外文翻译--数控加工工艺.doc

英文原文CNCMACHININGPROCESSFIRST,OURCOUNTRYSHISTORYOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEM1OURCOUNTRYSINCE1958,BYAGROUPOFRESEARCHINSTITUTES,COLLEGESANDUNIVERSITIESANDAFEWSTARTEDTOCNCMACHINETOOLPLANTOFTHERESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTSYSTEMATTHATTIME,DUETOTHELOWLEVELOFDOMESTICELECTRONICCOMPONENTS,SUCHASTHEDEPARTMENTOFECONOMICCONSTRAINTS,LACKOFALARGERDEVELOPMENT2INTHEREFORMANDOPENINGUP,CHINASNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYGRADUALLYACHIEVESUBSTANTIALDEVELOPMENTAFTER658185YEARSTHEINTRODUCTIONOFFOREIGNTECHNOLOGY,758690YEARSOFTHEDIGESTIONANDABSORPTIONANDTHEEIGHTHFIVEYEARPLAN91195YEARSNATIONALORGANIZATIONOFSCIENTIFICANDTECHNOLOGICAL,THATMAKESOURCOUNTRYSCNCTECHNOLOGYHASAQUALITATIVELEAPINACCEPTANCEATTHATTIME,THROUGHRESEARCHANDIDENTIFICATIONOFCOUNTRYPRODUCTSINCLUDINGBEIJINGEVERESTSCHINESEI,CENTRALCHINASCENTRALNCIANDAFEWHIGHENDSHENYANGNATIONALENGINEERINGRESEARCHCENTERFORCONTROLOFBLUEI,ASWELLASOTHERTHROUGHTHENATIONALQUALITYSUPERVISIONANDTESTCENTERMACHINETESTNCSYSTEMOFQUALIFIEDDOMESTICCOMPANIESSUCHASNANJING,FOURPRODUCTS3CHINASCNCMACHINETOOLMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYINTHE80SHADTHESTAGEOFRAPIDDEVELOPMENT,MANYMACHINETOOLPLANTPRODUCTSFROMTRADITIONALPRODUCTSTOTHENCTRANSITIONBUT,GENERALLYSPEAKING,THETECHNOLOGICALLEVELISNOTHIGH,THEQUALITYOFTHEPOOR,SOINTHEEARLY90SFACINGTHECOUNTRYSECONOMYFROMAPLANNEDECONOMYTOAMARKETECONOMYANDADJUSTTHETRANSFERWENTTHROUGHTHEMOSTDIFFICULTYEARSOFTHEDEPRESSIONPERIOD,THEPRODUCTIONCAPACITYATTHATTIMEDOWNTO50,MORETHANFOURMONTHINVENTORYFROM1995,NINTHFIVEYEARPLANTOEXPANDDOMESTICDEMANDFROMTHECOUNTRYAFTERTHEMACHINETOOLMARKETTOSTART,SOASTOREINFORCETHEAPPROVALOFIMPORTSOFCNCEQUIPMENT,INVESTMENTFOCUSEDONSUPPORTFORKEYNUMERICALCONTROLSYSTEM,EQUIPMENT,TECHNOLOGIESOFCNCEQUIPMENTHASPLAYEDASIGNIFICANTROLE,ESPECIALLYIN1999,THECOUNTRYSDEFENSEINDUSTRYTOCIVILIANINDUSTRYANDTHEKEYTOPUTTINGINALOTOFTECHNICALDEPARTMENTFUNDS,TOENABLECNCEQUIPMENTMANUFACTURERMARKETTHRIVINGTHREE,CNCTECHNOLOGYANDEQUIPMENTOFCARSCUTCNCLATHEMACHININGLATHETECHNOLOGYANDPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGYSIMILARTO,BUTBECAUSEOFCNCLATHEISAFIXTURE,FORAUTOMATICPROCESSINGOFALLFINISHTURNINGPROCESS,WHICHSHOULDPAYATTENTIONTOTHEFOLLOWINGASPECTS1AREASONABLESELECTIONCUTTINGFORTHEHIGHEFFICIENCYMETALCUTTINGPROCESSING,THEPROCESSEDMATERIALS,CUTTINGTOOLS,CUTTINGCONDITIONSISTHETHREEMAJORELEMENTSTHESEDETERMINETHEPROCESSINGTIME,TOOLLIFEANDPROCESSINGQUALITYCOSTEFFECTIVEPROCESSINGMETHODSMUSTBEAREASONABLECHOICEOFTHECUTTINGCONDITIONSTHREEELEMENTSOFCUTTINGCONDITIONSCUTTINGSPEED,FEEDRATEANDCUTTINGDEPTHOFTHEDAMAGEDIRECTLYCAUSEDBYTHETOOLWITHTHEINCREASEINCUTTINGSPEED,TOOLTIPTEMPERATUREWILLRISE；WILLHAVEMECHANICAL,CHEMICAL,THERMALWEARANDTEAR20INCREASEINCUTTINGSPEED；TOOLLIFEWILLREDUCETHE1/2FEEDCONDITIONSANDTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTOOLWEARANDTEARATTHEBACKOFAVERYSMALLAREAOFHOWEVER,THEFEEDRATE,CUTTINGTEMPERATURERISE,WEARBIGBEHINDTHANTHEIMPACTOFCUTTINGSPEEDONTOOLSMALLDEPTHOFCUTONTHETOOLSDIDNOTAFFECTTHECUTTINGSPEEDANDFEEDRATE,BUTATSMALLCUTTINGDEPTHOFCUTWHENCUTTINGMATERIALSHAVEBEENHARDENEDLAYER,WHICHWILLAFFECTTHETOOLLIFETHEUSERISPROCESSEDACCORDINGTOTHEMATERIAL,HARDNESS,CUTTINGSTATUS,MATERIALTYPE,FEEDRATE,CUTTINGDEPTH,SUCHASTHEOPTIONOFUSINGTHECUTTINGSPEEDTHEMOSTAPPROPRIATESELECTIONSOFPROCESSINGCONDITIONSAREATTHEBASISOFTHESEFACTORSISSELECTEDHAVERULES,STABILITY,WORNANDTEARISTOACHIEVETHEIDEALCONDITIONSFORLIFEHOWEVER,INACTUALOPERATION,THESELECTIONTOOLLIFEANDTOOLWEAR,THESIZEOFCHANGESINPROCESSING,SURFACEQUALITY,CUTTINGNOISE,HEATPROCESSINGANDSOONINDETERMININGTHEPROCESSINGCONDITIONSREQUIREDTOSTUDYTHEACTUALSITUATIONTHEHEATRESISTANTALLOYSSUCHASSTAINLESSSTEELANDHARDMATERIALS,THECOOLANTCANBEUSEDBESTTOUSERIGIDBLADE2REASONABLESELECTIONTOOL1WHENROUGH,ITISNECESSARYTOCHOOSEHIGHSTRENGTH,GOODDURABILITYTOOL,INORDERTOMEETTHEROUGHKNIFEWHENEATINGLARGEBACKVOLUME,THEFEEDREQUIREMENTS2FINECAR,ITISNECESSARYTOCHOOSEHIGHPRECISION,DURABILITYGOODTOOLTOENSURETHATTHEREQUIREMENTSOFMACHININGACCURACY3INORDERTOREDUCETOOLCHANGETIMEANDCONVENIENCEOFTHEKNIFESHOULDBEUSEDMACHINESANDMACHINEFOLDERKNIFEBLADE3AREASONABLESELECTIONFIXTURE1GENERALSELECTIONTRYTHEWORKPIECECLAMPINGFIXTURETOAVOIDTHEUSEOFADEDICATEDFIXTURE；2POSITIONINGTHEBASEPARTSOVERLAPSOASTOREDUCETHEPOSITIONINGERROR4TODETERMINETHEPROCESSINGROUTEPROCESSINGROUTEISTHEINDEXCONTROLLEDMACHININGPROCESS,TOOLPARTSRELATIVETRAJECTORYANDDIRECTIONOFSPORTS1SHOULDBEABLETOENSURETHEMACHININGACCURACYANDSURFACEROUGHNESSREQUIREMENTS；2SHOULDTRYTOSHORTENTHEPROCESSINGROUTE,REDUCINGTRAVELTIMEANDAIRKNIVES5PROCESSINGROUTEOFCONTACTWITHALLOWANCEATPRESENT,CNCLATHESHAVENOTYETACHIEVEDTHEUNIVERSALACCESSTOCONDITIONS,THEGENERALSHOULDBEPUTONTOOMUCHROUGHMARGIN,ESPECIALLYWITHFORGING,CASTINGHARDCUSHIONCORTEXINGENERALLATHEPROCESSINGMUSTBESUCHASCNCLATHE,THENEEDTOPAYATTENTIONTOPROCESSFLEXIBILITY6FIXTURETOINSTALLTHEMAINPOINTSATPRESENT,THEHYDRAULICCLAMPINGCHUCKANDHYDRAULICCYLINDERARECONNECTEDBYTHERODOFTHEIMPLEMENTATION,INFIGURE1HYDRAULICCLAMPINGCHUCKASFOLLOWSFIRSTOFALL,BYMOVINGONHANDTOUNLOADTHENUTHYDRAULICCYLINDER,THEDISCHARGEOFSLIDE,ANDBACKENDFROMTHESPINDLEOUT,ANDTHENMOVETHEHANDSTOUNLOADSCREWCHUCKCANBEDISPOSEDOFUNDERTHECHUCKFOUR,EFFECTIVELYTURNINGAREASONABLESAVEPROCESSINGTIMEINDEXTURNINGCENTERSG200INTEGRATEDPROCESSINGUNITWITHAMODULAR,HIGHPOWERTWOAXISLINKAGEAXISFUNCTION,THUSFURTHERSHORTENINGTHEPROCESSINGTIMEWITHOTHERMEANSOFJOBAXISOPPOSITETOTHECONCEPTOFCLAMPING,THEUSEOFTHEPRODUCTCANBEINTEGRATEDINTELLIGENTPROCESSINGUNITINPLACESOTHATTHEWORKPIECECLAMPINGANDAUTOMATICPROCESSINGINOTHERWORDS,THEAUTOMATICSETUPWILLNOTBEAFFECTEDBYTHEPROCESSINGOFANOTHERAXIS,AFEATURETHATCANBESHORTENEDABOUT10OFTHEPROCESSINGTIMEINADDITION,THEFOURPROCESSINGVERYQUICKLY,YOUCANSIMULTANEOUSLYHAVETWOPROCESSINGTOOLWHENTHEMACHINEISPUTINTOUSEINPAIRS,THEEFFICIENCYBECOMESMOREAPPARENTINOTHERWORDS,THECONVENTIONALHARDTURNINGANDSETTINGTWOCARSCANPARALLELMACHINETURNINGCONVENTIONALVEHICLESANDHARDWAREDIFFERENCESBETWEENTHETOOLANDFOCUSEDONLYINTHECOOLANTSYSTEMTHERMOSTATHOWEVER,CONVENTIONALPROCESSINGISDIFFERENTBOTHCANBEUSEDCONVENTIONALPROCESSINGANDATOOLCARRIERFORPROCESSINGTAILSTOCK；ANDHARDWAREWHENUSINGATOOLONLYINBOTHTYPESOFMACHINETOOLSCANBECARRIEDOUTONTHEHARDDRYPROCESSING,ONLYTHEMANUFACTURERSTECHNOLOGYPROGRAMDESIGNEDTOBALANCETHENEEDTOBEATTIME,ANDINDEXOFTHEMODULESTRUCTUREOFMACHINETOOLSTOPROVIDETHEMWITHGREATERFLEXIBILITYTOIMPROVETHEPRODUCTIVITYOFHIGHPRECISIONWITHTHECONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENTOFPRODUCTIONEFFICIENCY,THEUSERALSOMADEFORAVERYHIGHACCURACYREQUIREMENTSTURNINGCENTERG200USEDFORPROCESSING,THECOLDSTARTUPTOFOURPARTSPROCESSINGREQUIREDTOACHIEVETOLERANCESOF6MMPROCESSINGPROCESS,THEACCURACYISUSUALLYMAINTAINEDAT2MMINDEXSOMADEAVAILABLETOTHECOMPANYSCLIENTSAREHIGHPRECISION,HIGHEFFICIENCY,THEINTEGRITYOFTHEPROGRAM,ANDPROGRAMSTOPROVIDESUCHHIGHPRECISION,REQUIRINGCAREFULCHOICEOFSPINDLE,BEARINGSANDOTHERFEATURESG200TURNINGCENTERLANDSHUT,GERMANY,BMWCARFACTORYINTHEAPPLICATIONOFTHECOMPANYACHIEVEDGOODRESULTSTHEPLANTISNOTONLYTHEPRODUCTIONOFENGINES,BUTALSOBYTHEPRODUCTIONOFCASTLIGHTMETALPARTS,PLASTICDECORATIVEITEMSINSIDETHEVEHICLEANDSTEERINGAXISCONSIDERTHEQUALITYOFSUPERVISORYSTAFF,ANDITSVERYPRECISEMACHININGACCURACYTOLERANCEBANDSFOR15MM,FORBEARINGTOLERANCE65MMINADDITION,THEPROCESSINGOFTHEUNIVERSALJOINTSOFTHEINDEXCOMPANIESUSEAUTOMATICINTELLIGENTPROCESSINGUNITTHEFIRSTTWOPARTSAREUSEDFORTURNINGCENTERSBEFOREPLAYINGPREPROCESSING,POSTPROCESSINGLINEMEASUREMENT,ANDTHENSENTTHROUGHTHECONVEYORBELTFORHOBBLING,CLEANINGANDQUENCHINGTREATMENTTHELASTPROCESSUSINGTHESECONDPROCESSINGSYSTEMINDEXG200TURNINGCENTERBYTWOSTEERINGKNUCKLEONTHECARBEARINGHARDINTHEMACHINETOOLTOCOMPLETETHEONLINESURVEY,THENTOTHEDISCHARGEUNITPROCESSINGUNITFULLYINTEGRATEDINTOTHELAYOUTOFTHEWORKSHOP,ANDINLINEWITHERGONOMICREQUIREMENTS,COVERSANAREAOFGREATLYREDUCED,ANDONLYTWOSTAFFMEMBERSTOTHECUSTODYOFMANUFACTURINGCELLSFRIDAY,CNCTURNINGANDG00INTHEMAGICALEFFECTOFTHESKILLSTOENSUREDIMENSIONALACCURACYCNCTURNINGPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGYHASBEENWIDELYUSEDINMECHANICALMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRY,HOWEFFICIENT,REASONABLE,ANDCOMPLETEDBYTHEQUALITYOFTHEWORKPIECEBYTHEAMOUNTOFPROCESSING,EACHENGAGEDINTHETRADEOFENGINEERINGANDTECHNICALPERSONNELMOREORLESSHAVETHEIROWNEXPERIENCEIENGAGEDINCNCTEACHING,TRAININGANDPROCESSINGFORMANYYEARS,ACCUMULATEDACERTAINAMOUNTOFEXPERIENCEANDSKILLS,ISTOCNCEQUIPMENTFACTORYGUANGZHOUGSK980TSERIESOFMACHINETOOLPRODUCTION,FOREXAMPLE,INTRODUCEAFEWSKILLSINCNCTURNINGFIRST,THEPROGRAMFIRSTSENTENCESKILLSG00WENOWHAVEACCESSTOTEXTBOOKSANDCNCTURNINGTECHNICALBOOKS,PROCEDURESARESETUPTHEFIRSTSENTENCEOFWORKPIECECOORDINATESYSTEM,THATIS,G50XΑZΒINTHEFIRSTSENTENCEASAPROCESSACCORDINGTOTHEDIRECTIVE,ACOORDINATESYSTEMCANBESETSOTHATTHETOOLATAPOINTINTHISCOORDINATESYSTEMASCOORDINATESXΑZΒINTHISPAPER,THEORIGINOFWORKPIECECOORDINATESYSTEMARESETATTHERIGHTENDOFTHEWORKPIECESURFACEPROGRAMMINGUSINGTHISMETHOD,THEKNIFE,THEKNIFEMUSTBEMOVEDTOTHEESTABLISHEDPOSITIONOFG50CANBESETFORPROCESSING,IDENTIFYTHELOCATIONOFTHEPROCESSISASFOLLOWS1OFAKNIFE,THEROUGHWORKPIECECLAMPINGGOOD；2SPINDLEISTOHANDROUNDTHEBASERIGHTSIDEKNIFEFLATWORKPIECESURFACEA；3ZAXISFIXED,THERELEASEOFTHETOOLALONGTHEXAXISPOINTSTOC,TYPEG50Z0,THEPOINTOFCOMPUTERMEMORY；4PROGRAMENTRYMODE,TYPEG01W8F50,TURNINGOUTTOBEONESTEPWORKPIECE；5XAXISFIXED,THERELEASEOFTHETOOLALONGTHEZAXISPOINTSTOC,STOPTURNINGOUTMEASURINGTHEDIAMETEROFTHEWORKPIECELEVELΓ,THEIMPORTATIONOFG50XΓ,COMPUTERMEMORYTHATPOINT；6PROGRAMENTRYMODE,ENTERTHEG00XΑZΒ,PROGRAMMINGTOOLRUNSTHESPECIFIEDPROCEDURETOTHESTARTINGPOINT,ANDTHENENTERTHEG50XΑZΒ,PROCEDURESFORTHEORIGINOFTHECOMPUTERMEMORYTHEABOVEMENTIONEDSTEPS,THESTEPSTHATTHETOOL6ATXΑZΒOFFICELOCATIONISESSENTIAL；OTHERWISE,THEWORKPIECECOORDINATESYSTEMWILLBEMODIFIED,NOTTHENORMALPROCESSINGOFTHEWORKPIECEPROCESSINGHASBEENTHEEXPERIENCEOFTHEPEOPLEALLKNOWTHATTHEABOVEPOSITIONWILLBETHETOOLTOTHECUMBERSOMEPROCESSOFXΑZΒDEPARTMENT,INTHEEVENTOFANACCIDENT,XORZAXISWITHOUTSERVO,TRACKINGERROR,POWEROUTAGESHAPPEN,ETC,THESYSTEMCANRESTART,AFTERRESTARTSYSTEMLOSSOFG50WORKPIECECOORDINATEVALUESSETBYTHEMEMORY,RESETBACKTOZERORUNISNOLONGERWORKING,WILLNEEDTORERUNTHETOOLANDRESETTOXΑZΒLOCATIONG50IFITISPRODUCTION,PROCESSING,AFTERTHEENDOFARETURNTOTHESTARTINGPOINTFORCONTINUEDPROCESSINGUNDERTHEG50IS,INTHEPROCESSSOMEERRORSONTHEWORKPIECECOORDINATESYSTEMMAYBEMODIFIEDINVIEWOFTHEFIRSTSENTENCEOFTHEABOVEPROCEDURESUSINGG50WORKPIECECOORDINAT