外文翻译--软件体系结构的现状及发展方向.doc

英文原文ThecurrentsituationofthesystemstructureofthesoftwareanddevelopingdirectionInthearticleof"conceptofsystemstructureofthesoftware",wespeakoffromthecrisisofthesoftware,haveexplainedorigin,definesandthefunctionintheprojectofthesoftwareisdevelopedofthesystemstructureofthesoftware.Then,howisthecurrentsituationofthesystemstructureofsoftwareatpresent?Whatisthedevelopmenttrendofthesystemstructureofsoftware?Thisisthecontentthatthistextwillintroduce.Atpresent,inthesystemstructureofthesoftwareisstillindevelopingrapidly,moreandmoreresearchersarecastingattentionontheresearchofthesystemstructureofthesoftware.Itisstillveryirregulartouseforcarryingonmodel,marklawandtoolthatthespecificationdescribestothesystemofthesoftware.Thoughtheseirregularmodelsareuseful,inordertomakeitmoreaccurateandmorestalwart,theresearchworkinmanyaspectsneedscontinuinggoingon.Sincelaterstageof1990s,theresearchofthesystemstructureofthesoftwarehasbecomeafocus.Themassesofsoftwareworkerrealizesoftwaresystemgreatmeaninganditthatstructurestudydesigntheimportancedevelopedtothesoftwaresystemalready,havelaunchedalotofresearchandpracticework.Isitwatchtocomebysystemcurrentsituationthatstructurestudyfromsoftware,presentresearchandtosoftwaresystemdescriptionofstructure,cometosaytostillstayonthebasisofthethingthatitisnotformalizedtoagreatextent.Teacher,frameworkofsoftware,lackessentialtoolstill,thetoolshouldexplicitdescribe,haveformalizedtoolofindependentcharacter.Atpresentamongtheincommonusesoftwaredevelopmentapproach,itisituseformalizedpictureandtextnon-usuallytodescribe,cantdescribetheinterfacebetweenthecomponentsofexistencethatthesystemexpects,cantdescribethemeaningofdifferentsystematicassociationrelationofcomposition.Difficulttounderstanddeveloper,letaloneuseforanalysingitscharacteristics,suchasconsistencyandintegrality,etc.isstudiedComponentofsystemnearlybyonewhendescribingformalizedmethodnon-asonesoftware,thesystematicputtinginanpositionwillbeinfluencedtoo,theeffortsinthecourseofdesigningasystematicstructureareverydifficulttotransplanttoanothersystem.Connecttosystemcomponentstructurizationofrelationisitgetaexplicitonetosuppose,whentheformalizeddescription,itwillberiskytotransplantsuchasystematiccomponenttoanothersystem,evenimpossibleone.Softwaresystemstructureisitremaininformalizedblockdiagramstagenon-onlytostudy,ithasbeenalreadydifficulttomeettheneedsoffurtherdevelopment.Forsupportbasedonsystemstructuredevelopment,needformalizedmodelingsymbol,systemanalysisanddevelopinginstrumentthatstructureprove.Isitwatchtocomefromsoftwaresystemcurrentsituationthatstructurestudy,infieldthisthereareprogressrecently,arepresentativeoneMellonofAmericanCarnegieuniversityamongthemRobertJ.A11enon(CarnegieMellonUniversity)onWrightsystemthatl997getoutofeveryyear.Wrightis-akindofstructuredescribeslanguages,thislanguageisonthebasisofakindofformalized,abstractsystematicmodel,haveofferedakindofpracticaltoolforthethingthatdescribeandanalysethesystemstructureofthesoftwareandstructurizationmethod.Wrightlaysparticularemphasisonanddescribessystematicsoftwarecomponentandstructure,dispositionandmethodtojoinmainly.Itusestheexplicit,independentconnectionmodeltocomeasmutualway,thismakesystemthiscanspendlogicpredicatesymbolsystem,relyonspecificsystematicinstancedescribetheabstractbehaviorofthesystem.Systemthiscanalsojudgesystematicstructureconsistencyandintegralityofspecificationsthroughcheckinginagroupofstaticbehavior.Bythelookofanalysisofthesecharacteristics,Wrightsystemisreallysuitablefortolarge-scaleandsystematicdescriptionandanalysis.Studyprimaryproblemofthesystemstructureofthesoftwareishowtoexpressthesystemstructureofthesoftware,namelywhatsystemstructuremodelingtothesoftware.Accordingtothedifferenceofemphasispointsofmodeling,candividethemodelofthesystemstructureofthesoftwareinto5kinds:Structuremodel,framemodel,dynamicmodel,coursemodelandfunctionmodel.Inthese5models,themostfrequentlyusedoneisthestructuremodelanddynamicmodel.Thisisamostocular,mostgeneralmodelingmethod.Themethodportraythestructurewithsystemcomponent,attachmentandotherconceptsofstructure,andisitisitreflectimportantsemantemecontentofsystemtocomethroughstructuretotryhard,includingsystematicdisposition,restraint,implicitassumedconditions,style,nature.Thecoretostudystructuremodelisthatthesystemstructuredescribeslanguages.Theframemodelissimilartostructuremodel,butitdoesnotlayparticularemphasisondescribingthedetailofthestructureandlayingparticularemphasisonthestructureofthewholeevenmoreverymuch.Framemodelregardsomespecialproblemsasgoalsetuponlymainlytomeetstructureofquestionthis.Dynamicmodeltostructureorframesupplementofmodel,studybehaviornatureof"bigparticle"ofsystem.Forexample,describesystematicdeconfigurationorevolution.Thetrendsmaymeanthedisposition,setting-upofthesystematicensemblearchitectureorremovethecourseofthecommunicationpasswayorcalculation.Thiskindofsystemisoftenencouragingtype.Studythestepandcoursewithsystematicstructureincoursemodel.Thereforethestructureisaresultoffollowingsomecoursescripts.Modelthisthinksystemstructuretomakeupbyonegroupfunctioncomponentaccordingtothelevel,thelowerfloorprovidesservicetotheupperstrata.Itcanberegardedasakindofspecialframemodel.Havingtheirownstrongpointseachinthese5kindsofmodels,perhapsunify5kindsofmodelstogetherorganically,formoneintactmodelitcomestobesystemstructuresuitabletoportraysoftware.ForexampleKruchtenproposeonevisualanglemodelof"4+1"in1995."4+1"modelincludethelogicvisualanglefrom5differentvisualangles,coursevisualangle,physicsvisualangle,developingthevisualangleandscenevisualangletodescribethesystemstructureofthesoftware.Everyvisualanglecareonesideofsystemonly,5visualangleisitcanreflectsystematicsoftwaresystemcontentsofstructuretoconbinetogether."4+1"modelisasFig.1shows.enduser:Functionrequirementprogrammer:SoftWareManagementsystemintegratedperson:capabilityextending、thuoughputetc.systemprocessperson:systemtopology、installtion、communicationetc."4+1"modelisasFig.Softwaredevelopmentmodelcrossoverwholesoftwaresystemdevelop,operate,allworkandstructureframeoftaskimplementedtomaintainoflifecycle,providetherelationthatsoftwaredevelopmentmovesaboutbetweeneverystages.Atpresent,thecommonsoftwaredevelopmentmodelcanroughlybedividedintothreekinds:Waterfallmodelifthedemandofthesoftwareistotallyconfirmed.Progressivedevelopmentmodeladoptedwhensoftwaredevelopmentcanonlyofferthebasicdemandatinitialstage,forinstancespiralmodel,etc.Basedonformalizationdevelopmentapproachtovarymodels.Alldevelopmentapproachesaretosolvethedemandanddisparitywhilerealizing.Butthreesoftwaredevelopmentmodelofkindthesethereareallkindsofdefects,cantwellsupportthedevelopmentcoursebasedonsystemstructureofthesoftware.So,researchershavedonecertainworkindevelopingthesoftwaredevelopmentmodelbasedonsystemstructure.Forexample,inordertoexpressthelifecycleofthesystemstructurevividly,ZhouYingXinDr.ofBeijingUniversityofPost&Telecommunicationestablishthesystemofapieceofsoftwarethelifecyclemodelofthestructure.Softwaresystemdevelopmentofstructurelarge-scalesoftwarekeylinkthatsystemdevelops.Thesystemstructurehasessentialfunctioninthedevelopmentoftheproductionlineofthesoftware,inproducing,becauseofsamesoftwaresystemstructure,canisithavedifferentalotofsystemoffunctiontoestablishinthedevelopment.Sharesystemstructureandagroupofreusablecomponentsbetweenthesoftwareproductclans,canincreasethesoftprojectandreducedevelopingandsafeguardthecost.Aproductlinehaspublicsystematicsoftwaresystemthatiscollectedofdemandonbehalfofonegroup,theyallcustomizethestandardproductlineframeworkaccordingtothebasicusersneeds,integratedandgottheuniquepartofreusablecomponentandsystem.Adopttheproductionlinetypemodeofthesoftwaretoproducesoftware,willproducehugeprogrammingenterprises.ButthesoftwareproductclanmajorityproducedatLogicalVisionDevelopedVisionProcessVisionPhysicalVisionSceneVisionpresentisinthesamefield.Atpresent,thesystemstructureisstillaverynewresearchfield,itsconceptisstillquitefuzzy.Butsoftwaresystemstructureregardassoftprojectacomponentoffield,havingalreadyobtainedconsiderabledevelopment,theonesthathavebeendesignedwithresearchersbymostsoftwaresystemsarepaidattentionto.Whethersoftwaresystemstructureactiveresearchdirectionincludeatpresent.(1)Researchofthesystemstructureformfoundationofthesoftware；(2)Studythenewspecialhigh-levellanguagetothequestionthatthesystemstructureofthesoftwareispeculiarwhendescribed；(3)Setupandisusedinthetoleranceandappraisethemodelandmethodofthesystemstructureofthesoftware；(4)SetupfacingspecialfieldsoftwaresystemstructureFantypestorehouse.(5)Carryoutthetransitiontothetheorysoftwaresystemstructurefrompresentintuitionandexperiencestate.Inbetweensoftwareengineerandsoftwaredescriptionandunderstandingabilityofsystemofraising,thoughthesystemstructureofthesoftwaredescribesthatplaysanimportantrole,theseabstractdescriptionisusuallynon-formalizedandrandomone.Systemstructuraldesignfrequentlydifficulttounderstand,difficulttoisitcarryonformalizedanalysisandsimulationtosuitablefor,lackcorrespondingsupporttoolhelpframeworkteacherfinishthedesignwork.Forsolvetheproblem,isitdescribeformalizedlanguageinreasoningcandeveloptousefor,languagethesenamesystemstructuredescribelanguage(ArchitectureDescriptionLanguage),ADLsissoughttobeincreasedtheintelligibleandputtinginanpositionofthesystemstructuraldesignofthesoftware.ADListhislanguage,thesystematicframeworkteachercanexploitthecharacteristicofferedbyitsinstituteandcarryonthesystematicconceptsystemstructuremodelingofthesoftware.ADLhasofferedtheconcretegrammarandportrayedtheconceptframeofthesystemstructure.ADLsmakesthesystematicdeveloperabletowelldescribethesystemstructurethattheydesign,inordertoexchangewithpeople,cananalysealotofinstanceswiththetoolthatisoffered.Thepurposeofthiskindofdescriptionlanguageistoofferakindofstandardizedsystemstructuretodescribe,thusmaketheautomationofthesystemstructureanalysethatispossible.Researchershavealreadydesignednearly20kindsofADLs,themorepowerfuloneisC2,UniCon,MetaH,Aesop,SADL,Rapide,Wright,etc.Languagethesecangoontosystemstructureconnectorthefirstabstract,atthesametime,stillcandescribethereciprocationbetweenthestructureofthemodelandinsidecomponent,andhasintroducedsomenewnetworkanalysismodes.Workofinthisrespecttoobtainofdifferentsystemstructureprinciple,arrangementandclassificationofmodeamongsoftwaredevelopmentpracticesoftwareengineermainly.Forexampletosoftwaresystemstructureclassificationandcomparisonofstyle,describetothesystemstructurethatthesynthesisofthelanguageisanalysedetc.Sofarasatpresent,domesticstudyonsystemstructureofthesoftwareconcentrateontosoftwaresystemarrangementofspecialknowledgeofstructuremainly.