机械外文翻译--数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策.doc

1NUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYANDEQUIPINGDEVELOPMENTTRENDANDCOUNTERMEASUREEQUIPENGINEERINGLEVEL,LEVELOFDETERMININGTHEWHOLENATIONALECONOMYOFTHEMODERNIZEDDEGREEANDMODERNIZEDDEGREEOFINDUSTRY,NUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYISITDEVELOPNEWDEVELOPINGNEWHIGHTECHINDUSTRYANDMOSTADVANCEDINDUSTRYTOEQUIPSUCHASINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYANDHISINDUSTRY,BIOTECHNOLOGYANDHISINDUSTRY,AVIATION,SPACEFLIGHT,ETCNATIONALDEFENSEINDUSTRYINDUSTRYLASTTECHNOLOGYANDGETTINGMOREBASICMOSTEQUIPMENTMARXHASEVERSAIDTHEDIFFERENCESOFDIFFERENTECONOMICTIMES,DONOTLIEINWHATISPRODUCED,ANDLIEINHOWTOPRODUCE,PRODUCEWITHSOMEMEANSOFLABORMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGYANDEQUIPINGTHEMOSTBASICMEANSOFPRODUCTIONTHATARETHATTHEMANKINDPRODUCEDTHEACTIVITY,ANDNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYISNOWADAYSADVANCEDMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGYANDEQUIPSTHEMOSTCENTRALTECHNOLOGYNOWADAYSTHEMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYALLAROUNDTHEWORLDADOPTSNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYEXTENSIVELY,INORDERTOIMPROVEMANUFACTURINGCAPACITYANDLEVEL,IMPROVETHEADAPTIVECAPACITYANDCOMPETITIVEPOWERTOTHECHANGEABLEMARKETOFTHETRENDSINADDITIONEVERYINDUSTRIALLYDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYINTHEWORLDALSOCLASSIFIESTHETECHNOLOGYANDNUMERICALCONTROLEQUIPMENTOFNUMERICALCONTROLASTHESTRATEGICMATERIALSOFTHECOUNTRY1DEVELOPMENTTRENDOFANUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYTHEAPPLICATIONOFNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYHASNOTONLYBROUGHTTHEREVOLUTIONARYCHANGETOMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYOFTHETRADITION,MAKETHEMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYBECOMETHEINDUSTRIALIZEDSYMBOL,ANDWITHTHECONSTANTDEVELOPMENTOFNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYANDENLARGEMENTOFTHEAPPLICATION,THEDEVELOPMENTOFSOMEIMPORTANTTRADESIT,AUTOMOBILE,LIGHTINDUSTRY,MEDICALTREATMENT,ETCTOTHENATIONALECONOMYANDTHEPEOPLESLIVELIHOODOFHISPLAYSAMOREANDMOREIMPORTANTROLE,BECAUSETHEDIGITIZATIONTHATTHESETRADESNEEDEDTOEQUIPHASALREADYBEENTHEMAINTRENDOFMODERNDEVELOPMENTNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYINTHEWORLDATPRESENTANDEQUIPINGTHEDEVELOPMENTTRENDTOSEE,THEREISTHEFOLLOWINGFOURRESPECTINITSMAINRESEARCHFOCUS11AHIGHSPEED,HIGHFINISHMACHININGTECHNOLOGYANDNEWTRENDEQUIPPEDTHEEFFICIENCY,QUALITYARESUBJAVANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGYHIGHSPEED,HIGHFINISHMACHININGTECHNOLOGYCANRAISETHEEFFICIENCYGREATLY,IMPROVETHEQUALITYANDGRADEOFTHEPRODUCTS,SHORTENPRODUCTIONCYCLEANDIMPROVETHEMARKETCOMPETITIVEPOWERJAPANCARRIESTHETECHNOLOGICALRESEARCHASSOCIATIONFIRSTTOCLASSIFYITASONEOFTHE52GREATMODERNMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGIESFORTHIS,LEARNCIRPTOCONFIRMITASTHECENTREINTHE21STCENTURYANDSTUDYONEOFTHEDIRECTIONSININTERNATIONALPRODUCTIONENGINEERINGINTHEFIELDOFCARINDUSTRY,PRODUCEONESECONDWHENBEATSUCHASPRODUCTIONOF300,000/VEHICLEPERYEAR,ANDMANYVARIETYPROCESSITISCARTHATEQUIPKEYPROBLEMTHATMUSTBESOLVEDONEOF；INTHEFIELDSOFAVIATIONANDAEROSPACEINDUSTRY,SPAREPARTSOFITSPROCESSINGAREMOSTLYTHETHINWALLANDTHINMUSCLE,RIGIDITYISVERYBAD,THEMATERIALISALUMINIUMORALUMINIUMALLOY,ONLYINASITUATIONTHATCUTTHESPEEDANDCUTSTRENGTHVERYSMALLHIGH,COULDPROCESSTHESEMUSCLES,WALLSADOPTLARGESCALEWHOLEALUMINIUMALLOYMETHODTHATBLANKPAYEMPTYMAKETHEWINGRECENTLY,SUCHLARGESCALEPARTSASTHEFUSELAGE,ETCCOMETOSUBSTITUTEALOTOFPARTSTOASSEMBLETHROUGHNUMEROUSRIVET,SCREWANDOTHERCONNECTIONWAY,MAKETHEINTENSITY,RIGIDITYANDDEPENDABILITYOFTHECOMPONENTIMPROVEDALLTHESE,TOPROCESSINGANDEQUIPINGTHEDEMANDWHICHHASPROPOSEDHIGHSPEED,HIGHPRECISEANDHIGHFLEXIBILITY12BECOMETHEMAINTRENDOFSYSTEMATICDEVELOPMENTOFCONTEMPORARYNUMERICALCONTROLINTELLIGENTLY,OPENLY,NETWORKEDLILYTHENUMERICALCONTROLEQUIPMENTINTHE21STCENTURYWILLBESURETHEINTELLIGENTSYSTEM,THEINTELLIGENTCONTENTINCLUDESALLRESPECTSINTHENUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMITISINTELLIGENTINORDERTOPURSUETHEEFFICIENCYOFPROCESSINGANDPROCESSQUALITY,CONTROLSUCHASTHESELFADAPTATIONOFTHEPROCESSINGCOURSE,THECRAFTPARAMETERISPRODUCEDAUTOMATICALLY；JOINTHECONVENIENTONEINORDERTOIMPROVETHEPERFORMANCEOFURGINGANDUSEINTELLIGENTLY,IFFEEDFORWARDCONTROL,ADAPTIVEOPERATION,ELECTRICALMACHINERYOFPARAMETER,DISCERNLOADSELECTMODELS,SINCEEXACTLYMAKESETCAUTOMATICALLYAUTOMATICALLY；THEONESTHATSIMPLIFIEDPROGRAMMING,SIMPLIFIEDOPERATINGASPECTAREINTELLIGENT,FORINSTANCEINTELLIGENTAUTOMATICPROGRAMMING,INTELLIGENTMANMACHINEINTERFACE,ETC；THEREARECONTENTOFINTELLIGENCEDIAGNOSE,INTELLIGENTMONITORING,DIAGNOSISCONVENIENTTOBESYSTEMATICANDMAINTAINING,ETCPRODUCETHEEXISTINGPROBLEMFORTHEINDUSTRIALIZATIONOFSOLVINGTHETRADITIONALNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMSEALINGANDNUMERICALCONTROLAPPLICATIONSOFTWAREALOTOFCOUNTRIESCARRYONRESEARCHTOTHEOPENNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMATPRESENT,SUCHASNGCOFUSATHENEXTGENERATIONWORKSTATION/MACHINECONTROL,OSACAOFEUROPEANCOMMUNITYOPENSYSTEMARCHITECTUREFORCONTROLWITHINAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS,OSECOPENSYSTEMENVIRONMENTFORCONTROLLEROFJAPAN,ONCOPENNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMOFCHINA,ETCTHENUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMMELTSTO3BECOMETHEFUTUREWAYOFTHENUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMOPENTHESOCALLEDOPENNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMISTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHENUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMCANBEONUNIFIEDOPERATIONPLATFORM,FACETHELATHEPRODUCERANDENDUSER,THROUGHCHANGING,INCREASINGORCUTTINGOUTTHESTRUCTURETARGETNUMERICALCONTROLFUNCTION,FORMTHESERIATION,ANDCANUSEUSERSSPECIALLYCONVENIENTLYANDTHETECHNICALKNOWHOWISINTEGRATEDINTHECONTROLSYSTEM,REALIZETHEOPENNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMOFDIFFERENTVARIETY,DIFFERENTGRADEFAST,FORMLEADINGBRANDPRODUCTSWITHDISTINCTDISTINCTIONSYSTEMSTRUCTURENORMOFTHEOPENNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMATPRESENT,COMMUNICATIONNORM,DISPOSINGNORM,OPERATIONPLATFORM,NUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMATICFUNCTIONSTOREHOUSEANDNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMATICFUNCTIONSOFTWAREDEVELOPING,ETCISTHECOREOFPRESENTRESEARCH2PAIRSOFBASICESTIMATIONSOFTECHNOLOGYANDINDUSTRYDEVELOPMENTOFNUMERICALCONTROLOFOURCOUNTRYTHETECHNOLOGYOFNUMERICALCONTROLOFOURCOUNTRYSTARTEDIN1958,THEDEVELOPMENTCOURSEINTHEPAST50YEARSCANROUGHLYBEDIVIDEDINTO3STAGESTHEFIRSTSTAGEISFROM1958TO1979,NAMELYCLOSEDDEVELOPINGSTAGEINTHISSTAGES,BECAUSETECHNOLOGYOFFOREIGNCOUNTRIESBLOCKADEANDBASICRESTRICTIONOFTERMSOFOURCOUNTRY,THEDEVELOPMENTOFNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYISCOMPARATIVELYSLOWDURINGSIXTHFIVEYEARPLANPERIOD”,“THESEVENTHFIVEYEARPLANPERIODOFTHECOUNTRYINSECONDSTAGEANDEARLIERSTAGEINTHEEIGHTHFIVEYEARPLANPERIOD,NAMELYINTRODUCETECHNOLOGY,DIGESTANDASSIMILATE,THESTAGEOFESTABLISHINGTHESYSTEMOFPRODUCTIONDOMESTICIZATIONARISESINGTENTATIVELYATTHISSTAGE,BECAUSEOFREFORMANDOPENINGUPANDNATIONALATTENTION,ANDSTUDYTHEIMPROVEMENTOFTHEDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTANDINTERNATIONALENVIRONMENT,RESEARCH,DEVELOPMENTANDALLMAKINGCONSIDERABLEPROGRESSINPRODUCTIONDOMESTICIZATIONOFTHEPRODUCTSOFTHETECHNOLOGYOFNUMERICALCONTROLOFOURCOUNTRYTHETHIRDSTAGEISANDDURINGTHENINTHFIVEYEARPLANPERIODONTHELATERSTAGEIN“THEEIGHTHFIVEYEARPLANPERIODOFTHECOUNTRY,NAMELYIMPLEMENTTHERESEARCHOFINDUSTRIALIZATION,ENTERMARKETCOMPETITIONSTAGEATTHISSTAGE,MADESUBSTANTIVEPROGRESSININDUSTRIALIZATIONOFTHEDOMESTICNUMERICALCONTROLEQUIPMENTOFOURCOUNTRYINLATTERSTAGEFORTHENINTHFIVEYEARPLAN,THEDOMESTICOCCUPATIONRATEOFMARKETOFTHEDOMESTICNUMERICALCONTROLLATHEISUPTO50,ITISUPTO10TOOTOMIXTHEDOMESTICNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMPOPULARMAKEAGENERALSURVEYOFTHEDEVELOPMENTCOURSEINTHEPAST50YEARSOF4TECHNOLOGYOFNUMERICALCONTROLOFOURCOUNTRY,ESPECIALLYTHROUGHTACKLINGKEYPROBLEMSOF4FIVEYEARPLANS,ALLINALLHASMADEFOLLOWINGACHIEVEMENTSAHAVEESTABLISHTHEFOUNDATIONOFTHETECHNICALDEVELOPMENTOFNUMERICALCONTROL,HASMASTEREDMODERNNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYBASICALLYOURCOUNTRYHASALREADY,THENUMERICALCONTROLHOSTCOMPUTER,BASICTECHNOLOGYOFSPECIALPLANEANDFITTINGSGRASPEDANDDRIVENFROMTHENUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMANDSERVOLYBASICALLYNOW,AMONGTHEMMOSTTECHNOLOGYHAVEALREADYPOSSESSEDANDCOMMERCIALIZEDTHEFOUNDATIONDEVELOPED,SOMETECHNOLOGYHASALREADY,INDUSTRIALIZATIONCOMMERCIALIZEDBHAVEFORMEDTHEINDUSTRIALBASEOFNUMERICALCONTROLTENTATIVELYINTACKLINGKEYPROBLEMSTHEFOUNDATIONTHATTHEACHIEVEMENTANDSOMETECHNOLOGYCOMMERCIALIZE,SETUPTHESYSTEMATICFACTORIESOFNUMERICALCONTROLWITHPRODUCTIONCAPACITYINBATCHESSUCHASNUMERICALCONTROLINCENTRALCHINA,NUMERICALCONTROLOFTHESPACEFLIGHTETCELECTRICALMACHINERYPLANTOFLANZHOU,SUCHFACTORYANDTHEFIRSTMACHINETOOLPLANTOFBEIJING,THEFIRSTMACHINETOOLPLANTOFJINAN,ETCSEVERALNUMERICALCONTROLHOSTCOMPUTERFACTORIESOFABATCHOFSERVOSYSTEMSANDSERVOELECTRICALMACHINERIESASTHENUMERICALCONTROLINCENTRALCHINA,ETCTHESEFACTORIESHAVEFORMEDTHENUMERICALCONTROLINDUSTRIALBASEOFOURCOUNTRYBASICALLYWATCHFROMWORLD,ESTIMATEROUGHLYASFOLLOWSABOUTTHEENGINEERINGLEVELOFNUMERICALCONTROLOFOURCOUNTRYANDINDUSTRIALIZATIONLEVELAONTHEENGINEERINGLEVEL,INPROBABLYBACKWARD101YEARSWITHTHEADVANCEDLEVELINFOREIGNCOUNTRIES,ITISBIGGERINHIGHQUALITYPRECISIONANDSOPHISTICATEDTECHNOLOGYBONTHEINDUSTRIALIZATIONLEVEL,THEOCCUPATIONRATEOFMARKETISLOW,THEVARIETYCOVERAGERATEISLITTLE,HAVENOTFORMEDTHELARGESCALEPRODUCTIONYET；THESPECIALIZEDLEVELOFPRODUCTIONOFFUNCTIONPARTANDABILITYOFFORMINGACOMPLETESETARERELATIVELYLOW；APPEARANCEQUALITYISRELATIVELYPOOR；DEPENDABILITYISNOTHIGH,THECOMMERCIALIZEDDEGREEISINSUFFICIENT；ONESOWNBRANDEFFECTTHATTHEDOMESTICNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEMHASNOTBEENSETUPYET,USERSHAVEINSUFFICIENTCONFIDENCEITISANALYSEDTHATTHEMAINREASONFORHAVINGABOVEMENTIONEDDISPARITYHASTHEFOLLOWINGSEVERALRESPECTAREALIZETHERESPECTKNOWTOINDUSTRYSPROCESSARDUOUSNESS,COMPLEXITYANDLONGTERMCHARACTERISTICOFDOMESTICNUMERICALCONTROLINSUFFICIENTLY；ITISDIFFICULTTOUNDERESTIMATETOADDSTRANGLING,SYSTEM,ETCTOTHEUNSTANDARD,FOREIGNBLOCKADEOF