外文翻译--现代交流调速系统的类型.doc

附录附录A中英文参考文献此英文文献摘自参考文献DonescuV,CharetteA,YaoZ,etal.ModelingandsimulationofSaturatedinductionmotorsinphasequantitiesJ.IEEETrans.OnEnergyConversion,1999，143386393..ModerntypeofACDriveSystemExchangeintoamodernACmotorspeedcontrolsystem,powerelectronicpowerconverters,controllersandfourmajordetectorcomponents.InaccordancewiththeobjectofdifferenttypesofACmotor,speedofmoderncommunicationsystemscanbedividedintoinductionmotorandsynchronousmotordrives.Hereareintroducedthesystemofinductionmotor.1.1inductionmotorspeedcontrolsystemofthebasictypesofBytheinductionmotorworkingprinciple,wecanseethatfromthestatorintoelectromagneticpowercanbedividedintotwopartsmp1sMpistheeffectivepowerloaddraganotherpartofthedeteriorationofqualityofpowerspsMpandsisproportionaltoslip.Howtodealwithdeteriorationofqualityofpowerisconsumedorfeedbacktothegrid,andmeasurablesystemofinductionmotorefficiency.Thereforebypoorpowertothedifferenttreatmentofmoderninductionmotorcanbedividedintothreetypesofspeedcontrolsystem.1powerconsumptionanddeteriorationofqualitybasedspeedcontrolsystemPoorpowerswitchareconvertedtotheformofcaloriesconsumed.ThyristorSurgespeedfallintothiscategory.Intheinductionmotorspeedcontrolsystem,theminimumefficiencyofsuchsystemsistoincreasepowerconsumptionanddeteriorationofqualityinexchangeforthecostoflowerspeed.2topoorpowerfeedbackbasedspeedcontrolsystemTodeterioratetoasmallportionofpowerconsumedbythemajorityofvariableflowcontroldevicestothepowergridfeedback.Lowerspeed,morepowertorepay.Woundcascadeinductionmotorspeedanddoublyfedfallintothiscategory.3todeterioratetothesamepowerbasedspeedcontrolsystemAnddeteriorationofqualityofpowerintherotorpartoftheconsumptionofcopperlossisinevitable,butinsuchsystems,bothhighandlowspeed,powerconsumptionanddeteriorationofqualityisessentiallythesame,thereforehighefficiency.VVVFfallintothiscategory.ACDriveSystemiscurrentlyin,theapplicationofamaximumofVVVF,themostextensive,canconstituteahighdynamicperformanceofACDriveSystemtoreplacetheDCdrive.1.2ACspeedcontrolsystemofmoderndevelopmenttrendsanddevelopmentsLookingatthespeedofdevelopmentoftheexchangeprocessandthestatusquo,wecanseethatspeedofmoderncommunicationtechnologytrendsandfuturedevelopmenttrends.1toreplacetheDCdrivesystemforthepurposeofexchangeofhighperformancespeedcontrolsystemforfurtherresearchanddevelopment2thenewpowerconvertertopologyoftheresearchanddevelopment3PWMmodeofimprovementandoptimization4mediumvoltagevariablefrequencydeviceresearchandtechnologydevelopment.1.2.1ControlconceptsandcontroltechnologyresearchanddevelopmentApplicationofmorethanadecadeshowthatthetheoryofvectorcontrolandotherapplicationofcontroltheoryhasyettobegovernorwiththedevelopmentoftheexchangecontinuedtoberefined,soastofurtherenhancetheexchangeofthecontrolperformancespeedcontrolsystem.Variouscontrolstructuresarebasedonmathematicalmodeloftheobject,therefore,inordertoestablishareasonableexchangeofspeedcontrolsystemapplicabletothecontrolstructure,needtoexchangethemotormathematicalmodelofthenature,characteristicsandtheinherentlawofindepthstudyanddiscussion.ACDriveSysteminparticular,thesynthesisandcalibrationmethodsofthetheoryandengineeringdesignoffutureACDriveSystemisanimportantresearchtopic.Bytherotorfluxorientedinductionmotorvectorcontrolsystemtoachievetheexcitationcurrentandtorquecurrentfulldecoupling,themathematicalmodelandtheDCtorquemotortorqueexactlythesamemodel.However,theestimatedrotorparametersandparameterchangesdonotaffecttheaccuracyofdirectionalcoordinatesoftheoffsetcausedbyaproblemwhichhasnotreallysolvetheproblemathomeandabroad,sotherotorparameteridentificationandparameterchangesforthefutureoftheadaptivecontrolofthecriticalstudyofvectorcontrolissues.Inrecentyears,donotrelyontheelectricalmodeloffuzzyselfoptimizingcontrol,suchasartificialneuralnetworkintelligentcontrolmethodhasbeenintroducedtotheACDrivesystem,asagovernortocontroltheexchangetheory,controltechnologyresearchanddevelopmentofnewdirections.DirectTorqueControltechnologypracticeintheapplicationofcontinuousimprovementandupgradingofthemaindirectionofitsresearchtoaddresslowspeedmotorfluxparametersontheimpactoftrajectorytofurtherimprovethecontroloflowspeedperformance,thescopeoftheexpansionspeed.Cancellationthroughthemechanicalconnectionofthetachometergeneratorandothergunsensor,Speedsensorhardwarerealizationofaspeedcontrolsystemoftheexchangeoftheirownapplications,buttheaccuracyandspeedoftheprojectedrealtimecontroltobefurtherindepthresearchanddevelopment.1.2.2PWMmodetoimprovethestudyandoptimizationInrecentyears,withtheemergenceofmediumvoltageinverter,thevoltagespacevectorPWMcontrolmodetoimproveandoptimizetheresearch,whichtoresolvethethreelevelmediumvoltageinvertermidpointvoltageoffsetissues,studiedthesynthesisofvoltagevectorPWMmodenooffsetvoltageatthemidpointofthelongvectorandshortvector,acombinationofzerovector,hasbeenmadewithresearchresultsofpracticalvalueformultilevelcascadeinvertervoltagepulsephaseshiftPWMtechniqueownapplication.Mediumvoltagefrequencyconverter1.2.3ResearchandDevelopmentMediumvoltagereferstovoltagelevelsforthe230010000V,inhighpowermeansthepowerlevelinmorethan300kW.Mediumvoltage,highcapacityresearchanddevelopmentofACDriveSystemhasbeeninpracticeformorethan20yearshavegraduallyembarkedonthepracticalapplicationstage,inparticular,highpressurefullcontrolledpowerdeviceshavebeenintheapplicationofpressuretransducerrapidlyaccelerated.Amongthem,thecurrentapplicationismoreIGBT,IGCTmediumvoltagethreelevelcascadeinverterandmultilevelmediumvoltageTransformer.TodaysmultilevelmediumvoltageACinverterspeedcontrolhasbecomeanewfieldofstudyisoneofhottopicsinthepressuretransducerandthedirectionoffuturedevelopmentofresearchtopicsare1technicalaspectsofsafetydevicesareinseriespowerdevicetechnology,triggeringtechnology,isolationtechnology,insulationtechnology,theprotectionoftechnology,remotecontrolandcommunicationtechnology,electromagneticcompatibility,harmonicsuppressiontechnology.2controltechnologieswillbethevectorcontroltechnology,theintroductionofdirecttorquecontrolofpressuretransducertechnology,aswellasresearchanddevelopmentformediumvoltagePWMinvertertechnology.3thedevelopmentofmediumvoltagefrequencyconverterbythevoltagelevelofpowerelectronicdevicesarenotrestricted.Atpresent,theUnitedStatesCreeInc.,GermanysSiemens,Toshiba,aswellasEuropeancompaniessuchasABBmoneyintothedevelopmentofasiliconcarbideSicpowerelectronicdevices,thePNjunctionvoltageupto10kVlevelandaboveisexpectedthenext10years,SiCdeviceswillbeabreakthroughinthedevelopmentofanewgenerationofmediumvoltagefrequencyconvertertothebirthattendant.ThinkingofvectorcontroltechnologyMathematicalmodelofasynchronousmotorisahighend,nonlinear,strongcouplingmultivariablesystem,throughthecoordinatetransformationthatallowstheReductionandsimplification,butdidnotchangeitsnonlinear,multivariablenature.ACDriveSystemdynamicperformancewaslessthandesirable,difficulttoadjustdesignparameters,thekeyisthelinearapproximationisonlysinglevariablecontrolsystemtotheneglectofnonlinear,multivariableinnature.Manyexpertsandscholarshaveconductedresearchwithgreatconcentration,andfinallysucceeded.70sfromthe20thcentury,GermanengineerscreatedanewcontroltheoryofvectorcontrolinordertoachievetheinductionmotorandDCwiththesameeffectofagoodgovernor.Vectorcontrolisahighperformanceinductionmotorcontrolmethod,whichisbasedondynamicmathematicalmodelofthemotor,throughthecoordinatetransformation,themodelwillbeconvertedtoACmotorDCmotormodel.Basedoninductionmotordynamicmathematicalequation,ithasaDCmotorandthedynamicequationoftheformofthesame,soifyouselectanappropriatecontrolstrategy,inductionmotorsandDCmotorshouldbesimilartothecontrolperformance,andthisistheideaofvectorcontrol.Transformbecauseofthecurrentspacevector,therefore,beachievedthroughthecoordinatetransformationiscalledvectorcontrolsystemcontrolsystemtransformationTranvectorControlSystem,orvectorcontrolsystemVectorControlSystem.Simplyput,vectorcontrolistodecouplefluxandtorque,respectively,infavorofthedesignofthetworegulatorstoachievehighperformanceACmotorspeedcontrol.Vectorcontrolandslipfrequencycontrolbasedonvectorcontrol,sensorlessvectorcontrolmodeandspeedsensorlessvectorcontrolmode.ThiscanbeathreephaseinductionmotorequivalenttoDCmotorcontrol,whichwasthesamewiththeDCdrivesystemofthestaticanddynamicperformance.VectorcontrolalgorithmhasbeenwidelyusedinSIEMENS,AB,GE,FUJIinternationalcompanies,suchastheinverter.VectorcontrolusingacommonfrequencyconvertercannotonlyscopeinthespeedDCmotorwiththematch,andcancontrolthetorquegeneratedbyinductionmotor.Asaresultofthemannerinwhichvectorcontrolisbasedonthepreciseparametersofinductionmotorwascharged,andsomegeneralpurposeinverterisrequiredintheuseofaccurateinputparametersforinductionmotors,andsomegeneralpurposeinverterneedtousethespeedsensorandencoder.Inviewoftheelectricalparametersmaychange,willaffectthefrequencyconverterofmotorcontrolperformance,thenewcurrentvectorcontrolinverterhasuniversalasynchronousmotorparametersautomaticallydetect,automaticidentification,adaptivefeatures,withsuchafeaturecommonfrequencyinductionmotorsindrivebeforenormaloperationcanbecarriedoutautomaticallyontheinductionmotorparametersidentification,andinaccordancewiththeresultsoftheadjustmentcontrolalgorithmtoidentifytherelevantparametersoftheinductionmotoroftheordinaryforeffectivevectorcontrol.译文现代交流调速系统的类型现代交流调速系统分为交流电动机、电力电子功率变换器、控制器和检测器四大部分组成。根据被控对象的交流电动机的种类不同，现代交流调速系统可分异步电机调速系统和同步电动机调速系统，在这里主要介绍异步电机调速系统。1.1异步电动机调速系统的基本类型由异步电动机工作原理可知，从定子传入的电磁功率Mp可分两部分一部分mp1sMp是拖动负载的有效功率另一部分是转差功率spsMp与转差率s成正比。转差功率如何处理、是消耗还是回馈给电网，可衡量异步电机调速系统的效率高低。因此按转差功率处理方式的不同可把现代异步电机调速系统分为三类。1转差功率消耗型调速系统全部转差功率都转换成热量的形式消耗掉。晶闸管调压调速属于这一类。在异步电机调速系统中，这类系统的效率最低，是以增加转差功率的消耗为代价来换取转速的降低。2转差功率回馈型调速系统转差功率一小部分消耗掉，大部分则通过变流装置回馈给电网。转速越低，回馈的功率越多。绕线式异步电机串级调速和双馈调速属于这一类。3转差功率不变型调速系统转差功率中转子铜损部分的消耗是不可避免的，但在这类系统中，无论转速高低，转差功率的消耗基本不变，因此效率很高。变频调速属于此类。目前在交流调速系统中，变频调速应用最多、最广泛，可以构成高动态性能的交流调速系统，取代直流调速。l.2现代交流调速系统的发展趋势和动向