外文翻译面向无图形化：SNK公司的方法.doc

附录A英文资料GOINGDRAWINGLESSSNKSAPPROACHYUKIOKUMAGAIMANAGER1INTRODUCTIONMORETHANONEYEARINTOTHE21STCENTURY,JAPANSMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYISCURRENTLYATAMAJORTURNINGPOINTTHEENDOFTHEGLORYDAYSBETWEENTHE1980SANDTHEEARLY1990SOFTHECOUNTRYTHATTHENWONSUCHPRAISEASJAPANASNO1TILEJAPANESEMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRY,WHICHISTHEHEARTANDSOULOFJAPANASONEOFTHEMOSTINDUSTRIALIZEDCOUNTRIESINTHEWORLD,ISBEINGFACEDWITHTHEHARSHREALITYOFINTENSIFYINGGLOBALCOMPETITIONWITHNOTONLYEUROPEANANDAMERICANMANUFACTURERSWHICHHAVEREGAINEDTHEIRSTRENGTHSINCETHEMIDDLEOFTHE1990SBUTALSOTHEASIANCOUNTRIESWHICHHAVEINCREASINGLYGAINEDINDUSTRIALPOWERINADDITIONTOTHEHOLLOWINGOUTOFINDUSTRYANDTECHNOLOGYATHOMEMANUFACTURERSINJAPANMUSTNOWTAKEUPNEWMANUFACTURINGCHALLENGESINORDERTOSURVIVEINTHEWILDLYCHANGINGMANUFACTURINGLANDSCAPEINTHE21STCENTURYUNDERTHESECIRCUMSTANCES,ITINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYHASBECOMEAKEYWORDFORSURVIVALOFBUSINESSESITISGENERALLYSAIDTHATAHIGHERLEVELOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY,SHORTERPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTCYCLESANDTHOROUGHCOSTREDUCTIONAREESSENTIALFORSURVIVALINTHEMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRY,ITISNECESSARYTOINTEGRATEANDOPTIMIZETHEDESIGN,PRODUCTION,DISTRIBUTION,MARKETINGANDAFTERSALESSERVICESBYBUILDINGANETWORKBASEDONATHREEDIMENSIONAL3DCADSYSTEMANDADATABASESYSTEMSOTHATTHEENTIREPRODUCTLIFECYCLECANBEMANAGEDINORDERFORMANUFACTURERSTOSURVIVE,COLLABORATIONAMONGAGROUPOFBUSINESSESUSINGINTERNETTECHNOLOGYMADEPOSSIBLEBYWEBSERVERSANDHIGHSPEEDBROADBANDCOMMUNICATIONSISANOTHERIMPORTANTREQUIREMENTTHEROLEOFITISALSOIMPORTANTINPREVENTINGTHEHOLLOWINGOUTOFTECHNOLOGYEFFORTTOTAKESKILLEDWORKERSEXPERTISEANDKNOWLEDGENUMERICALLYANDACCUMULATEANDHANDDOWNTOTHENEXTGENERATIONSTHETECHNOLOGYTHUSDIGITALIZEDISOFCRITICALIMPORTANCEFORMANUFACTURERSSNKSCORPORATEMOTTO,FROMSKILLSTOTECHNOLOGY,ISAVITALREQUIREMENTFORSURVIVINGCOMPETITIONINTHE21STCENTURYTOACHIEVETHESEGOALS,SNKISWORKINGONACOMPANYWIDEREFORMTHROUGHDIGITALIZATIONOFTECHNOLOGY,DESCRIBINGTHETASKTOBEACCOMPLISHEDASGOINGDRAWINGLESSASEARLYAS1995,SNKBEGANATRANSITIONTO3DDESIGNINGANDSTARTEDWORKINGTOWARDTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFANADVANCEDDESIGNANDPRODUCTIONSYSTEMTHISARTICLEINTRODUCESSOMEOFSNKSONGOINGEFFORTSTOBUILDAWEBCOMPUTINGBASEDTECHNICALINFORMATIONDATABASESYSTEMANDACHIEVETHEOBJECTIVEOFGOINGDRAWINGLESSBYIMPLEMENTINGA3DCADSYSTEM2CONCURRENTENGINEERINGBEHINDTHEUSECONOMYSCONTINUINGPROSPERITYSINCE1996DURINGTHEPERIODINWHICHTHEJAPANESEECONOMYDETERIORATEDWERENEWTYPESOFEFFORTSBASEDONCOMPUTERNETWORKSTHESEEFFORTSINCLUDEDTHEDEVELOPMENTANDAPPLICATIONOF6ASIXSIGMAANDOTHERQUALITYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS,KNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTDATABASESYSTEMS,ANDENTERPRISERESOURCEPLANNINGERPANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTSCMSYSTEMSOFTHESENEWTECHNOLOGIES,CONCURRENTENGINEERINGISATECHNIQUETHATHASENABLEDTHEDRAMATICGROWTHOFTHEUSMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYTHETECHNIQUEWASDEVELOPEDASAMETHODOFPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTTOMEETRAPIDLYCHANGINGCUSTOMERNEEDSCONCURRENTENGINEERINGFIGURE1ISASYSTEMATICAPPROACHTOTHEINTEGRATED,CONCURRENTDESIGNOFPRODUCTSANDTHEIRRELATEDPROCESSES,INCLUDINGMANUFACTURINGANDSUPPORTTHISAPPROACHISINTENDEDTOCAUSETHEDEVELOPERS,FROMTHEOUTSET,TOCONSIDERALLELEMENTSOFTHEPRODUCTLIFECYCLEIDAREPORTR338THEULTIMATEGOALOFAPRODUCTDESIGNANDPRODUCTIONSYSTEMISTOENSURETHATALLINFORMATIONNECESSARYFORPRODUCTIONISAVAILABLEATTHECOMPLETIONOFPRODUCTDESIGNTHISISALSOWHATCONCURRENTENGINEERINGAIMSTOACHIEVEINOTHERWORDS,THEOUTPUTFROMDESIGNISNCPROGRAMSINSTEADOFDRAWINGSTHISMEANSTHATNCMACHININGCANBESTARTEDUPONCOMPLETIONOFDESIGNTHEULTIMATEGOALOFAPRODUCTDESIGNANDPRODUCTIONSYSTEMISTOENSURETHATALLINFORMATIONNECESSARYFORPRODUCTIONISAVAILABLEATTHECOMPLETIONOFPRODUCTDESIGNTHISISALSOWHATCONCURRENTENGINEERINGAIMSTOACHIEVEINOTHERWORDS,THEOUTPUTFROMDESIGNISNCPROGRAMSINSTEADOFDRAWINGSTHISMEANSTHATNCMACHININGCANBESTARTEDUPONCOMPLETIONOFDESIGNINCONCURRENTENGINEERING,INFORMATIONONDOWNSTREAMPROCESSESOFPRODUCTDESIGNEG,INFORMATIONONPRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGYISEVALUATEDANDSTUDIEDEARLYINUPSTREAMPROCESSES,ANDTHERESULTSAREFEDBACKTODESIGNTHISREDUCESDESIGNCHANGESATALATERSTAGEPRODUCTIONSTAGEDRAMATICALLY,PREVENTSCOSTANDLEADTIMEINCREASES,SHORTENSTHEPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTCYCLECONSIDERABLY,IMPROVESPRODUCTQUALITY,ANDREDUCESCOSTSFIGURE3SOMEMAYTHINKTHATATYPICALCONVENTIONALDESIGNSYSTEMINJAPANISACONCURRENTDESIGNSYSTEMUNDERWHICHDESIGNWORKISPERFORMEDUNDERACOMPETENTDESIGNLEADER,BUTTHISISNOTTRUECONCURRENTENGINEERINGREFERSTOCREATINGCOSTEFFECTIVEPRODUCTSBYMAKINGUSEOFTHECOLLECTIVEKNOWLEDGEOFALLDEPARTMENTSANDALLPERSONNELOFABUSINESSORGANIZATIONCONCURRENTENGINEERINGISASYSTEMATICAPPROACHINWHICHKNOWLEDGEISSTOREDINELECTRONICFORMINACOMPUTERIZEDDATABASESYSTEM,ANDPRODUCTSAREDESIGNEDTHROUGHCOMMUNICATIONVIAACOMPUTERNETWORKINTHISRESPECT,CONCURRENTENGINEERINGDIFFERSFROMTHECONVENTIONALJAPANESEDESIGNMETHOD,WHICHREQUIRESADESIGNLEADERTODEPENDONCREATINGSOMETHINGWITHOUTUSINGDRAWINGSMAYBECONSIDEREDSYNONYMOUSWITHMAKINGTHISCONCURRENTENGINEERINGREALITY33DCADSYSTEMNEEDEDTOGODRAWINGLESSONETOOLTHATHELPSELIMINATEDRAWINGSISA3DCADSYSTEMSINCEAROUND1990,EFFORTHASBEENMADETODEVELOPPRACTICALFEATMEBASED3DCADSYSTEMSTHANKSTOTHEDRAMATICIMPROVEMENTOFCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYANDLOWERINGPRICESOFCOMPUTERSCOUPLEDWITHTHEPROGRESSOFSOFTWARETECHNOLOGY,COMPUTERSHAVENOWBECOMEPOWERFULENOUGHFORPRACTICAL3DCADSYSTEMSSWITCHOVERFROM2DCADSYSTEMSTO3DCADSYSTEMSHASBECOMEATRENDNOTONLYINTHEFIELDOFMECHANICALSTRUCTUREDESIGNBUTALSOINOTHERFIELDS,ASSHOWNINFIGURE4WITHTHEPROGRESSOFTHETRANSITIONTO3DDESIGN,THEBURDENOFHAVINGTOPREPARE2DDRAWINGSFORTHEPURPOSEOFPRODUCTIONBECAMEAPROBLEM,GIVINGRISETOCALLSFORPRODUCTIONSYSTEMSBASEDONTHEDRAWINGLESSENGINEERINGCONCEPTHOWEVER,3DCADSYSTEMSAND3DDESIGNMODELINGCAPABILITYARENOTTHEONLYREQUIREMENTSFORMAKINGCONCURRENTENGINEERINGORDRAWINGLESSENGINEERINGAREALITYDRAWINGLESSENGINEERINGREQUIRESAPERSONORATEAMOFPEOPLEWELLVERSEDINALLASPECTSOFDESIGNANDPRODUCTIONPROCESSES,PROCESSANALYSIS,AND,LASTBUTNOTLEASTIMPORTANT,THEWILLTOEFFECTPROCESSINNOVATIONITISNECESSARYTOFULLYUNDERSTANDTHATA3DCADSYSTEMISONLYATOOL,NOTAPURPOSE,ANDTOWORKSYSTEMATICALLYTOWARDTHESTANDARDIZATIONOFDATAANDTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFAPROCESSREFORMFROMAVIEWPOINTTHATISNOTCONSTRAINEDBYCONVENTIONALMETHODOLOGIESTHEFOLLOWINGSECTIONSINTRODUCESNKSAPPROACHTOGOINGDRAWINGLESS4ESTABLISHMENTOFINFRASTRUCTUREATSNKASMENTIONEDEARLIER,SNKEARLYONRECOGNIZEDTHEIMPORTANCEOF3DCADSYSTEMSANDIN1995BEGANTOWORKTOWARDASWITCHOVERTOA3DCADSYSTEMTHATWASABOLDDECISIONMADEBYSNKSTOPMANAGEMENTWHOBELIEVEDTHATDRAWINGLESS,WHICHREPRESENTSTHEMETHODOFPERFORMINGDESIGNANDPRODUCTIONCONCUNENTLYBYNETWORKING,WASTHEKEYWORDFORSURVIVALANIMPORTANTINFRASTRUCTURALCOMPONENTOFSNKS3DCADSYSTEMISTHETECHNICALINFORMATIONDATABASEINTRODUCTIONOF3DCADSOFTWAREISNOTENOUGHTOMAKEEFFICIENTUSEOFTHE3DCADSYSTEMITISALSONECESSARYTOACCUMULATEDESIGNANDPRODUCTIONINFORMATIONINDIGITALFORMSOTHATTHEINFORMATIONTHUSACCUMULATEDCANBESHAREDBYALLMEMBERSOFTHECOMPANYFORTUNATELY,SNKALREADYHADARELATIONALDATABASESYSTEM