外文翻译--数控加工工艺.doc

英文原文CNCMachiningProcessFirst,ourcountryshistoryofthedevelopmentofnumericalcontrolsystem1.Ourcountrysince1958,byagroupofresearchinstitutes,collegesanduniversitiesandafewstartedtoCNCMachineToolPlantoftheresearchanddevelopmentsystem.Atthattime,duetothelowlevelofdomesticelectroniccomponents,suchasthedepartmentofeconomicconstraints,lackofalargerdevelopment.2.Inthereformandopeningup,Chinasnumericalcontroltechnologygraduallyachievesubstantialdevelopment.After"65"(81-85years)theintroductionofforeigntechnology,"75"(86-90years)ofthedigestionandabsorptionandthe"EighthFive-YearPlan"(911-95years)NationalOrganizationofscientificandtechnological,thatmakesourcountrysCNCtechnologyhasaqualitativeleapinacceptanceatthattime,throughresearchandidentificationofcountryproductsincludingBeijingEverestsChineseI,centralChinascentralNCIandafewhigh-endShenyangNationalEngineeringResearchCenterforControlofBlue-I,aswellasotherthroughthe"NationalQualitySupervisionandTestCentermachine"testNCsystemofqualifieddomesticcompaniessuchasNanjing,fourproducts.3.ChinasCNCmachinetoolmanufacturingindustryinthe80shadthestageofrapiddevelopment,manymachinetoolplantproductsfromtraditionalproductstotheNCtransition.But,generallyspeaking,thetechnologicallevelisnothigh,thequalityofthepoor,sointheearly90sfacingthecountryseconomyfromaplannedeconomytoamarketeconomyandadjustthetransferwentthroughthemostdifficultyearsoftheDepressionperiod,theproductioncapacityatthattimedownto50%,morethanfourmonthinventory.From1995,"NinthFive-YearPlan"toexpanddomesticdemandfromthecountryafterthemachinetoolmarkettostart,soastoreinforcetheapprovalofimportsofCNCequipment,investmentfocusedonsupportforkeynumericalcontrolsystem,equipment,technologiesofCNCequipmenthasplayedasignificantrole,especiallyin1999,thecountrysdefenseindustrytocivilianindustryandthekeytoputtinginalotoftechnicaldepartmentfunds,toenableCNCequipmentmanufacturermarketthriving.Three,CNCTechnologyandEquipmentofcarscutCNCLatheMachiningLathetechnologyandprocessingtechnologysimilarto,butbecauseofCNClatheisafixture,forautomaticprocessingofallfinishturningprocess,whichshouldpayattentiontothefollowingaspects.1.Areasonableselectioncuttingforthehigh-efficiencymetal-cuttingprocessing,theprocessedmaterials,cuttingtools,cuttingconditionsisthethreemajorelements.Thesedeterminetheprocessingtime,toollifeandprocessingquality.Cost-effectiveprocessingmethodsmustbeareasonablechoiceofthecuttingconditions.Threeelementsofcuttingconditions:cuttingspeed,feedrateandcuttingdepthofthedamagedirectlycausedbythetool.Withtheincreaseincuttingspeed,tooltiptemperaturewillrise；willhavemechanical,chemical,thermalwearandtear.20%increaseincuttingspeed；toollifewillreducethe1/2.Feedconditionsandtherelationshipbetweentoolwearandtearatthebackofaverysmallareaof.However,thefeedrate,cuttingtemperaturerise,wearbigbehind.Thantheimpactofcuttingspeedontoolsmall.Depthofcutonthetoolsdidnotaffectthecuttingspeedandfeedrate,butatsmallcuttingdepthofcutwhencuttingmaterialshavebeenhardenedlayer,whichwillaffectthetoollife.Theuserisprocessedaccordingtothematerial,hardness,cuttingstatus,materialtype,feedrate,cuttingdepth,suchastheoptionofusingthecuttingspeed.Themostappropriateselectionsofprocessingconditionsareatthebasisofthesefactorsisselected.Haverules,stability,wornandtearistoachievetheidealconditionsforlife.However,inactualoperation,theselectiontoollifeandtoolwear,thesizeofchangesinprocessing,surfacequality,cuttingnoise,heatprocessingandsoon.Indeterminingtheprocessingconditionsrequiredtostudytheactualsituation.Theheat-resistantalloyssuchasstainlesssteelandhardmaterials,thecoolantcanbeusedbesttouserigidblade.2.Reasonableselectiontool1)whenrough,itisnecessarytochoosehighstrength,gooddurabilitytool,inordertomeettheroughknifewheneatinglargebackvolume,thefeedrequirements.2)Finecar,itisnecessarytochoosehighprecision,durabilitygoodtooltoensurethattherequirementsofmachiningaccuracy.3)Inordertoreducetoolchangetimeandconvenienceoftheknifeshouldbeusedmachinesandmachinefolderknifeblade.3.AreasonableselectionFixture1)Generalselectiontrytheworkpiececlampingfixturetoavoidtheuseofadedicatedfixture；2)positioningthebasepartsoverlapsoastoreducethepositioningerror.4.Todeterminetheprocessingrouteprocessingrouteistheindex-controlledmachiningprocess,toolpartsrelativetrajectoryanddirectionofSports.1)Shouldbeabletoensurethemachiningaccuracyandsurfaceroughnessrequirements；2)shouldtrytoshortentheprocessingroute,reducingtraveltimeandairknives.5.ProcessingrouteofcontactwithallowanceAtpresent,CNClatheshavenotyetachievedtheuniversalaccesstoconditions,thegeneralshouldbeputontoomuchroughmargin,especiallywithforging,castinghardcushioncortexingenerallatheprocessing.MustbesuchasCNClathe,theneedtopayattentiontoprocessflexibility.6.Fixturetoinstallthemainpointsatpresent,thehydraulicclampingchuckandhydrauliccylinderareconnectedbytherodoftheimplementation,inFigure1.Hydraulicclampingchuckasfollows:Firstofall,bymovingonhandtounloadthenuthydrauliccylinder,thedischargeofSLIDE,andback-endfromthespindleout,andthenmovethehandstounloadscrewchuckcanbedisposedofunderthechuck.Four,effectivelyturningareasonableSaveprocessingtimeIndexTurningCentersG200integratedprocessingunitwithamodular,high-powertwo-axislinkageaxisfunction,thusfurthershorteningtheprocessingtime.Withothermeansofjob-axisoppositetotheconceptofclamping,theuseoftheproductcanbeintegratedintelligentprocessingunitinplacesothattheworkpiececlampingandautomaticprocessing.Inotherwords,theautomaticsetupwillnotbeaffectedbytheprocessingofanotheraxis,afeaturethatcanbeshortenedabout10%oftheprocessingtime.Inaddition,theFourprocessingveryquickly,youcansimultaneouslyhavetwoprocessingtool.Whenthemachineisputintouseinpairs,theefficiencybecomesmoreapparent.Inotherwords,theconventionalhardturningandsettingtwocarscanparallelmachine.Turningconventionalvehiclesandhardwaredifferencesbetweenthetoolandfocusedonlyinthecoolantsystemthermostat.However,conventionalprocessingisdifferent:bothcanbeusedconventionalprocessingandatoolcarrierforprocessingTailstock；andhardwarewhenusingatoolonly.Inbothtypesofmachinetoolscanbecarriedoutontheharddryprocessing,onlythemanufacturerstechnologyprogramdesignedtobalancetheneedtobeattime,andIndexofthemodulestructureofmachinetoolstoprovidethemwithgreaterflexibility.Toimprovetheproductivityofhigh-precisionwiththecontinuousimprovementofproductionefficiency,theuseralsomadeforaveryhighaccuracyrequirements.TurningCenterG200usedforprocessing,thecoldstartuptofourpartsprocessingrequiredtoachievetolerancesof±6mm.Processingprocess,theaccuracyisusuallymaintainedat2mm.Indexsomadeavailabletothecompanysclientsarehigh-precision,highefficiency,theintegrityoftheprogram,andprogramstoprovidesuchhighprecision,requiringcarefulchoiceofspindle,bearingsandotherfeatures.G200TurningCenterLandshut,Germany,BMWcarfactoryintheapplicationofthecompanyachievedgoodresults.Theplantisnotonlytheproductionofengines,butalsobytheproductionofcastlightmetalparts,plasticdecorativeitemsinsidethevehicleandsteeringaxis.Considerthequalityofsupervisorystaff,anditsveryprecisemachiningaccuracy:tolerancebandsfor±15mm,forbearingtolerance±6.5mm.Inaddition,theprocessingoftheuniversaljointsoftheIndexcompaniesuseautomaticintelligentprocessingunit.Thefirsttwopartsareusedforturningcentersbeforeplayingpre-processing,post-processinglinemeasurement,andthensentthroughtheconveyorbeltforhobbling,cleaningandquenchingtreatment.ThelastprocessusingthesecondprocessingsystemIndex.G200TurningCenterbytwosteeringknuckleonthecarbearinghard.Inthemachinetooltocompletetheonlinesurvey,thentothedischargeunit.Processingunitfullyintegratedintothelayoutoftheworkshop,andinlinewithergonomicrequirements,coversanareaofgreatlyreduced,andonlytwostaffmemberstothecustodyofmanufacturingcells.Friday,CNCturningandG00inthemagicaleffectoftheskillstoensuredimensionalaccuracyCNCturningprocessingtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedinmechanicalmanufacturingindustry,howefficient,reasonable,andcompletedbythequalityoftheworkpiecebytheamountofprocessing,eachengagedinthetradeofengineeringandtechnicalpersonnelmoreorlesshavetheirownexperience.IengagedinCNCteaching,trainingandprocessingformanyyears,accumulatedacertainamountofexperienceandskills,istoCNCEquipmentFactoryGuangzhouGSK980Tseriesofmachinetoolproduction,forexample,introduceafewskillsinCNCturning.First,theprogramfirstsentenceskillsG00WenowhaveaccesstotextbooksandCNCturningtechnicalbooks,proceduresaresetupthefirstsentenceofworkpiececoordinatesystem,thatis,G50XZinthefirstsentenceasaprocess.Accordingtothedirective,acoordinatesystemcanbesetsothatthetoolatapointinthiscoordinatesystemascoordinates(XZ)(Inthispaper,theoriginofworkpiececoordinatesystemaresetattherightendoftheworkpiecesurface).Programmingusingthismethod,theknife,theknifemustbemovedtotheestablishedpositionofG50canbesetforprocessing,identifythelocationoftheprocessisasfollows.1.ofaknife,theroughworkpiececlampinggood；2.SpindleistohandroundthebaserightsideknifeflatworkpiecesurfaceA；3.Z-axisfixed,thereleaseofthetoolalongtheXaxispointstoC,typeG50Z0,thepointofcomputermemory；4.Programentrymode,typeG01W-8F50,turningouttobeonestepworkpiece；5.X-axisfixed,thereleaseofthetoolalongtheZ-axispointstoC,stopturningoutmeasuringthediameteroftheworkpiecelevel,theimportationofG50X,computermemorythatpoint；6.Programentrymode,entertheG00XZ,programmingtoolrunsthespecifiedproceduretothestartingpoint,andthenentertheG50XZ,proceduresfortheoriginofthecomputermemory.Theabove-mentionedsteps,thestepsthatthetool6atXZOfficelocationisessential；otherwise,theworkpiececoordinatesystemwillbemodified,notthenormalprocessingoftheworkpiece.ProcessinghasbeentheexperienceofthepeopleallknowthattheabovepositionwillbethetooltothecumbersomeprocessofXZDepartment,intheeventofanaccident,XorZ-axiswithoutservo,trackingerror,poweroutageshappen,etc.,thesystemcanrestart,afterrestartsystemlossofG50workpiececoordinatevaluessetbythememory,"resetbacktozerorun"isnolongerworking,willneedtore-runthetoolandresettoXZlocationG50.Ifitisproduction,processing,aftertheEndofareturntothestartingpointforcontinuedprocessingundertheG50is,intheprocesssomeerrorsontheworkpiececoordinatesystemmaybemodified.InviewofthefirstsentenceoftheaboveproceduresusingG50workpiececoordinatesystemsetupmanydefects,IwillwanttoapproachtheworkpiececoordinatesystemfixedonthemachinewillprocessthefirstsentencechangedtoG50XZafterG00XZ,problemsolved.ThecourseofitsoperationonlytofindG50usingtheabove-mentionedfive-stepprocessbefore,thatis,1,2,3,4,5stepstoachieve,itwillrunthetooltoasafelocation,outofprocess,andcanrunautomatically.Evenifpoweroutagesandotherunforeseencircumstancesoccur,restartthesystem,intheEditmodetomovethecursorwithoutaffectingthesafeprocessingoftheworkpieceprocessingprocessprogramsegment,accordingtoautomatetheprocessingcancontinue.FirstsentenceoftheaboveproceduretoreplaceG50withG00isthesubstanceoftheworkpiececoordinatesystemfixedonthemachine,nolongerlimitedtotheoriginG50XZprocessconstraints,withoutchangingtheworkpiececoordinatesystem,easyoperation,reliability,andreceivedanunexpectedeffect.ChinesemetalprocessingonlineSecond,controlofdimensionalaccuracyskills1.ToamendthevalueofaknifeuptoensuredimensionalaccuracyFirstontheknifebecauseoferrororothercausesbeyondtheworkpieceworkpieceerrortolerance,cannotmeettheprocessingrequirements,canbeaddedbymodifyingtheknifesothattheworkpiecesizetomeettherequirementtoensurethattheradialdimensionsareasfollows:a.absolutecoordinateinputmethodAccordingtothe"bigdecrease,asmallincrease"principle,aknifeupat001004modified.Suchascutoffonthe2ndslotatabigsizeworkpiece0.1mm,and002showedupknivesareX3.8,mayentertheX3.7,toreducetheknifeonthe2ndmeeting.b.therelativecoordinatemethodasinthepreviouscase,enter002knifefillU-0.1,alsothesameresult.Similarly,theaxialsizeofthecontrolalsoandsoon.Suchascylindricalwithaknifeonthe1staxissomewhereaboveprocessing,size,long0.1mm,canbecompletedat001knifeenterW0.1.2.Semi-finishingtoensurethattheimpactoftheeliminationofscrewgapdimensionalaccuracyForthemajorityofCNClatheusingalongertime,becauseoftheeffectsofscrewspaceandprocessingoftheworkpiecedimensionsareoftenunstablesituation.Atthistime,wecanroughafterfinishingahalf-spaceto