外文翻译--种植机械.doc

徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)1附录附录1ChapterIIIofplantingmachinerySectionIoutlinedPlantsmachinemainlycomposedbytosowseedsandtransplantstwobroadheadingmachineriesTheformerincludingeachtypesurfaceplanter,seeddrillandselectionandbroadcast(bunchplanting)machine；Thelatterismainlyreferstothearidlandtotransplantthemachinery.Accordingtouse,maydivideintotheseederthegeneralseederandthespecial-purposeseeder.Thegeneralseedersadaptationscopeisbroad,itcanbebroadcastedmanykindsofcropsseeds；Thespecial-purposeseederisdesignedbysomecropsthespecialrequest,itcanonlymeetonecropssowingseedsneed.Withthedevelopmentofsciencesandtechnologysandthecultivationmethodsunceasingchange,whichdesignswiththenewprincipleofwork,likethefinequantityseederandissuitableinthereducedcultivationunionseeder(onetimecompleteslooseearth,sowingseeds,toapplyfertilizerandspraying)widelyhasalsousedinproducing.一,sowingseedsThecommonlyusedsowingseedsmethodmaydivideintofourbroadheadingssuchasthebroadcastsowing,thedrilling,thebunchplantingandsowsseedsprecisely1.Broadcastsowingscatterstheseedintheground,usesthesowingseedsmethodwhichothertoolsfilltobecalledthebroadcastsowingagain.Thebroadcastsowingseeddistributesnon-uniform,fillsinthedepthnottobeinconsistent,thesowingseedsqualityisbad.Thismethodusesinsowingseedsartificiallyoriginally,afterusingmachinerysowingseeds,althoughhaspresentedsomesurfaceplanters,butalreadyverylittleusednow.Inrecentyears,thebroadcastsowinglawusesinaviationsowingseeds.Becausetheairseedingspeedquick,sowsevenly,maysowingoodtimeandimprovethesowingseedsquality,thereforewiththeairplanebigproductbroadcastsowingcertaincropslikepaddyrice,theforagegrassandsoonhasbecomeoneofcurrentsowingseedstechnologydevelopmentdirections.2.ThedrillingSowingtheseedinrowstobeburiedthemethodtobecalledthedrilling.Whendrillingfillsinthedepthtobeconsistent,emergesneatlyeven,thesowingseedsqualityisgood.Thedrilling徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)2lawapplicationisverybroad,mayuseinbroadcastingmanykindsofcrops,thecorrespondingseederiscalledtheseeddrill.3.Bunchplanting(alsosaidthatselectionandbroadcast)Putseedsconcentrateinaholeiscalledthebunchplanting.Thebunchplantinglawissuitablefortosowseedsthetilledcrop,mayguaranteethattherowspacingandthedistancebetweenhillsareaccurate,comparetothedrillinglawtosavetheseedandtoreducethethinningworkload.Broadcastswhenthecottonmayalsoenhancethecottonseedtoemergeability.Controlofthebreedingholedposition,causestoplanttheholedlongitudinalwithcrosswisetobeabletoformaline,iscalledthesquareplanting.Thesquareplantingmaylongitudinalandthecrosswiseintertillage,enhancesmechanizeddegreewhichtheintertillageremovesweeds.Thesquareplantinglawwasoncequickintheoverseasdevelopment,butalongwithchemistryherbicidesdevelopment,alreadytendstheeliminationatpresent.4.PrecisesowingThecharacteristicofprecisesowingseedsisthesowingseedsquantityisprecise,thedistancebetweenplantspreciseandbroadcastsdeeplyprecise.Thegraindrillingandtilledcropsowingseedsmayusetheprecisesowingseedslaw.Thecharacteristicofprecisedrillingsisthedistancebetweenplantsisprecise,compareswiththeordinarydrilling,distributedtheseedsveryeven,thusisgoodatthecropsgrowth,canraisetheoutput.Thetilledcropprecisesowingseedscharacteristiciseachholeonlybroadcastsaseed,withguaranteedthateachChineseacrenumberguaranteestheoutput.Itsmeritismaysavetheseedandsavethethinningworkingprocedure,thusmaythelaborsaving.Butmustguaranteethatundertheseed-germinationpercentageandthesowingseedsconditionemergesability,andpreventssicknessChinesecaterpillarfungusevil,guaranteesthefullstand.Islowtocertaingerminationpercentages,thefieldemergenceabilitybadseed(forexamplebeetandsoon),useswhenprecisesowingseedsmayreducethedistancebetweenplantstoincreasebroadcaststhequantity,usesagainmechanicalorauxiliaryguaranteeseachChineseacrenumberbytheartificialthinning.5.MembranesowingseedsSowingseedsinplantsthebedsurfacetospreadouttheplasticfilm,aftertheseedemerges,seedlinglongoutsidemembraneonesowingseedsway.Thiswaymaybroadcaststheseedfirst,afterwardspreadsthemembrane,aftertreatingtheseedlingunearthed,putstheseedlingagainbytheartificialbrokenmembrane；Mayalsospreadsoutthemembranefirst,drillsimmediatelyonthemembranesowsseeds.Membranesowingseedshasthefollowingmerit:徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)3(1)Enhancesandmaintainsagroundtemperature.Asaresultofsunlightpermeablethinfilmforsoilquantityofheat,butthethinfilmmayseparatetheairtransportandthesoilbythelongwaveformthequantityofheatwhichdisappearstotheairradiation,whenisadvantageousissomewhatlowinthegroundtemperaturetheseedgerminateswiththeseedlinggrowth.(2)Reducesthesoilmoistureevaporation.Thethinfilmwascutoffinthesoilevaporationwatervaporinflowatmospheretodisappear,thereforethewatervaporgatheredunderthemulchingplasticinthesmallandnarrowspace,causedtheairhumiditytobeveryhigh,reducedthemoistureevaporation；Congealmentwatervapor,butmayalsoreturntothesoil,thusenablesthetopsoilsoiltohavehighandthestablemoisturecontent.(3)Improvestheadultplantilluminationcondition.Thethinfilmitselfandunderthemembraneslightdroplethascertainreflectivepowertothelight,improvedtheadultplantlowerlevelleafbladesilluminationcondition,isadvantageousinenhancesthecropsthephotosynthesis.(4)Improvesthesoilphysicscharacterandthefertility.Becausethemoisturecontentgaseousstateandtheliquidstatecyclicchangemakesunderthemembranethesoiltocontractunceasinglyandtoinflate,theirrigationwaterortherainwaterthroughthecrosswiseosmosisinfiltrationmembraneunderthesoil,causeitquiteloosenottoharden.Moreoverthetemperatureishigh,retentionability,isadvantageousintheedaphonactivity,canspeeduptheorganicmattertodecompose,strengthenthesoilfertility.(5)Cansuppresstheweedgrowth.Aroundcropsseedlingisthethinfilmcoverseal,theweedisunabletogrow.Themulchingplasticcultivationhasmanymerits,butthecostishigh,theconsumptionlaborforcetobemany,thespecificationisalsohigh.Aftercropsharvest,theremnantmembranerecyclingquestionhasnotsolvedcompletely.Thereforemainlyusesatpresentinthepeanut,thecotton,thevegetablesandsoontheeconomicvaluehighplantculture.6.ExemptedplowssowingSincethemid-20thcenturyUSexemptsplowstheplantertechnologytoobtainissuccessful,theworldtoexemptsplowsthetechnologytogivetheenormousvalue.Manycountriesarepositivedtoexperimentandpromotion.Exemptsplowstechnicalthebasiccontentisafterthestubblecropsharvest,thelanddoesnotcarryonplows,letstheoriginalmanuscriptstalk,theremnantstubbleorthecoverstheground；Whentreatsstubblecropssowingseeds,exemptswiththehandtailorplowstheseedertocarryonpartiallooseearthsowingseedsdirectlyinthestubland；Andaftersowingseedsorsowingseedsspraystheweedkillerandtheagriculturalchemicals.Accordingtoclimaticenvironmentandlandsituationdifference,someareasinexecutionzerotillageprocess,alsousesthedischarroweitherthelooseearthweedbeforethe徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)4harvestorsowingseedscarriesonthesurfacesoilcultivationtoreplaceplows；Someplaces,everyother2-3yearsalsousetheplowsharetypeploworchiseltypeplowdeepplowingonetime.Thereforeexemptsplowsthetechnologytohavethedifferentnameinthedifferentarea,likezerotillage,reducedcultivation,covercultivationlaw,directseedinglawandsoon.Thismethodandtheconventionalcultivationlawcompares,mayreducethemachinesandtoolsinvestmentexpensesandthesoilcultivationnumberoftimes,thusmayreducetheproductioncost,thereducedenergyconsumption,toreducetothesoilcompactionandthedestruction,andmayreducethewinderosion,thewatererosionandthesoilmoistureevaporationandtheoutflow.Butusesthezerotillagetohavethecondition,mustcoordinatecloselywiththeplantculturetechnology.Becausedoesnotcarryonthesoilplough,theharmfulinsectweedaremany.Thereforeisbigtotheherbicideandthepesticiderequiredquantity,thequalityrequirementisalsohigh.,becausethishasthepossibilitytocounter-balancethecostwhichlittleplowssaves.Exemptsplowssowingseedstoholdtheimportantpositioninthezerotillage.present,certaincrops(forexamplesoybean)usesthemethodwhichthepreciseselectionandbroadcastandthenarrowgoodcloseplantingdoevenly,theexemptionintertillagework,maythegreatscopeenhancethecropstheoutputandreducesthecostofoperation,isonenewplantermethod.Second,theplantingofagriculturaltechnicalrequirements(A)OfplantingagriculturaltechnicalrequirementsSowingtheagriculturaltechnicalrequirements,includingbroadcastof,spaced,distancebetweenplants(orfromthepoint),theuniformityofsowing,plantingdepth,soildepthandextentofpressure.Theplantingofvariouscropsrequiredifferent,withacropfromregiontoregion,thedifferentfarmingsystemswillbeverydifferent.Table3-1toChinasnorth,northwest,northeastandnorthernJiangsu,Henanandotherplacesofseveralmajoragriculturalcropsowingthetechnicalrequirements.Seedingshouldbeaccordingtothelocalagriculturaltechnicalrequirements.(B)TherequirementsoftheplanterDrillingontherequirementsforthemachine:theplantingofagriculturaltechnicalrequirements,spacingconsistent,uniformsowingseedsowinginthewetsoil,andcoveredwithWetsoil,sowingdeepconsistentandinlinewithrequirementsofsmallseedinjury.Holeoftherequirementsforthemachine:Eachholeseedgrainsagreement(Eachholeseedgrainston±1粒qualified,nEachholeaverageforgrainssuchascornrequirementsHole3±1tabletsofnotlessthan85pointsafew%),Butinholeseedsofscattered,andinaccordancewiththesamedeep-sowing,seedsinjuryrateislow.