外文翻译--带有只读存储器的单片机集成电路.doc

MICROCONTROLLERINTEGRATEDCIRCUITWITHREADONLYMEMORYMICROCONTROLLERINTEGRATEDCIRCUITCOMPRISESAPROCESSORCOREWHICHEXCHANGESDATAWITHATLEASTONEDATAPROCESSINGANDSTORAGEDEVICETHEINTEGRATEDCIRCUITCOMPRISESAMASKPROGRAMMEDREADONLYMEMORYCONTAININGAGENERICPROGRAMSUCHASATESTPROGRAMWHICHCANBEEXECUTEDBYTHEMICROCONTROLLERTHEGENETICPROGRAMINCLUDESABASICFUNCTIONFORWRITINGDATAINTOTHEDATAPROGRESSINGORSTORAGEDEVICEORDEVICESTHEWRITEFUNCTIONISUSEDTOLOADADOWNLOADINGPROGRAMBECAUSEADOWNLOADINGPROGRAMISNOTPERMANENTLYSTOREDINTHEREADONLYMEMORY,THEMICROCONTROLLERCANBETESTEDINDEPENDENTLYOFTHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAM,ANDREMAINSSTANDARDWITHREGARDTOTHETYPEOFMEMORYCOMPONENTWITHWHICHITCANBEUSEDINASYSTEMTOBEMOREPRECISE,THEINVENTIONCONCERNSAMICROCONTROLLERINTEGRATEDCIRCUITAMICROCONTROLLERISUSUALLYAVLSIVERYLARGESCALEINTEGRATIONINTEGRATEDCIRCUITCONTAININGALLORMOSTOFTHECOMPONENTSOFACOMPUTERITSFUNCTIONISNOTPREDEFINEDBUTDEPENDSONTHEPROGRAMTHATITEXECUTESAMICROCONTROLLERNECESSARILYCOMPRISESAPROCESSORCOREINCLUDINGACOMMANDSEQUENCERWHICHISADEVICEDISTRIBUTINGVARIOUSCONTROLSIGNALSTOTHEINSTRUCTIONSOFAPROGRAM,ANARITHMETICANDLOGICUNITFORPROCESSINGTHEDATAANDREGISTERSWHICHARESPECIALIZEDMEMORYUNITSTHEOTHERCOMPONENTSOFTHECOMPUTERCANBEEITHERINTERNALOREXTERNALTOTHEMICROCONTROLLER,HOWEVERINOTHERWORDS,THEOTHERCOMPONENTSAREINTEGRATEDINTOEITHERTHEMICROCONTROLLERORAUXILIARYCIRCUITSTHESEOTHERCOMPONENTSOFTHECOMPUTERAREDATAPROCESSINGANDSTORAGEDEVICES,FOREXAMPLEREADONLYORRANDOMACCESSMEMORYCONTAININGTHEPROGRAMTOBEEXECUTED,CLOCKSANDINTERFACESSERIALORPARALLELASAGENERALRULE,ASYSTEMBASEDONAMICROCONTROLLERTHEREFORECOMPRISESAMICROCHIPCONTAININGTHEMICROCONTROLLER,ANDAPLURALITYOFMICROCHIPSCONTAININGTHEEXTERNALDATAPROCESSINGANDSTORAGEDEVICESWHICHARENOTINTEGRATEDINTOTHEMICROCONTROLLERAMICROCONTROLLERBASEDSYSTEMOFTHISKINDCOMPRISES,FOREXAMPLE,ONEORMOREPRINTEDCIRCUITBOARDSONWHICHTHEMICROCONTROLLERANDTHEOTHERCOMPONENTSAREMOUNTEDITISTHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAM,IETHEPROGRAMWHICHISEXECUTEDBYTHEMICROCONTROLLER,WHICHDETERMINESTHEOVERALLOPERATIONOFTHEMICROCONTROLLERSYSTEMEACHAPPLICATIONPROGRAMISTHEREFORESPECIFICTOASEPARATEAPPLICATIONINMOSTCURRENTAPPLICATIONSTHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAMISTOOLARGETOBEHELDINTHEMICROCONTROLLERANDISTHEREFORESTOREDINAMEMORYEXTERNALTOTHEMICROCONTROLLERTHISPROGRAMMEMORY,WHICHHASONLYTOBEREAD,NOTWRITTEN,ISGENERALLYAREPROGRAMMABLEREADONLYMEMORYREPROMAFTERTHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAMHASBEENPROGRAMMEDINMEMORYANDTHENSTARTEDINORDERTOBEEXECUTEDBYTHEMICROCONTROLLER,THEMICROCONTROLLERSYSTEMMAYNOTFUNCTIONASEXPECTEDINTHELASTUNFAVORABLESITUATIONTHISISAMINORDYSFUNCTIONOFTHESYSTEMANDTHEMICROCONTROLLERISSTILLABLETODIALOGWITHATESTSTATIONVIAASERIALORPARALLELINTERFACETHISTESTSTATIONISTHENABLETODETERMINTHENATUREOFTHEPROBLEMANDINDICATESPRECISELYTHETYPEOFCORRECTIONSOFTWAREANDPHYSICALTOBEAPPLIEDTOTHESYSTEMFORITTOOPERATECORRECTLYUNFORTUNATELY,MOSTDYSFUNCTIONSOFMICROCONTROLLERBASEDSYSTEMRESULTINATOTALSYSTEMLOCKUP,PREVENTINGANYDIALOGWITHATESTSTATIONITISTHENIMPOSSIBLETODETERMINETHETYPEOFFAULT,IEWHETHERITISAPHYSICALFAULTINTHEMICROCONTROLLERITSELF,INANEXTERNALREADONLYMEMORY,INAPERIPHERALDEVICE,ONABUS,ETCORASOFTWAREFAULTIEANERRORINTHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAMTHETROUBLESHOOTINGTECHNIQUEUSUALLYEMPLOYEDINTHESECASESOFTOTALLOCKUPISBASEDONTHEUSEOFSOPHISTICATEDTESTDEVICESREQUIRINGTHEAPPLICATIONOFPROBESTOTHEPINSOFTHEVARIOUSINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSOFTHEMICROCONTROLLERBASEDSYSTEMUNDERTESTTHEREAREVARIOUSPROBLEMSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEUSEOFSUCHTESTDEVICESFORTROUBLESHOOTINGAMICROCONTROLLERBASEDSYSTEMTHEPROBESUSEDINTHESETESTDEVICESAREVERYFRAGILE,DIFFICULTTOAPPLYBECAUSEOFTHESMALLSIZEOFTHECIRCUITANDTHEIRCLOSEPACKING,ANDMAYNOTMAKEGOODCONTACTWITHTHECIRCUITALSO,BECAUSEOFTHEIRHIGHCOST,THESETESTDEVICESARENOTMASSPRODUCEDCONSEQUENTLY,FAULTYMICROCONTROLLERBASEDSYSTEMSCANNOTBEREPAIREDIMMEDIATELY,WHEREVERTHEYHAPPENTOBELOCATEDATTHETIME,BUTMUSTFIRSTBERETURNEDTOAPLACEWHEREATESTDEVICEISAVAILABLETROUBLESHOOTINGAMICROCONTROLLERBASEDSYSTEMINTHISWAYISTIMECONSUMING,IRKSOMEANDCOSTLYTOAVOIDTHENEEDFORDIRECTACTIONONTHEMICROCONTROLLERBASEDSYSTEMEACHTIMETHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAMEXECUTEDBYTHEMICROCONTROLLEROFTHESYSTEMISCHANGED,ITISSTANDARDPRACTICETOUSEADOWNLOADABLEREADONLYMEMORYTOSTORETHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAM,ALOADINGPROGRAMBEINGWRITTENINTOAMASKPROGRAMMEDREADONLYMEMORYOFTHEMICROCONTROLLERTHEMASKPROGRAMMEDREADONLYMEMORYOFTHEMICROCONTROLLERISINTEGRATEDINTOTHEMICROCONTROLLERANDPROGRAMMEDONCEANDFORALLDURINGMANUFACTUREOFTHEMICROCONTROLLERTOCHANGETHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAMTHEMICROCONTROLLERISRESETBYRUNNINGTHEDOWNLOADINGPROGRAMTHISDOWNLOADINGPROGRAMCANTHENCOMMUNICATEWITHAWORKSTATIONCONNECTEDTOTHEMICROCONTROLLERBYANAPPROPRIATETRANSMISSIONLINE,THISWORKSTATIONTHENEWAPPLICATIONPROGRAMTOBEWRITTENINTOTHEMICROCONTROLLERTHEDOWNLOADINGPROGRAMRECEIVESTHENEWAPPLICATIONPROGRAMANDLOADSITINTOAREADONLYMEMORYEXTERNALTOTHEMICROCONTROLLERALTHOUGHTHISSOLUTIONAVOIDSTHENEEDFORDIRECTACTIONONTHEMICROCONTROLLERBASEDSYSTEMWHICHWOULDENTAILREMOVINGFROMTHESYSTEMTHEREPROGRAMMABLEREADONLYMEMORIESCONTAININGTHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAM,WRITINGINTOTHESEMEMORIESTHENEWAPPLICATIONPROGRAMUSINGANAPPROPRIATEPROGRAMMINGDEVICEANDTHENREPLACINGTHEMINTH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