外文翻译--现代交流调速系统的类型.doc

附录附录A:中英文参考文献此英文文献摘自参考文献：DonescuV,CharetteA,YaoZ,etal.ModelingandsimulationofSaturatedinductionmotorsinphasequantitiesJ.IEEETrans.OnEnergyConversion,1999，14(3):386-393.ModerntypeofACDriveSystemExchangeintoamodernACmotorspeedcontrolsystem,powerelectronicpowerconverters,controllersandfourmajordetectorcomponents.InaccordancewiththeobjectofdifferenttypesofACmotor,speedofmoderncommunicationsystemscanbedividedintoinductionmotorandsynchronousmotordrives.Hereareintroducedthesystemofinductionmotor.1.1inductionmotorspeedcontrolsystemofthebasictypesofBytheinductionmotorworkingprinciple,wecanseethatfromthestatorintoelectromagneticpowercanbedividedintotwoparts:mp=(1-s)Mpistheeffectivepowerloaddrag；anotherpartofthedeteriorationofqualityofpowersp=sMpandsisproportionaltoslip.Howtodealwithdeteriorationofqualityofpowerisconsumedorfeedbacktothegrid,andmeasurablesystemofinductionmotorefficiency.Thereforebypoorpowertothedifferenttreatmentofmoderninductionmotorcanbedividedintothreetypesofspeedcontrolsystem.(1)powerconsumptionanddeteriorationofquality-basedspeedcontrolsystemPoorpowerswitchareconvertedtotheformofcaloriesconsumed.ThyristorSurgespeedfallintothiscategory.Intheinductionmotorspeedcontrolsystem,theminimumefficiencyofsuchsystemsistoincreasepowerconsumptionanddeteriorationofqualityinexchangeforthecostoflowerspeed.(2)topoorpowerfeedback-basedspeedcontrolsystemTodeterioratetoasmallportionofpowerconsumedbythemajorityofvariableflowcontroldevicestothepowergridfeedback.Lowerspeed,morepowertorepay.Woundcascadeinductionmotorspeedanddoubly-fedfallintothiscategory.(3)todeterioratetothesamepower-basedspeedcontrolsystemAnddeteriorationofqualityofpowerintherotorpartoftheconsumptionofcopperlossisinevitable,butinsuchsystems,bothhighandlowspeed,powerconsumptionanddeteriorationofqualityisessentiallythesame,thereforehighefficiency.VVVFfallintothiscategory.ACDriveSystemiscurrentlyin,theapplicationofamaximumofVVVF,themostextensive,canconstituteahighdynamicperformanceofACDriveSystemtoreplacetheDCdrive.1.2ACspeedcontrolsystemofmoderndevelopmenttrendsanddevelopmentsLookingatthespeedofdevelopmentoftheexchangeprocessandthestatusquo,wecanseethatspeedofmoderncommunicationtechnologytrendsandfuturedevelopmenttrends.(1)toreplacetheDCdrivesystemforthepurposeofexchangeofhigh-performancespeedcontrolsystemforfurtherresearchanddevelopment；(2)thenewpowerconvertertopologyoftheresearchanddevelopment；(3)PWMmodeofimprovementandoptimization；(4)mediumvoltagevariablefrequencydeviceresearchandtechnologydevelopment.1.2.1ControlconceptsandcontroltechnologyresearchanddevelopmentApplicationofmorethanadecadeshowthatthetheoryofvectorcontrolandotherapplicationofcontroltheoryhasyettobegovernorwiththedevelopmentoftheexchangecontinuedtoberefined,soastofurtherenhancetheexchangeofthecontrolperformancespeedcontrolsystem.Variouscontrolstructuresarebasedonmathematicalmodeloftheobject,therefore,inordertoestablishareasonableexchangeofspeedcontrolsystemapplicabletothecontrolstructure,needtoexchangethemotormathematicalmodelofthenature,characteristicsandtheinherentlawofin-depthstudyanddiscussion.ACDriveSysteminparticular,thesynthesisandcalibrationmethodsofthetheoryandengineeringdesignoffutureACDriveSystemisanimportantresearchtopic.Bytherotorflux-orientedinductionmotorvectorcontrolsystemtoachievetheexcitationcurrentandtorquecurrentfulldecoupling,themathematicalmodelandtheDCtorquemotortorqueexactlythesamemodel.However,theestimatedrotorparametersandparameterchangesdonotaffecttheaccuracyofdirectionalcoordinatesoftheoffsetcausedbyaproblemwhichhasnotreallysolvetheproblemathomeandabroad,sotherotorparameteridentificationandparameterchangesforthefutureoftheadaptivecontrolofthecriticalstudyofvectorcontrolissues.Inrecentyears,donotrelyontheelectricalmodeloffuzzyself-optimizingcontrol,suchasartificialneuralnetworkintelligentcontrolmethodhasbeenintroducedtotheACDrivesystem,asagovernortocontroltheexchangetheory,controltechnologyresearchanddevelopmentofnewdirections.DirectTorqueControltechnologypracticeintheapplicationofcontinuousimprovementandupgradingofthemaindirectionofitsresearchtoaddresslowspeedmotorfluxparametersontheimpactoftrajectorytofurtherimprovethecontroloflowspeedperformance,thescopeoftheexpansionspeed.Cancellationthroughthemechanicalconnectionofthetachometergeneratorandothergunsensor,Speedsensorhardwarerealizationofaspeedcontrolsystemoftheexchangeoftheirownapplications,buttheaccuracyandspeedoftheprojectedreal-timecontroltobefurtherin-depthresearchanddevelopment.1.2.2PWMmodetoimprovethestudyandoptimizationInrecentyears,withtheemergenceofmedium-voltageinverter,thevoltagespacevectorPWMcontrolmodetoimproveandoptimizetheresearch,whichtoresolvethethree-levelmediumvoltageinvertermidpointvoltageoffsetissues,studiedthesynthesisofvoltagevectorPWMmode(nooffsetvoltageatthemidpointofthelongvectorandshortvector,acombinationofzero-vector),hasbeenmadewithresearchresultsofpracticalvalueformulti-levelcascadeinvertervoltagepulsephase-shiftPWMtechniqueownapplication.Mediumvoltagefrequencyconverter1.2.3ResearchandDevelopmentMediumvoltagereferstovoltagelevelsforthe230010000V,inhigh-powermeansthepowerlevelinmorethan300kW.Mediumvoltage,high-capacityresearchanddevelopmentofACDriveSystemhasbeeninpracticeformorethan20yearshavegraduallyembarkedonthepracticalapplicationstage,inparticular,high-pressurefull-controlledpowerdeviceshavebeenintheapplicationofpressuretransducerrapidlyaccelerated.Amongthem,thecurrentapplicationismoreIGBT,IGCTmediumvoltagethree-levelcascadeinverterandmulti-levelmediumvoltageTransformer.Todaysmulti-levelmediumvoltageACinverterspeedcontrolhasbecomeanewfieldofstudyisoneofhottopicsinthepressuretransducerandthedirectionoffuturedevelopmentofresearchtopicsare:(1)technicalaspectsofsafetydevicesareinseriespowerdevicetechnology,triggeringtechnology,isolationtechnology,insulationtechnology,theprotectionoftechnology,remotecontrolandcommunicationtechnology,electromagneticcompatibility,harmonicsuppressiontechnology.(2)controltechnologieswillbethevectorcontroltechnology,theintroductionofdirecttorquecontrolofpressuretransducertechnology,aswellasresearchanddevelopmentformediumvoltagePWMinvertertechnology.(3)thedevelopmentofmediumvoltagefrequencyconverterbythevoltagelevelofpowerelectronicdevicesarenotrestricted.Atpresent,theUnitedStatesCreeInc.,GermanysSiemens,Toshiba,aswellasEuropeancompaniessuchasABBmoneyintothedevelopmentofasiliconcarbide(Sic)powerelectronicdevices,thePNjunctionvoltageupto10kVlevelandaboveisexpectedthenext10years,SiCdeviceswillbeabreakthroughinthedevelopmentofanewgenerationofmediumvoltagefrequencyconvertertothebirthattendant.ThinkingofvectorcontroltechnologyMathematicalmodelofasynchronousmotorisahigh-end,non-linear,strong-couplingmulti-variablesystem,throughthecoordinatetransformationthatallowstheReductionandsimplification,butdidnotchangeitsnon-linear,multi-variablenature.ACDriveSystemdynamicperformancewaslessthandesirable,difficulttoadjustdesignparameters,thekeyisthelinearapproximationisonlysingle-variablecontrolsystemtotheneglectofnon-linear,multi-variableinnature.Manyexpertsandscholarshaveconductedresearchwithgreatconcentration,andfinallysucceeded.70sfromthe20thcentury,GermanengineerscreatedanewcontroltheoryofvectorcontrolinordertoachievetheinductionmotorandDCwiththesameeffectofagoodgovernor.Vectorcontrolisahighperformanceinductionmotorcontrolmethod,whichisbasedondynamicmathematicalmodelofthemotor,throughthecoordinatetransformation,themodelwillbeconvertedtoACmotorDCmotormodel.Basedoninductionmotordynamicmathematicalequation,ithasaDCmotorandthedynamicequationoftheformofthesame,soifyouselectanappropriatecontrolstrategy,inductionmotorsandDCmotorshouldbesimilartothecontrolperformance,andthisistheideaofvectorcontrol.Transformbecauseofthecurrentspacevector,therefore,beachievedthroughthecoordinatetransformationiscalledvectorcontrolsystemcontrolsystemtransformation(TranvectorControlSystem),orvectorcontrolsystem(VectorControlSystem).Simplyput,vectorcontrolistodecouplefluxandtorque,respectively,infavorofthedesignofthetworegulatorstoachievehigh-performanceACmotorspeedcontrol.Vectorcontrolandslipfrequencycontrolbasedonvectorcontrol,sensorlessvectorcontrolmodeandspeedsensorlessvectorcontrolmode.Thiscanbeathree-phaseinductionmotorequivalenttoDCmotorcontrol,whichwasthesamewiththeDCdrivesystemofthestaticanddynamicperformance.VectorcontrolalgorithmhasbeenwidelyusedinSIEMENS,AB,GE,FUJIinternationalcompanies,suchastheinverter.VectorcontrolusingacommonfrequencyconvertercannotonlyscopeinthespeedDCmotorwiththematch,andcancontrolthetorquegeneratedbyinductionmotor.Asaresultofthemannerinwhichvectorcontrolisbasedonthepreciseparametersofinductionmotorwascharged,andsomegeneral-purposeinverterisrequiredintheuseofaccurateinputparametersforinductionmotors,andsomegeneral-purposeinverterneedtousethespeedsensorandencoder.Inviewoftheelectricalparametersmaychange,willaffectthefrequencyconverterofmotorcontrolperformance,thenewcurrentvectorcontrolinverterhasuniversalasynchronousmotorparametersautomaticallydetect,automaticidentification,adaptivefeatures,withsuchafeaturecommonfrequencyinductionmotorsindrivebeforenormaloperationcanbecarriedoutautomaticallyontheinductionmotorparametersidentification,andinaccordancewiththeresultsoftheadjustmentcontrolalgorithmtoidentifytherelevantparametersoftheinductionmotoroftheordinaryforeffectivevectorcontrol.译文：现代交流调速系统的类型现代交流调速系统分为交流电动机、电力电子功率变换器、控制器和检测器四大部分组成。根据被控对象的交流电动机的种类不同，现代交流调速系统可分异步电机调速系统和同步电动机调速系统，在这里主要介绍异步电机调速系统。1.1异步电动机调速系统的基本类型由异步电动机工作原理可知，从定子传入的电磁功率Mp可分两部分:一部分mp=(1-s)Mp是拖动负载的有效功率；另一部分是转差功率sp=sMp与转差率s成正比。转差功率如何处理、是消耗还是回馈给电网，可衡量异步电机调速系统的效率高低。因此按转差功率处理方式的不同可把现代异步电机调速系统分为三类。(1)转差功率消耗型调速系统全部转差功率都转换成热量的形式消耗掉。晶闸管调压调速属于这一类。在异步电机调速系统中，这类系统的效率最低，是以增加转差功率的消耗为代价来换取转速的降低。(2)转差功率回馈型调速系统转差功率一小部分消耗掉，大部分则通过变流装置回馈给电网。转速越低，回馈的功率越多。绕线式异步电机串级调速和双馈调速属于这一类。(3)转差功率不变型调速系统转差功率中转子铜损部分的消耗是不可避免的，但在这类系统中，无论转速高低，转差功率的消耗基本不变，因此效率很高。变频调速属于此类。目前在交流调速系统中，变频调速应用最多、最广泛，可以构成高动态性能的交流调速系统，取代直流调速。l.2现代交流调速系统的发展趋势和动向