外文翻译--在液压传动控制系统设计的结构分析.doc

STRUCTURALANALYSISINCONTROLSYSTEMSDESIGNOFHYDRAULICDRIVESBENNOSTEIN,ELMARVIERABSTRACTTHEDESIGNOFHYDRAULICCONTROLSYSTEMSISACOMPLEXANDTIMECONSUMINGTASKTHAT,ATTHEMOMENT,CANNOTBEAUTOMATEDCOMPLETELYNEVERTHELESS,IMPORTANTDESIGNSUBTASKSLIKESIMULATIONORCONTROLCONCEPTSELECTIONCANBEEFFICIENTLYSUPPORTEDBYACOMPUTERPREREQUISITEFORASUCCESSFULSUPPORTISAWELLFOUNDEDANALYSISOFAHYDRAULICSYSTEMSSTRUCTURETHISPAPERPROVIDESASYSTEMATICSFORANALYZINGAHYDRAULICSYSTEMATDIFFERENTSTRUCTURALLEVELSANDILLUSTRATESHOWSTRUCTURALINFORMATIONCANBEUSEDWITHINTHEDESIGNPROCESSANOTHERIMPORTANTPOINTOFTHISPAPERISTHEAUTOMATICEXTRACTIONOFSTRUCTURALINFORMATIONFROMACIRCUITDIAGRAMBYMEANSOFGRAPHTHEORETICALINVESTIGATIONSKEYWORDSALGORITHMSANDKNOWLEDGEBASEDMETHODSFORCACSD；STRUCTURALANALYSISOFHYDRAULICSYSTEMS；GRAPHTHEORY1INTRODUCTIONHYDROSTATICDRIVESPROVIDEADVANTAGEOUSDYNAMICPROPERTIESANDTHEREFOREREPRESENTAMAJORDRIVINGCONCEPTFORINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSLARGESCALEHYDRAULICSYSTEMSSUCHASPLANTSINMARINETECHNOLOGYASWELLASDRIVESFORMACHINETOOLSPOSSESSALARGENUMBEROFACTUATORSCONSEQUENTLY,SOPHISTICATEDINTERDEPENDENCESBETWEENSINGLECOMPONENTSORENTIRESUBSYSTEMSMAYOCCUR,WHICHLEADSTOAVARIETYOFCHALLENGINGANDDEMANDINGDESIGNANDCONTROLTASKSASAREPRESENTATIVEEXAMPLEWITHRESPECTTOCOMPLEXITYANDDIMENSION,FIG1SHOWSTHECIRCUITDIAGRAMOFACOLDROLLINGPLANTWESSLING,1995；EBERTSHAUSER,1994HERE,MORETHAN20ACTUATORSWORKONTHECOILEDSTEELSTRIPSDESIGNINGSUCHLARGEHYDRAULICCONTROLSYSTEMSIMPLIESASYSTEMATICPROCEDUREINPRACTICE,THISISDONERATHERIMPLICITLY}BASEDONTHEINTUITIONANDTHEEXPERIENCEOFTHEHUMANDESIGNERTHISPAPERINTRODUCESASYSTEMATICSOFHYDROSTATICDRIVESWHICHREVEALTHEIRUNDERLYINGSTRUCTURES,ASWELLASRELATIONSANDDEPENDENCIESAMONGSUBSTRUCTURESTHISAPPROACHALLOWSATHOROUGHSTRUCTURALANALYSISFROMWHICHFUNDAMENTACONCLUSIONSFORTHEAUTOMATIONOFTHEDESIGNPROCESSCANBEDRAWNTHECONCEPTSOFTHISPAPERHAVEBEENREALIZEDANDINTEGRATEDWITHINDECO,AKNOWLEDGEBASEDSYSTEMFORHYDRAULICDESIGNSUPPORTSTEIN,1995CURRENTLY,DECOCOMBINESBASICCADFACILITIESTAILOREDTOUIDICS,CHECKINGANDSTRUCTUREANALYSISALGORITHMS,SIMULATIONMETHODS,ANDBASICDESIGNRULEPROCESSINGTHEOPERATIONALIZATIONOFHYDRAULICDESIGNKNOWLEDGEREQUIRESAFORMALDEFINITIONANDAUTOMATICEXTRACTIONOFSTRUCTURALINFORMATIONFROMACIRCUITDIAGRAMTHEPAPERCONTRIBUTESWITHINTHESERESPECTS；ITISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSSECTION2DESCRIBESBOTHCONCEPTUALLYANDEXEMPLARILYTHESTRUCTURALLEVELSATWHICHAHYDRAULICSYSTEMCANBEINVESTIGATEDSECTION3BRIEFLYDISCUSSESTHEBENEFITSTHATGOALONGWITHASTRUCTURALANALYSISSECTION4PRECISELYDEFINESDIFFERENTTYPESOFCOUPLINGSBETWEENTHEFUNCTIONALUNITSOFAHYDRAULICSYSTEM,HENCEESTABLISHINGABASISFORACOMPUTERBASEDANALYSISMOREOVER,ITISOUTLINEDHOWASTRUCTURALANALYSISISAUTOMATEDSECTION5OUTLINESTHEEXPLOITATIONOFSTRUCTURALINFORMATIONWITHINDECO2STRUCTURALANALYSISOFHYDRAULICSYSTEMSTHEMAJORITYOFHYDRAULICSYSTEMSISDESIGNEDBYEXPLOITINGTHEEXPERIENCEANDINTUITIONOFASINGLEENGINEERDUETOTHELACKOFASTRUCTURALMETHODOLOGY,ATHOROUGHANALYSISOFTHESYSTEMSTRUCTUREISNOTCARRIEDOUTINSTEAD,ALIMITEDREPERTORYOFPOSSIBLESOLUTIONSISUSED,MAKINGTHERESULTHIGHLYDEPENDENTONTHECAPABILITIESOFTHEINDIVIDUALSUCHANAPPROACHISSUITABLEONLYFORRECURRINGDESIGNTASKSWITHLITTLEVARIATIONINTHEFOLLOWING,ASYSTEMATICSOFTHESTRUCTURALSETUPOFHYDRAULICPLANTSISINTRODUCEDWHICHLEADSTOAPROBLEMORIENTEDSYSTEMANALYSISITSAPPLICATIONTOAHYDROSTATICDRIVEGIVENASAPRELIMINARYDESIGNFACILITATESACONSEQUENTANDPURPOSIVEDERIVATIONOFSTRUCTURALINFORMATION,WHICHISNECESSARYTOMAKETHESYSTEMSBEHAVIORMEETTHECUSTOMERSDEMANDS21STRUCTURALLEVELSOFHYDRAULICSYSTEMSTHESYSTEMATICSDEVELOPEDHEREISBASEDONTHREELEVELSOFABSTRACTIONTHEDIFFERENTIATIONBETWEENFUNCTIONALSTRUCTURE,COMPONENTSTRUCTURE,ANDSYSTEMTHEORETICALSTRUCTURECORRESPONDSTOSYSTEMDESCRIPTIONSOFDIFFERENTCHARACTERISTICSFIG2FROMTHISDISTINCTIONRESULTSANOVERALLVIEWOFHOWTOINFLUENCETHESYSTEMSBEHAVIORTOILLUSTRATETHECONCEPTOFSTRUCTURALLEVELS,WEWILLCONCENTRATEONASAMPLESUBSYSTEMOFTHECOLDROLLINGPLANT,THEFOURROLLSTANDISSKETCHEDINFIG3THEFUNCTIONALSTRUCTURESHOWSTHEFUNDAMENTALMODESOFACTIONOFAHYDRAULICCIRCUITBYANALYZINGTHEDIFFERENTTASKSFUNCTIONSTHEPLANTHASTOFULFILLITREPRESENTSSOMEKINDOFQUALITATIVESYSTEMDESCRIPTIONAKEYELEMENTWITHINTHEFUNCTIONALSTRUCTUREISTHESOCALLEDHYDRAULICAXIS,WHICHISDEFINEDASFOLLOWSAHYDRAULICAXISAREPRESENTSANDFULFILLSASUBFUNCTIONFOFANENTIREHYDRAULICPLANTADEFINESTHECONNECTIONSANDTHEINTERPLAYAMONGTHOSEWORKING,CONTROL,ANDSUPPLYELEMENTSTHATREALIZEFTHEHYDRAULICACTUATORSOFTHEFOURROLLSTANDPERFORMTWOTASKSEACHOFWHICHDEFINEDBYADIRECTIONALLOADANDMOTIONALQUANTITIESAREPRESENTATIONOFTHEROLLSTANDATTHEFUNCTIONALLEVELISGIVENINFIG4THEDETECTIONOFHYDRAULICAXESANDTHEIRINTERDEPENDENCESADMITSFARREACHINGCONCLUSIONS,WHICHARESTATEDINSECTION3ONTHELEVELOFTHECOMPONENTSTRUCTURETHECHOSENREALIZATIONOFAFUNCTIONISINVESTIGATEDTHEARRANGEMENTSTRUCTURECOMPRISESINFORMATIONONTHEHYDRAULICELEMENTSPUMPS,VALVES,CYLINDERS,ETCASWELLASTHEIRGEOMETRICANDPHYSICALARRANGEMENTBYTHESWITCHINGSTATESTRUCTURETHEENTIRETYOFTHEPOSSIBLECOMBINATIONSOFSWITCHINGPOSITIONSISCHARACTERIZEDAVALVE,FORINSTANCE,CANBEOPENORCLOSEDFIG6DEPICTSTHEREPRESENTATIONOFTHEROLLSTANDATTHECOMPONENTLEVELTHESYSTEMTHEORETICALSTRUCTURECONTAINSINFORMATIONONTHEDYNAMICBEHAVIOROFBOTHTHEHYDRAULICDRIVEASAWHOLEANDITSSINGLECOMPONENTSCOMMONWAYSOFDESCRIBINGDYNAMICSAREDIFFERENTIALANDDIFFERENCEEQUATIONSORTHESTATESPACEFORMSCHWARZ,1991THESYSTEMTHEORETICALVIEWCOMPRISESINFORMATIONONTHECONTROLLEDQUANTITIES,ASWELLASTHEDYNAMICBEHAVIOROFTHECONTROLLEDSYSTEMTHEBLOCKDIAGRAMINFIG7REVEALSTHESYSTEMTHEORETICALSTRUCTUREOFTHEROLLSTANDBYCOMPARINGANALYSISANDSIMULATIONRESULTSWITHTHEPERFORMANCEDEMANDSATTHEDRIVE,ADECISIONCANBEMADEFOREACHHYDRAULICAXISWHETHEROPENORCLOSEDLOOPCONTROLCONCEPTSAREADEQUATEINAFURTHERSTEP,ANAPPROPRIATECONTROLSTRATEGYLINEAR,NONLINEAR,ETCCANBEASSIGNEDREMARKSWHILETHEFUNCTIONALSTRUCTUREYIELDSAQUALITATIVEREPRESENTATION,THESYSTEMDESCRIPTIONBECOMESMOREQUANTITATIVEATTHECOMPONENTANDSYSTEMTHEORETICALLEVEL,RESPECTIVELYMOREOVER,THEANALYSISOFTHESTRUCTURALSETUPSHOWSINWHICHWAYTHEBEHAVIOROFAHYDRAULICPLANTCANBEINFLUENCEDCFFIG21ATFIRST,THEFUNCTIONALSTRUCTUREMUSTBECONSIDEREDASINVARIANT,BECAUSEITRESULTSFROMTHECUSTOMERSDEMANDSONLYIFTHEGIVENSTRUCTUREPROVESTOBEUNSATISFACTORY,AMODIFICATION}RESULTINGFROMAHEURISTICANALYSISAPPROACH}ISADVISABLE；2NOTETHATATTHECOMPONENTLEVEL,ACOMBINATIONOFHEURISTICANDANALYTICMETHODSISREQUIREDFORTHEVARIATIONOREXCHANGEOFHYDRAULICELEMENTS,WHICHFORMTHECONTROLLEDSYSTEM；3THESYSTEMTHEORETICALLEVELFACILITATESTHEINVESTIGATIONOFTHEDYNAMICBEHAVIORCONTROLTHEORYPROVIDESANANALYTICAPPROACHFORTHESELECTIONOFASUITABLECONTROLSTRATEGY,PARAMETERIZATION,ETC22HYDRAULICAXESANDTHEIRCOUPLINGSFOCUSINGONTHEINVESTIGATIONOFTHEFUNCTIONALSTRUCTUREOFHYDRAULICSYSTEMS,THEDETECTIONANDEVALUATIONOFHYDRAULICAXESISOFCENTRALINTERESTTHEIRANALYSISCONTRIBUTESTOADEEPERUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEINNERCORRELATIONSOFTHEPLANTANDPROVIDESANOVERVIEWOFTHEENERGYFLOWSWITHRESPECTTOTHEFUNCTIONSTOBEFULFILLEDTHEDEFINITIONOFTHEHYDRAULICAXISGIVENINSECTION21ISBASEDONTHECRITERIONOFELEMENTSWORKINGTOGETHERINORDERTOFULFILLASINGLEFUNCTIONNOTETHATSEVERALACTUATORSHYDRAULICMOTORS/CYLINDERSMAYCONTRIBUTETOTHESAMEFUNCTION,THUSFORMINGASINGLEHYDRAULICAXISFIG8THISSITUATIONISGIVENFORAIDENTICALSUBCIRCUITSTHATARECONTROLLEDBYONESINGLECONTROLELEMENT,BSYNCHRONIZEDMOVEMENTSTHATARECARRIEDOUTBYOPENORCLOSEDLOOPCONTROL,ORC,DMECHANICALCOUPLINGSSUCHASGUIDESANDGEARUNITSTHATENFORCEAUNIQUEBEHAVIORBEYONDTHECONSIDERATIONOFISOLATEDHYDRAULICAXES,ITISNECESSARYTOINVESTIGATETHEIRINTERDEPENDENCESTHEFOLLOWINGCOUPLINGTYPESHAVEBEENWORKEDOUTLEVEL0NOCOUPLINGHYDRAULICAXESPOSSESSNOCOUPLING,IFTHEREISNEITHERAPOWERNORANINFORMATIONALCONNECTIONBETWEENTHEMLEVEL1INFORMATIONALCOUPLINGHYDRAULICAXESWHICHARECONNECTEDONLYBYCONTROLCONNECTIONSARECALLEDINFORMATIONALLYCOUPLEDLEVEL2PARALLELCOUPLINGHYDRAULICAXESWHICHPOSSESSTHEIROWNACCESSTOACOMMONPOWERSUPPLYARECOUPLEDINPARALLELLEVEL3SERIESCOUPLINGASERIESCOUPLINGCONNECTSTHEHYDRAULICAXESWHOSEPOWERSUPPLYORDISPOSALISREALIZEDVIATHEPRECEDINGORTHEFOLLOWINGAXISLEVEL4SEQUENTIALCOUPLINGASEQUENTIALCOUPLINGISGIVEN,IFTHEPERFORMANCEOFAFOLLOWINGAXISDEPENDSONTHESTATEVARIABLES,EGTHEPRESSUREORTHEPOSITIONOFTHEPRECEDINGONEINORDERTOWORKINASEQUENCEAPPLYINGTHECONCEPTOFFUNCTIONALSTRUCTURETOTHECOLDROLLINGPLANTOFFIG1,15HYDRAULICAXESALONGWITHTHEIRCOUPLINGSCANBEFOUNDTHELEFTHANDSIDEOFFIG9ENVISIONSTHEMEMBERSHIPOFTHECOMPONENTSINTHEDIAGRAMTOTHEAXES,THERIGHTHANDSIDESHOWSTHEENTIRECOUPLINGSCHEMEINTHEFORMOFATREE3BENEFITSOFASTRUCTURALANALYSISASTRUCTURALANALYSISOFHYDRAULICSYSTEMSREVEALSBASICDESIGNDECISIONSESPECIALLYTHEFUNCTIONALANALYSIS,WHICHISBASEDONTHEDETECTIONOFASYSTEMSHYDRAULICAXES,WILLSIMPLIFYTHEMODIFICATION,THEEXTENSION,ANDTHEADAPTATIONOFTHESYSTEMSTEIN,1996THESEPARATETREATMENTOFHYDRAULICAXESREMARKABLYREDUCESTHEDESIGNEFFORTWITHINTHEFOLLOWINGRESPECTSSMARTSIMULATIONSMARTSIMULATIONISAHUMANSTRATEGYWHENANALYZINGACOMPLEXSYSTEMSUBSYSTEMSAREIDENTIFIED,CUTFREE,ANDSIMULATEDONTHEIROWNTHISSTRATEGYREDUCESTHESIMULATIONCOMPLEXITYANDSIMPLIFIESTHEINTERPRETATIONOFITSRESULTSHYDRAULICAXESESTABLISHSUITEDSUBSYSTEMSTOBECUTFREE,SINCETHEYPERFORMANINDIVISIBLEBUTCOMPLETESUBTASKSTATICDESIGNINFORMATIONONTHEHYDRAULICAXESDRIVINGCONCEPTOPEN/CLOSEDCENTER,LOADSENSING,REGENERATIVECIRCUIT,ETCALLOWSTHESELECTIONOFCOMPUTATIONPROCEDURESRELATINGTHESTATICDESIGNMOREOVER,THEAPPLICATIONOFMODIFICATIONKNOWLEDGEHASTOCONSIDERTHEAXESCOUPLINGLEVELSCONTROLCONCEPTSELECTIONTHECONSIDERATIONOFCOUPLINGSBETWEENINPUTANDOUTPUTVARIABLESSUPPLIESANECESSARYDECISIONBASISFORTHESELECTIONOFCONTROLCONCEPTSANALYZINGTHEDECOUPLABILITYMATRIXDSCHWARZ,1991YIELDSACOMMONAPPROACHHERENOTETHATTHESYSTEMORDERTHATCANBETACKLEDISLIMITEDTHEFUNCTIONALSTRUCTUREANALYSISPROVIDESASEPARATIONINTO1SISOSYSTEMS,TOWHICHSTANDARDMETHODSOFCONTROLLERDESIGNCANBEAPPLIED,AND2COUPLEDSUBSYSTEMSOFAREDUCEDORDER,FORWHICHDECOUPLABILITYCANBEINVESTIGATEDMOREEFFICIENTLYOREVENBECOMESPOSSIBLEATALLDIAGNOSISHAVINGAHYDRAULICCIRCUITDECOMPOSEDINTOITSHYDRAULICAXES,THEDIAGNOSISPROCESSCANFOCUSONTOASINGLEAXISACCORDINGTOTHEFOLLOWINGWORKINGHYPOTHESISIFSYMPTOMSAREOBSERVEDMERELYATASINGLEHYDRAULICAXIS,THENTHEDEFECTCOMPONENTSMUSTBEAMONGSTTHECOMPONENTSOFTHISAXISIFSYMPTOMSAREOBSERVEDATSEVERALAXES,THEAXESCOUPLINGTYPEWILLGIVEFURTHERANSWERSWITHRESPECTTODEFECTCOMPONENTSHESSEANDSTEIN1998DESCRIBEASYSTEMWHERET