欢迎来到人人文库网! | 帮助中心 人人文档renrendoc.com美如初恋!
人人文库网
全部分类
  • 图纸下载>
  • 教育资料>
  • 专业文献>
  • 应用文书>
  • 行业资料>
  • 生活休闲>
  • 办公材料>
  • 毕业设计>
  • ImageVerifierCode 换一换
    首页 人人文库网 > 资源分类 > PDF文档下载  

    外文资料--Performance comparison of dynamic web platforms.pdf

    • 资源ID:96645       资源大小:492.87KB        全文页数:11页
    • 资源格式: PDF        下载积分:5积分
    扫码快捷下载 游客一键下载
    会员登录下载
    微信登录下载
    三方登录下载: 微信开放平台登录 支付宝登录   QQ登录   微博登录  
    二维码
    微信扫一扫登录

    手机扫码下载

    请使用微信 或支付宝 扫码支付

    • 扫码支付后即可登录下载文档,同时代表您同意《人人文库网用户协议》

    • 扫码过程中请勿刷新、关闭本页面,否则会导致文档资源下载失败

    • 支付成功后,可再次使用当前微信或支付宝扫码免费下载本资源,无需再次付费

    账号:
    密码:
      忘记密码?
        
    友情提示
    2、PDF文件下载后,可能会被浏览器默认打开,此种情况可以点击浏览器菜单,保存网页到桌面,就可以正常下载了。
    3、本站不支持迅雷下载,请使用电脑自带的IE浏览器,或者360浏览器、谷歌浏览器下载即可。
    4、本站资源(1积分=1元)下载后的文档和图纸-无水印,预览文档经过压缩,下载后原文更清晰。
    5、试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。

    外文资料--Performance comparison of dynamic web platforms.pdf

    PerformancecomparisonofdynamicwebplatformsVarshaAptea,1,TonyHansenb,*,PaulReeserbaDepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnology-Bombay,Mumbai400076,IndiabAT&TLabs,200LaurelAve,Middletown,NJ07748,USAReceived7August2002;accepted7August2002AbstractOverthelastfewyears,theWorldWideWebhastransformeditselffromastaticcontent-distributionmediumtoaninteractive,dynamicmedium.TheWebisnowwidelyusedasthepresentationlayerforahostofon-lineservicessuchase-mailandaddressbooks,e-cards,e-calendar,shopping,banking,andstocktrading.Asaconsequence(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)HTMLfilesarenowtypicallygenerateddynamicallyaftertheserverreceivestherequest.FromtheWeb-siteproviderspointofview,dynamicgenerationofHTMLpagesimpliesalesserunderstandingoftherealcapacityandperformanceoftheirWebservers.FromtheWebdeveloperspointofview,dynamiccontentimpliesanadditionaltechnologydecision:theWebprogrammingtechnologytobeemployedincreatingaWeb-basedservice.SincetheWebisinherentlyinteractive,performanceisakeyrequirement,andoftendemandscarefulanalysisofthesystems.Inthispaper,wecomparefourdynamicWebprogrammingtechnologiesfromthepointofviewofperformance.Thecomparisonisbasedontestingandmeasurementoftwocases:oneisacasestudyofarealapplicationthatwasdeployedinanactualWeb-basedservice;theotherisatrivialapplication.Thetwocasesprovideuswithanopportunitytocomparetheperformanceofthesetechnologiesattwoendsofthespectrumintermsofcomplexity.Ourfocusinthispaperisonhowcomplexvs.simpleapplicationsperformwhenimplementedusingdifferentWebprogrammingtechnologies.Thepaperdrawscomparisonsandinsightsbasedonthisdevelopmentandperformancemeasurementeffort.q2002PublishedbyElsevierScienceB.V.Keywords:Dynamic;Web;CommonGatewayInterface;FastCGI;Cþþ;Java;Servlets;JavaServerPages;Performance;Comparison1.IntroductionTheWorldWideWeb(WWW)firstemergedadecadeagoasamediumtorenderhypertextdocumentsthatwerestoredontheInternet,onauserscomputer,usingspecialsoftware(thebrowser)andanewprotocol(HTTP:HyperTextTransferProtocol).Forthefirstfewyears,theWWWgrewprimarilyasanewmediuminwhichstaticcontentcouldbepublished,andinformationshared.ThecontentwaspublishedintheformofHTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)files,whichwereservedbyWebservers,onrequestsfrombrowsers.However,overthelastfewyearstheWWWhastransformeditselffromastaticcontent-distributionmediumtoaninteractive,dynamicmedium.ContentontheWebisnowoftenpersonalized,andthereforedynamicallygenerated.TheWebisnowwidelyusedasthepresentationlayerforahostofon-lineservicessuchase-mail,e-cards,e-calendar,andaddressbooks,shopping,banking,andstocktrading.Asaconsequence,theHTMLfilesthatarerenderedbytheclientsbrowserarenowtypicallygenerateddynamicallyaftertheWebserverhasprocessedtheusersrequest.ThisdynamicgenerationofHTMLfileshasnothappenedwithoutanassociatedperformancecost.JustwhenInternetusersweregettingaccustomedtoclick-and-waitondial-uplinesduetographics-richWebsites,dynamicallygeneratedcontentstartedproliferatingontheWeb.Nowusersmustwaitnotonlyforthenetworkdelaybutalsofortheserver-sideprocessingdelayassociatedwithservingarequestdynamically.Inmanycases,thisisturningouttobethelargestcomponentofthedelay.FromtheWeb-siteproviderspointofview,dynamicgenerationofHTMLpagesimpliesalesserunderstandingoftherealcapacityoftheirWebservers.Thevendor-providedhits-per-secondcapacityoftheWebserverisnolongerenough,asthisonlypertainstostaticHTMLfiles.ComputerCommunications26(2003)888898www.elsevier.com/locate/comcom0140-3664/03/$-seefrontmatterq2002PublishedbyElsevierScienceB.V.PII:S0140-3664(02)00221-91ThisworkwasdonewhilethisauthorwaswiththeNetworkDesignandPerformanceAnalysisDepartment,AT&TLabs,Middletown,NJ07748,USA.ThisauthorhaspreviouslypublishedunderhermaidennameofVarshaMainkar.*Correspondingauthor.E-mailaddress:mainkaratt.com(T.Hansen).FromtheWebdeveloperspointofview,dynamicWebcontentimpliesanadditionaltechnologydecision:theWebprogrammingtechnologytobeemployedincreatingaWeb-basedserviceorproduct.Thisdecisionisbasedonseveralfactors.Amongthefactorsconsideredareeaseofprogramming,richnessoffeatures,maintain-ability,reliability,andperformance.SincetheWebisinherentlyinteractive,performanceisakeyrequirement,andoftendemandscarefulanalysisofthesystems.Inthispaper,wecomparetheperformanceoffourWebprogrammingtechnologies,namelyJavaServlets,JavaServerPages,CGI/CþþandFastCGI/Cþþ(asmallerversionofthisstudywaspresentedinRef.1).ThestudywasmotivatedbyarealneedtomakeatechnologychoicefordevelopingsoftwarethatwouldsupportaWeb-basedservice.Astudyofexistingliteratureshowedvaryingconclusionsabouttheperformancesuperiorityofonetechnologyovertheother.ProponentsoftheJavaplatformconsistentlyclaimsuperiorperformanceofservlettechnologymainlyduetotheeliminationoftheoverheadofprocesscreation2,3.Ontheotherhand,astudydoneinRef.4thatcomparesCGI,FastCGIandservletsshowedservletstobetheslowestofthethree.AsimilarcomparativestudyhasbeendoneinRef.5,focusingonWeb-to-databaseapplications,whichshowedJavaservletstobebetterthanCGIprograms.Further-more,although4brieflyprovidessomeexplanationabouttheresults,anin-depthanalysisandinsightabouttheresultswasnotavailableintheliteraturethatwesurveyed.Oneconclusionfromthevariabilityoftheresultswasalsothattheperformanceofthetechnologydependsontheapplication.Inthispaper,thecomparisonisbasedontwocases:oneisacasestudyofacomplexapplicationthatwasdeployedinanactualWeb-basedservice;theotherisatrivialapplication.Themethodologyofperformanceanalysiswasstresstestingandmeasurement.Performancemeasure-ment(ratherthanmodeling)mademostsenseinthiseffort,sinceaquickturnaroundofresultswasnecessaryandtheaccuracyofresultswasrequiredtobehigh.Thetwocases(i.e.thecomplexandthetrivial)provideduswithanopportunitytocompareperformanceofthesetechnologiesattwoendsofthespectrumofapplications,intermsofcomplexity.Theperformanceorderofdifferenttechnologiesisseldomabsoluteitdependsgreatlyonthenatureoftheapplication.Ourfocusinthispaperisonhowcomplexvs.simpleapplicationsperformwhenimplementedusingdifferentWebprogrammingtechnologies.Amongthepaperssurveyed,webelievethisistheonlypaperpresentingasystematicbottleneckanalysisofeachofthetechnol-ogies,andtheonlyonethatdemonstratesthattheperformancerankingcouldbereversed,basedontheapplication,whileprovidinginsightonwhythishappens.Themainobservationsfromthisworkwereasfollows:Ingeneral,FastCGIoutperformedCGI,whileJSPoutperformedJavaservlets.Inthecaseofacomplexapplication,theCGI-basedtechnologiesoutperformedtheJava-basedtechnologiesbyafactorof34£,withJavaperformancelimitedbysoftwarebottlenecksintheJVM.Inthecaseofatrivialapplication,therelativeperformancewasreversed,asJavaoutperformedCGIbyafactorof23£.Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows:inSection2weprovidethemotivationforconductingsuchacomparativestudy,andinSection3wedescribebrieflythetechnologiesthatwecompared.Section4describestheperformancemeasurementandanalysismethodology,Section5describesthecase-studytestingresultsindetail,andSection6describestheresultsoftestingatrivialapplication.Finally,Section7summarizesourresults,andSection8providessomeconcludingremarks.2.MotivationTheapplicationcontextforthiscasestudywasanewWeb-basedmessagingservice.Suchaservicewouldinvolveaback-endthatwouldincludethecoremessa-ging-relatedservers(IMAP,POP,LDAP,SMTP),andafront-end,orapresentationlayerthatwouldserveasmiddlewarebetweentheWebbrowserandthemessagingserver.Thecoreserverswerechosentobeestablishedmessagingproducts.ThepresentationlayerwouldconsistofaWebserver(off-the-shelf)andanewdynamicpagegenerationenginetobedeveloped,whichwouldReaddatasentbytheuser,throughtheHTTPprotocolDothenecessaryprotocolconversions(toIMAP,LDAP,)CarryouttheactionencodedintheHTTPrequest,usingtheappropriateprotocolwiththeback-endserversFormattheresultasaWeb-page,andReturntheresulttotheusersWebbrowserthroughtheWeb-serverOnewaytowritesuchaprogramthatgeneratesWebpagesdynamicallyistocodethelogic,andthenembedprintstatementsintheprogramthatwriteoutstaticHTMLcode,alongwithprintingotherstringvariablesthathavebeenpopulateddynamically.Abetterandmorepopularwayisusingtemplates.Themiddlewarewestudiedusedatemplate-baseddesignforproducingdynamicWebpages.ThismethodinvolveswritingWebpagetemplateswhichhavestaticHTMLcodethatspecifythedesignoftheWebpage,interspersedwithscriptingtagsthatareinterpretedbyatemplateserverprogram.Thesetagsinstructthetemplateserverprogramontheactionthatistobetaken(e.g.populatingafieldwiththesubjectlineofamessage)onreadingthetag.Thetemplateserverprogram,therefore,V.Apteetal./ComputerCommunications26(2003)888898889ParsesthespecifictemplateaccessedbyauserrequestInterpretsthetagsandcommunicateswiththeback-endserversPopulatesthefieldsthataretobydynamicallypopulatedTheresultisadynamicallygeneratedWebpage.ThearchitectureofsuchasystemisshowninFig.1.Giventheacceleratedtime-to-marketgoalsandlimiteddevelopmenttime,thenaturalchoiceoftechnologyforthetemplateserverwastheoneperceivedtobepowerful,feature-richandyeteasytouseanddeploynamely,Javaservlets.Aninitialeffortwasdonetoquantifytheperformanceofthispagegenerationengine,toseewhetheritcouldmeettheexpectedperformancerequirements.Weconductedaseriesofstresstestsusingacommercialloaddrivertogeneraterepeatedrequeststotheservletengineatvariouslevelsofconcurrency(simulatedusers).ThetestconfigurationconsistedofaWindowsNTserverrunningtheloadgenerationscripts(driver),aSolarisserverrunningthefront-endsoftware,andaSolarisserverrunningtheback-endapplication(forthistest,aPOP3/IMAP4mailserverandanLDAPdirectoryserver).Hardware(CPU,memory,disk,I/O)andsoftwareresourceconsumptionsweremeasuredonallmachines.Inaddition,end-to-enduser-perceivedresponsetimesweremeasured.Thedriverscriptsemulatedaprescribednumberofconcurrentusersrepeatedlygeneratingthesamerequest(e.g.readmessage,sendmessage,etc.).Thenumberofconcurrentsimulateduserswasvariedfrom1to20.Thenumberofrepeatedrequestsperuserateachconcurrencylevel(typically2000)wassufficienttoachievestatisticalstability.Thetestswereruninstressmode;thatis,assoonasauserreceivesaresponse,itimmediatelysubmitsthenextrequest(i.e.withnegligibleclientdelay).EachoftheNsimulatedusersdoessoindependentlyandinparallel.Asaresult,thecon-currencylevel(i.e.thenumberofrequestsinthesystem)equalsNatalltimes.Theresultsofthestresstestsforaparticularrequesttype(reada20KBmessage)areshowninFigs.2and3.Inparticular,Fig.2plotstheend-to-endresponsetime(normalized)ontheleft-handaxis,andthefront-endCPUutilizationontheright-handaxis,asafunctionoftheconcurrencylevel.Ascanbeseen,theresponsetimecurvebeginstoridealongalinearasymptote(shownbythedottedline)afteronlysevenconcurrentusers.Thatis,responseFig.1.Templateserverarchitecture.Fig.2.Resultsofinitialstresstestsoftemplateserver,plottedvs.concurrentusers.V.Apteetal./ComputerCommunications26(2003)888898890timeincreasesproportionallywiththenumberofusers,indicatingsaturationinaclosedsystem6.Additionally,CPUutilizationlevelsoffafter11usersat6570%(indicatinganon-CPUsystembottleneck).Equivalently,Fig.3plotsend-to-endresponsetimeasafunctionofthroughput(requests/s).Ascanbeseen,themaximumsystemthroughputpeaksatabout2requests/sec,andthendegradesunderoverloadtoabout11/2requests/s.Inotherwords,therewasactuallyadropincapacityof25%(aconcurrencypenalty),likelyduetocontextswitching,object/threadmanagement,garbagecollection,etc.Asizinganalysisbasedontheexpectedcustomergrowthandusagebehavior,togetherwiththeseinitialcapacityresults,suggestedthattheresultinghardwarecostswouldbeprohibitivelylarge.Itwasalsoclearthatthescalabilityofthisapplicationwaspoor.Theresourceconsumptionresultsdemonstratedthattheapplicationcouldnotmakefulluseoftheresourcesavailabletoit(especiallyCPU).Thefirstquestiontobeansweredwaswhetherornottheapplicationwasimplementedinthemostoptimalmanner.Theinitialphaseoftheperformanceenhancementeffortwasinthisdirection.SeveralkeyoptimizationswereperformedontheJavaservletcode,andseveralcriticalbottleneckswerediscoveredandresolvedintheend-to-endarchitecture(describedinaseparatepaper6).TheresultingimprovementinthereadrequestthroughputisshowninFig.4.Sizinganalysisontheimprovedandoptimizedcodeshowedthattheresourcerequirementswerestillquitesubstantial,andtheapplicationstillhitaprematurewall(intermsofscalability).TheCPUcontinuedtoleveloff,nowatabout90%.Asaconsequencetothisanalysis,anadditionaleffortwaslaunchedtore-assessthechoiceofthedynamictechnologyitself.Theplanwastoanalyzeapplicationsthathadthesamefunctionality,butwereimplementedindifferentlanguagesortechnologies,withinidenticalenvironments.Thetechnologieschosen,includingtheinitialversion,wereJavaservlets,JavaServerPages(JSP),CommonGatewayInterface(CGI)withCþþprograms,andFastCGIwithCþþprograms.ThefollowingsectiongivesabriefintroductiontotheseWeb-programmingtechnologies.Fig.3.Equivalentloadtestresultsplottedvs.requests/s,fromstresstests.Fig.4.Resultsafteroptimization.V.Apteetal./ComputerCommunications26(2003)888898891

    注意事项

    本文(外文资料--Performance comparison of dynamic web platforms.pdf)为本站会员(淘***)主动上传,人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知人人文库网(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

    温馨提示:如果因为网速或其他原因下载失败请重新下载,重复下载不扣分。




    关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

    网站客服QQ:2881952447     

    copyright@ 2020-2025  renrendoc.com 人人文库版权所有   联系电话:400-852-1180

    备案号:蜀ICP备2022000484号-2       经营许可证: 川B2-20220663       公网安备川公网安备: 51019002004831号

    本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知人人文库网,我们立即给予删除!