外文翻译--数控机床发展趋向六化及其控制器的发展趋势.doc

附录1Thenumbercontrolsthetoolmachinedevelopmenttoinclineto"sixturn"andThedevelopmenttrendoftheCNCcontroller数控机床发展趋向“六化”及其控制器的发展趋势Summary:Numberscontrolingtoolmachineisamoderntoprocessthecarthemostimportantmaterial.摘要：数控机床是现代加工车间最重要的装备。First:Thistextsaysthedevelopmenttrendthatthenumbercontrolsthetoolmachinecontrollerall.Appearalongwiththedevelopmentofwiththeinformationtechnique(1T)andthemanufacturingtechnique(MT)moremulti-function,morethecontrollerofthehighperformance,suchassitmark,manycontrolsofsystems(passage)more；Havethehigh,highspeed,5stalksprocessesthefunctionandcomplicationstoprocess,counttocontrolcompoundtoolmachineandentersfunctions,suchasthenetcorrespondence,highanddependableandsafety.etc.Forthesakeofincrementoperationandusagethemaneuverabilityofthesystemandcantransplantsex,thecontrolleropentohavealreadybecomecurrent.Thenumeralmanufacturingrequeststocounttocontrolthesystemestablishmenttobeatanallnewinformationtechniquefoundationstructureon,makeuseofanetworktodelivertoprocessthemanufacturinginformationeasily,carryontheCAD/CAMandtheCNCintegralwholetoturnofprocessamanufacturing.ThisappearedSTEP-NCanewnumbertocontrolsystem.一：本文概述了数控机床控制器的发展趋势。随着信息技术(1T)和制造技术(MT)的发展，出现了更多功能、更高性能的控制器，诸如多坐标、多系统(通道)的控制；具有高精、高速、5轴加工功能和复杂加工、数控复合机床、进网通信、高可靠性和安全性等功能。为了增加操作和使用系统的可操作性和可移植性，控制器开放已经成为潮流。数字制造要求数控系统建立在一个全新的信息技术基础结构之上，容易利用网络传递加工制造信息，进行CADCAM与CNC一体化的加工制造。这就出现了STEPNC新型的数控系统。Numberscontrolingtoolmachineisamoderntoprocessthecarthemostimportantmaterial.Itsdevelopmentistheinformationtechnique(1T)withmakeatechnique(MT)tocombineadevelopmentofresult.Recent20inthelastyearses,theinformationtechnicalnastyplaydevelopmentstirsupandincreasesamanufacturingtheupperlevelintelligencefunctionofthesystemconsumedly；Next20years,theintelligencewillextendtothecarofthefactoryfirstfloor,thecontrollerwillhavemoreahighperformancewithmoremulti-function；Becausecontrollerofgentle,thesinglepedestaltoolmachinewillbecomemorevividwiththechoiceness；Cancarryoncorrespondencebroadly；Carryonanintegrationexpedientlywiththeheavy；arryon附录2diagraphtotheprocess,indicatearesult,examineapatientbreakdown,avoidtrouble；Themodethatcombinesaccordingtosciencecarriesonprocess,attainingthebestproductionefficiency.Theunderneathissomethelatestdevelopmentcircumstanceisconcerningthecontroller.数控机床是现代加工车间最重要的装备。它的发展是信息技术(1T)与制造技术(MT)结合发展的结果。最近20年来，信息技术的急剧发展大大激发和增加了制造系统的上层智能功能；下一个20年，智能将延伸到工厂的车间底层，控制器将具有更高性能和更多功能；由于控制器的柔性，单台机床将变得更加灵活和精巧；可以广泛地进行通信；方便地进行集成和重构；对过程进行测量，预示结果，诊断故障，避免事故；并按照科学的模式进行加工，达到最佳的生产效率。下面是一些关于控制器最新的发展情况。1.CNCcontrollerraise,havefurthermoremulti-function1.CNC控制器的性能进一步提高、具有更多功能1)sitmarkmore,manysystemcontrol1)多坐标、多系统控制ForexampletheFANUClatestupscalecontroller11S30is-MODELsAsystem,thebiggestcontrolsystemcountsto10systems(passage),themoststalkthenumberinstallstocountto40stalkswiththebiggestprincipalaxis,entering32stalksamongthemtothestalk,theprincipalaxisis8stalks,biggestcontrolstalktocountto24stalks/systemsinthemeantime.ThebiggestPMCsystemis3systems.ThebiggestI/Opointis4096:00/4096:00,thePMCisbasictoorderanyspeedforthe25nses.Biggestcanpreparetoreadaproceduresegment:1000.Thisisthecurrentworldtoinstallthetallestnumbertocontrolsystem.Inordertohavingmanystalksmanysystemsestoinstall,sosuitlargeandautomatictoolmachinespecially,compoundtoolmachine,severaltoolmachineswaitofdemand.比如FANUC最新的高档控制器11S30iMODELA系统，最大控制系统数为10个系统(通道)，最多轴数和最大主轴配置数为40轴，其中进给轴32轴，主轴为8轴，最大同时控制轴数为24轴系统。最大PMC系统为3个系统。最大IO点数为4096点4096点，PMC基本命令速度为25ns。最大可预读程序段：1000段。这是当前世界配置最高的数控系统。由于具有多轴多系统配置，因此特别适合大型自动机床，复合机床，多头机床等的需要。2)high,highspeedsprocessfunction2)高精、高速加工功能ThisisthemostimportantfunctionintheCNCsystem,becauseofhavingthisfunctionmakethemanufacturingtechnique(MT)developconsumedlyandforward.Thenumbercontrolsthetoolmachineadoptioncalculatorcontrol,canpromisetoprocess附录3ofthesparepartshavetheveryhighaccuracyrepeated.Butforgettingcertainfunction,importationcontrollerofthesignalwantpassbyaseriesprocessing,wanttoloseinevitablyreally,postponehour.Thereforeatthehighspeedprocess,keepingtoprocessaccuracyhighlywilladoptcertainmeasuredecreasetolosereally,postponehour.Thehigh,highspeedprocess,inadditiontomachinethedesignandmanufacturingwanttopromiseandcancarryoutatarget,totherequestoftheCNCsystemmainlyishandlespeedquick,controltheaccuracyishigh.Adoptanex-controltocompensatebecauseofservoerrormarginproducein,raisetoprocessaccuracy.Theappropriatecontrolenteraddandsubtractwithadoptionfittinglysooncurveandcanreducetoaddandsubtractsoonanempresstotherateproduceoferrormargin.The"forward-looking"controlcarriesonacalculationtothesportdatabeforecarryoutintheprocedure,theprocessingandseveralbuffers,controlknifetohavetopressthehighspeedsportthus,andtheerrormarginisverysmall.Fortoolmachinethehighaccuracyoutlinecontrolofthesmoothmovement,theadoptionidentifiestothesolidhouroftheinstructionform,canthebestlycontrolspeed,accelerationwithaddacceleration,asaresultmaketoprocesstoalwayskeepinthebestappearance.Forkeepingfrommove,developthetechniqueofthenumericalfilter,isflapwiththeofthecancellationmachine,thepositionthatraiseservosystemincreasesabenefit.Highandaggressivegivewiththeservosystemoftheprincipalaxistohighspeed,highwithefficientlyveryimportant.这是CNC系统最重要的功能，由于有了这个功能，使制造技术(MT)大大地向前发展了。数控机床采用计算机控制，可以保证加工的零件具有很高的精度重复性。但为了得到一定的功能，输入控制器的信号要经过一系列处理，不可避免地要失真、延时。因此在高速加工时，要保持高的加工精度就要采取一定的措施减少失真、延时。高精、高速的加工，除了机械设计和制造要保证能实现目标外，对CNC系统的要求主要是处理速度快、控制精度高。采用前馈控制，以补偿由于伺服滞后所产生的误差，提高加工精度。适当控制进给率和采用恰当的加减速曲线可以减少加减速滞后所产生的误差。“前瞻”控制在程序执行前对运动数据进行计算、处理和多段缓冲，从而控制刀具按高速运动，而且误差很小对于机床平滑运行的高精度轮廓控制，采用对指令形式的实时识别，可以最佳地控制速度、加速度和加加速度，因而使加工总是保持在最佳状态。为了防止扰动，开发数字滤波器的技术，以消除机械的谐振，提高伺服系统的位置增益。高精进给和主轴的伺服系统对高速、高精和高效十分重要。3)5stalksprocesstoprocessfunctionwithcomplication3)5轴加工和复杂加工功能Because5stalksprocessacraftreasonable,oppositeprocessin3curvedfaces,itcanmakeuseofthebestandseveralshapesthattheknifehavetocarryonslicingto附录4parewell,canliftinthehigh-speedhighofthecomplicatedshapeprocesshigh-efficiency,raiseacleandegree.Thereforegetamoreandmoreextensiveapplication.Themachinethat5stalksprocessitinstallstomainlyhavetheknifetorevolveaway,theworkpedestaltorevolveawaywiththesetwokindshybridways.Therefore5stalksprocessesfunctiontowantcansatisfyvariousinstallofrequest.Characteristicsprocessedaccordingto5stalks,chasethem,forexampleTCP(theknifehavethecentercontrol),theknifehasinexpiationofetc.functionofradius,5stalksthatapplytoadifferentmachinetoinstallprocesstoolmachine.由于5轴加工工艺合理，相对于3维曲面加工，它可以充分利用刀具的最佳几何形状进行切削，在复杂形状的高速高精加工中可以提高效率，提高光洁度。因此得到越来越广泛的应用。5轴加工的机械其配置主要有刀具旋转方式、工作台旋转方式和这两种的混合方式。因此5轴加工功能要能满足各种配置的要求。根据5轴加工的特点，把它们，比如TCP(刀具中心控制)，刀具半径补偿等功能，应用到不同机械配置的5轴加工机床。4)numberscontroltoreplypedestalfunction4)数控复台功能Forthesakeoftheexaltationrateofproduction,thenumbercontrolsakindofdevelopmenttrendthatthecompoundprocessthedevelopmentandmanufacturingofthetoolmachinetohavealreadybecomenumbertocontroltoolmachine.为了提高生产率，数控复合加工机床的开发和制造已变成数控机床的一种发展趋势。5)enterthenetcorrespondencefunction5)进网通信功能ForcontrolingsystemthroughthePCornumbertocarryontheconcentratedsupervisionandmanagementtomanypedestaltoolmachineses,thesystemdemandcarriesoncorrespondencethroughanetwork.Inordertodeliverprocedure,thesupervisionprocessesappearance.Inadditiontothis,thenetworkfunctioncanalsodelivertomaintainadata,carryingonthelongrangecontrol,operationanddiagnosistothesystem；DeliveraCAD/CAMdata.TheCNChasthespotcorrespondencenetworkfunction,canbetweentheCNCandtheservodevice,oftheCNCandtheI/ocontroldeliversthecontrol,supervisionanddiagnosisdata.Mainlyadopttheethernetandthespottotallinecurrently.Alongwiththetechnicaldevelopment,theappliedwirelesstechniquehasalreadyappearaswell.Thewirelesstechniquecanmaketheinformationarrivetoisanyplacealmost.为了通过PC或数控系统本身对多台机床进行集中监控和管理，系统需要通过网络进行通信。以便传递程序，监控加工状态。除此以外，网络功能还可以传送