQUIREMENT/DIMENSIONSMATRIXTHEFUNCTIONALEQUATIONSCAPTUREDINTHEMATRIXARETHENSEPARATEDINTOGROUPS,ANDEACHGROUPISTHENSOLVEDUSINGASOLUTIONSTRATEGYSPECIFICTOTHEFUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTANDTHETOLERANCINGPROBLEMINVOLVEDMOREDETAILEDREVIEWINTOLERANCEANALYSISANDSYNTHESISCANBEFOUNDINROYETAL5,NGOIANDONG11ANDHONGANDCHANG12SEVERALMETHODSHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDFORGENERATINGDIMENSIONSAUTOMATICALLYFROMTHECADMODELOFAPARTYUENETAL13REPORTEDANEARLYATTEMPTINAUTOMATICDIMENSIONINGOFPARTSREPRESENTEDINCONSTRUCTIVESOLIDGEOMETRYCSGSOLIDMODELINGTECHNIQUEPOINTSFROMPLANARFACESANDAXESOFCYLINDERSAREEXTRACTEDFROMTHESOLIDMODELTHECOORDINATESOFTHEPOINTSAREARRANGEDINATREESTRUCTURETOGENERATELINEARDIMENSIONSINTHETHREEPRINCIPALDIRECTIONSASIMPLETECHNIQUEFORDIAMETRICANDRADIALDIMENSIONSWASALSOREPORTEDOTHEREARLYWORKSINAUTOMATICDIMENSIONINGHAVEBEENSUMMARIZEDBYYUETAL6RECENTLY,CHENETAL1,14REPORTEDAMOREINDEPTHSTUDYOFAUTOMATICDIMENSIONINGTHEIRMETHODANALYZEDDIMENSIONREDUNDANCY,DETERMINEDDIMENSIONINGSCHEMESTHATARESPECIFICTOFEATUREPATTERNS,SELECTEDAPPROPRIATEVIEWSFORSPECIFYINGTHEDIMENSION,ANDDETERMINEDTHEAPPROPRIATELOCATIONOFTHEDIMENSIONUSINGANEXPERTSYSTEMAPPROACH15THEEXPERTSYSTEMANALYSESTHEGEOMETRYANDTOPOLOGYOFTHEFEATURETOBEDIMENSIONED,ANDDETERMINEDAPOSITIONFORPLACINGTHEDIMENSIONBASEDONASETOFRULESTHATISRELEVANTTOTHECURRENTDIMENSIONINGFEATUREWITHTHEPLACEMENTOFONEDIMENSION,AFORBIDDENREGIONISCONSTRUCTEDSOTHATALLSUBSEQUENTDIMENSIONSWILLNOTBEPLACEDINTHISREGIONTHISAVOIDSOVERLAPORINTERSECTIONBETWEENTWODIMENSIONS372ALIMITATIONINTHEEXISTINGAPPROACHFORTHEPLACEMENTOFTHEDIMENSIONISDUETOTHESEQUENTIALNATUREOFTHEMETHODFOREXAMPLE,INCHEN’S1,14METHODTHEFEATURESTOBEDIMENSIONEDAREPRIORITIZED,ANDTHEPOSITIONSOFTHEDIMENSIONSAREDETERMINEDONEAFTERANOTHERTHEAPPROACHISNOTAPPROPRIATEFORDETERMININGTHEPLACEMENTOFDATUMDIMENSIONS,ESPECIALLYWHENTHEDIMENSIONSAREVERYCROWDED,ASINTHECASEOFINJECTIONMOULDPLATESTHISISBECAUSETHEPLACEMENTOFONEDATUMDIMENSIONMAYHAVEANEFFECTONTHEPLACEMENTOFANOTHERDIMENSIONTHATMAYBELOCATEDFARAWAYFROMTHECURRENTDIMENSIONTHISPAPERREPORTSOURWORKINSOLVINGTHEPLACEMENTPROBLEMINDATUMDIMENSIONINGTHEMAJORCONTRIBUTIONOFOURWORKISTHEDEVELOPMENTOFANEWMETHODTHATDETERMINESTHEOPTIMALPLACEMENTOFEACHDATUMDIMENSIONUSINGTHEDYNAMICPROGRAMMINGAPPROACHTOOPTIMIZATION,THISNEWMETHODOVERCOMESTHELIMITATIONOFTHESEQUENTIALAPPROACHUSEDINTHEEXISTINGMETHOD3BASICCHARACTERISTICOFDATUMDIMENSIONINGINDATUMDIMENSIONING,THELOCATIONOFAFEATUREISSPECIFIEDBYTHEHORIZONTALANDVERTICALDISTANCESFROMTHEREFERENCELOCATIONOFTHEFEATUREANDAREFERENCEDATUMTHEDEFAULTFORMOFDATUMDIMENSIONISSHOWNINFIG2AWHENTHEVERTICALDISTANCEBETWEENTWOFEATURESTOBEDIMENSIONEDISLESSTHANTHEDIMENSIONTAGSIZEIETHESUMOFTHEDIMENSIONTEXTHEIGHTANDTHEMINIMUMSPACINGBETWEENADJACENTDIMENSIONTEXTS,FIG2BASICCHARACTERISTICSOFDATUMDIMENSIONINGTHEALTERNATIVEFORMSSHOWNINFIG2BAREREQUIRED1THEDIMENSIONTAGSARESHIFTEDUPWARDORDOWNWARDFROMTHEDEFAULTLOCATIONTOPREVENTOVERLAPASSHOWNINFIG2C,THESHIFTINGOFTHEDIMENSIONTAGISACHIEVEDBYBREAKINGTHESINGLEEXTENSIONLINEOFTHEDIMENSIONINTOTHREESEGMENTSTWOHORIZONTALSEGMENTSWHICHARECONNECTEDBYONEINCLINEDSEGMENTTHEEXTENTTOWHICHADIMENSIONTAGCANBESHIFTEDISGOVERNEDBYTHREEPARAMETERSITHEDOGLEGANGLEΑ,WHICHISTHEANGLEBETWEENTHEINCLINEDSEGMENTANDTHEHORIZONTALSEGMENTSOFTHEDIMENSIONLINE；IITHEMARGINDISTANCEMBETWEENTHEDIMENSIONTEXTANDTHEPARTBOUNDARY；ANDIIITHELOCATIONXFI,YFIOFTHEFEATUREFITHETWOEXTREMEPOSITIONSIETHEUPPERMOSTPOSITIONYMAXIANDLOWERMOSTPOSITIONYMINIOFTHEDIMENSIONTAGAREGIVENBYYMAXIYFIXFIMTANΑYMINIYFI−XFIMTANΑ14AUTOMATICDATUMDIMENSIONTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHEAUTOMATICDATUMDIMENSIONINGSYSTEMISTOFINDANOPTIMALPOSITIONFOREACHDATUMDIMENSIONTHEPROCESSCONSISTSOFTWOPHASESOFOPERATIONTHEPREPARATIONPHASEANDTHEOPTIMIZATIONPHASEINTHEPREPARATIONPHASE,MAJORPARAMETERSTHATFACILITATETHEOPTIMIZATIONPROCESSWILLBEESTABLISHEDFEASIBILITYFORPLACINGTHEDIMENSIONSFORALLTHEFEATURESUSINGTHEGIVENDOGLEGANGLE,MARGINOFFSETANDDIMENSIONTAGSIZEWILLALSOBETESTEDINTHEOPTIMIZATIONPHASE,ADYNAMICPROGRAMMINGAPPROACHISUSEDTHEDIMENSIONTAGLOCATIONSCANBEOPTIMIZEDWITHRESPECTTODIFFERENTSETSOFCRITERIA,INCLUDINGTHEMINIMIZATIONOFTHESHIFTOFEVERYDIMENSIONFROMTHEIRDEFAULTLOCATIONS,ORMAXIMIZATIONOFTHEUSEOFTHEDEFAULTFORMASMUCHASPOSSIBLE41THEPREPARATIONPHASETHEFEATURESTOBEDIMENSIONEDAREFIRSTGROUPEDINTOONEORMOREFEATURESETSFOREACHFEATUREINAFEATURESET,THEREEXISTATLEASTONEOTHERFEATUREINTHESETSUCHTHATTHEVERTICALDISTANCEBETWEENTHEMISLESSTHANTHEDIMENSIONTAGSIZEINOTHERWORDS,THEFEATURESINAFEATURESETCANNOTBEDIMENSIONEDUSINGTHEDEFAULTFORMEXCLUSIVELYWITHOUTOVERLAPBETWEENADJACENTDIMENSIONTAGSINSTEAD,ATMO