四六级翻译详解Translation

Translation,大学英语四级考试中的翻译题，名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用的知识。每句只涉及20个左右的英语词汇，需填入的部分也只有5到10个单词，其中隐含着考生应当把握的句型、语法、词汇和固定搭配等知识点。,一. 固定搭配,这是翻译中的最为核心的考点,也是近几次四级考试以来命题密度最高的考点,应该引起考生的高度重视:如名词与动词的搭配、形容词与名词的搭配、名词与介词的搭配。其中更为重要的是常见的固定表达,这些都可能成为考试的命题重点。,请看下面的真题例子：,1) Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _ (适应不同文化中的生活). (CET-4, 2006.12.) 解题步骤由it is not easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。“适应不同文化的生活”，其核心谓语动词是“适应”，即adapt，由此联想到其常用搭配adapt to, adapt oneself to；“生活”，life；“不同文化”，different cultures。重新整合 adapt oneself to life in different cultures正确答案 adapt oneself to life / living in different cultures考查知识点 固定搭配adapt oneself to sth / doing sth,“使适应”。,以下是2010年-2006年翻译部分所考的固定搭配：,1. (2010年6月) Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty (in) concentrating /focusing on the experiment (集中注意力在实验上).,解析：此处考一个短语“集中注意力在上”和固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth.,have difficulty (in) doing sth 短语09年和06年都  有考,(2009年6月) Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had much difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates (很难跟上班里的同学) in math and English.,这里要注意much表示程度， 翻译才准确。,(2006年6月) Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (in) finding the / his way to the History Museum (找到去历史博物馆的路).,be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事have trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有困难 have pleasure (in) doing sth在做某事方面有乐趣There no point/sense (in) doing sth做某事没有用，没有意义be/get used/accustomed to doing   习惯于做spend (时间、钱、精力) (in) doing sth cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事,2. (2009年12月) Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).,解析：此处考一个固定短语“与保持同步”。“不断增长的” 也可用constantly rising/growing.,3. (2009年12月) The more exercise you take, the less likely you are to catch a cold (你越不大可能得感冒).,解析：由题干中的 The more可知， 所译部分要用 “the + 比较级”结构.另外还有两个固定短语 be likelyto do sth. 和catch a cold.,“the +比较级，the + 比较级” 表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。06年也有考查这一搭配。,4. (2006年6月) The more you explain, the more confused I am (我愈糊涂).,5. (2009年6月) It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on weight (更有可能增加体重).,解析： “更有可能做某事” be more likely to do sth        “不那么可能做某事” be less likely to do sth,6. (2009年6月) The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of exercise (与缺乏锻炼密切相关).,解析：“与密切相关” be closely related to,7. (2007年12月) Thanks to a series of new inventions (多亏了一系列的新发明)，doctors can treat this disease successfully.,解析： “多亏了” 含感谢意味，并且表示原因，用    thanks to ,“一系列” a series of,表示原因的介词短语：due to                       owing to                       because of,8. (2007年6月) :The finding of this study failed to take peoples sleep quality / quality of sleep into account / consideration (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).,解析：此题考查两个固定搭配:1) fail to do sth(未做); 2) take sth into account / consideration "将  考虑在内"。,9. (2006年12月) :Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt oneself to the life / living in different cultures (适应不同文化中的生活).,解析：此题考查固定搭配:adapt oneself to sth /       doing sth,意为"适应"。,常考的以动词为中心的固定搭配,add to 增加apply to 申请，请求count onupon 依靠，指望deal with 解决，处理，应付live up to 符合，不辜负(期望)；遵守，实践(诺言、原则等)prepare for 为做准备depend on 取决于，视而定；依靠，依赖；信赖，相信devote oneself to sth 献身于某事物cannotcouldnt help doing 禁不住；不能避免           look forward to盼望，期待,prevent sb / sth from doing sth 预防，防止，阻止separate sb / sth from sb / sth把与隔离 / 区分开来come up with 提出，提供，想出get down to 开始认真处理，着手做go in for 从事，参加；爱好make up for 补偿，弥补put up with 容忍，忍受run out of 用完，耗尽  yield to 服从，屈从，让步 owe sth to sb / sth; attribute sth to sth (把归因于),二.核心语法,这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题部分考点的重现和转移,大家务必要重视。尽管词汇单选题现在不考了,但还是不能忽视这部分题目,因为考点是一致的。核心语法考点有虚拟语气、倒装结构、从句、非谓语动词等。,一. 虚拟语气,虚拟语气几乎每一年必考。,(2010年12月) There would be no life on earth without/but for its unique environment(没有地球独特的环境)。,解析：空前的There would be提示，本句使用了虚拟语气，故“没有”可以翻译为表示虚拟条件的without或but for；,考点：常用的表示虚拟条件的介词短语还有in the absence of(如果没有)或were it not for(要是没有),2. (2010年12月) They requested that the book (that/which) I borrowed (should) be returned to the library (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday,解析：request的用法。request v. 要求；当request表示“要求”时，引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形。定语从句。“我借的书”， the book (that) I borrowed；,考点： demand, require, request, propose, desire, suggest,recommend, urge, insist,等表示要求、建议、命令等意思的词后面跟的宾语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”,3. (2010年6月) It is suggested that the air conditioner (should) be fixed/installed by the window(要安装在窗户旁)。,解析：本题考查It is suggested that结构中主语从句中要用虚拟语气的用法，即should + 动词原形，should可以省略。此处还要注意隐性被动。,4. (2006年6月) The professor required that we (should) hand in our research report   (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday.,5. (2009年12月) You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions (按照我的指令去做).,解析：would not have failed 提示， 从句应采用“had+过去分词”的结构。,考点：在if非真实虚拟条件句中，若主句用“would+have+过去分词”，则从句用“had+过去分词”，表示对过去事实相反的假设。,6. (2009年6月) If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary_(就不会被大雨淋湿了).,wouldnt have been caught by the rain,7. (2006年12月) The victim _(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.,could have had the chance to survive,考点：if引导的虚拟条件句有三种，表示对与过去事实相反的假设，主句用“would/could/should+have+过去分词”，则从句用“had+过去分词”;表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句用“would/could/should+动词原形”，则从句用“一般过去时”; 表示对将来的假设，主句用“would/could/should+动词原形”，则从句用“过去式、should do 或were to do”;,虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1. (should)+动词原形的情形(已考)2. if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)3. wish, if only, it is time的用法,(should)+动词原形的情形1在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.,2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once.     他命令部队马上撤退。,3在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。,【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these          children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利).,参考答案：(should) be deprived of the right to receive education,二.倒装结构,当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。,Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论。Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology.只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。,其他如：only then, only once, only in America,            only after the accident等。,二.倒装结构,【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_.(他才感到安全和放松),参考答案：does he feel secure and relaxed,二.倒装结构,2never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：  never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither (nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also等。,二.倒装结构,2. (2010年6月) The manager never laughed; neither_(她也从来没有发过脾气).,解析： 先确定句子位于动词用过去时态；         发脾气用“lose ones temper”         neither 位于句首，其后的句子要用倒装形式,did she ever lose her temper,3. (2008年6月) _ (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill.,解析： “直到”用until表达。由did he为倒装语序，由此可知本句考查not until倒装句的用法；         not until位于句首，主句倒装，而从句不倒装，并且从句的时态用过去完成时，以体现主从句的前后顺序。,Not until he had completed/finished the mission,(2008年12月) The anti-virus agent was not known _          (直到一名医生偶然发现了它).,until a doctor found it by accident,【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎),参考答案：should he lie to the court.,_(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.,参考答案：Not until the deadline did he send (out),三.非谓语动词,(2010年12月) _(为了确保他参加会议)，I called him up in advance.,解析： “为了”表目的，放句首可用to或in order to表达 ； ensure 用法为ensure that+句子或ensure sth.,To ensure that he attends the meeting,2. (2006年6月) _ (为了挣钱供我上学), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.,In order to finance my education,四.数量与比较,(2006年12月)Since my childhood I have found that _           (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).,nothing (else) is more attractive/appealing to me than reading,解析： “没有什么比更”用 “nothing+系动词+比较级+than+其他”表示 注意：汉语中的一些动宾结构在英语中常用动名词表示，比如唱歌用singing，跳舞用dancing，开车用driving等。,四.数量与比较,2. (2007年12月) In my sixties, one change I notice is that _ (我比以前更容易累了).,I am more likely to get tired than before,解析： 也可译为it is more likely for me to get tired than before； 错误译法：I feel more easily tired 。 “比”提示要用比较级； “is”提示从句用现在时,四.数量与比较,3. (2007年12月) I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _ (它更加方便和省时).,the former is more convenient and time-saving,解析： “它”直接翻译为it 会造成指代不明，故用the former； “更加”表示要用比较级 convenient 和 time-saving 是多音节形容词，比较级在前面加more,四.数量与比较,4. (2009年6月) It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _(更有可能增加体重).,more likely to put on weight,5. (2008年6月) _ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.,Compared with the place in which I grew up/where I grew up,解析： “相比”的逻辑主语是this town， 二者是被动    关系，故用compared表达；     成长发生在过去，故要用过去式,五.被动语态,(2010年12月) The significant museum_(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.,is said to have been built,本题重点考查：被动语态。主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系; 且bulid这一动作发生在过去。  据说 be said to；be said to+ 动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。   大家要特别注意这种主语和位于之间的隐性被动关系和时态。,五.被动语态,2. (2010年6月) We look forward to _(被邀请出席开幕式),being invited to attend the opening ceremony,本题重点考查：look forward to的用法，后面要跟名词或者动词的-ing形式  被动语态：要注意后边是被邀请所以要用被动语态,五.被动语态,3. (2008年6月) Our efforts will pay off if this research _ (能应用于新技术的开发).,can be applied to the exploration of new technology,本题重点考查：题干中没有出现“被”字，这里为隐性被动语态。the results of this research是动作“应用”的被动承受者。,4. (2007年12月) Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _ (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much           they can earn.,is measured by how much they can borrow,五.被动语态,5. (2006年6月) Though a skilled worker, _ (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.,he was fired by the company,本题重点考查：主句用被动语态  根据时间last week判断句子的时态用一般过去式。“被解雇”还可用be discharged/dismissed,六.情态动词表示推测,(2008年6月) I cant boot my computer now. Something _ (一定出了毛病) with its operation system.,must be wrong,本题重点考查： “一定”用情态动词must，表示肯定的猜测。  题干中的时间状语now表明对现在发生的事情很肯定的猜测，那么must后接动词原形即可。注意：如果是对过去事情的肯定的猜测，那么must后要接have done的形式。例如：,六.情态动词表示推测,2.(2006年12月) Some psychologists claim that people _ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).,may feel lonely when they are away from home,本题重点考查：“可能会”用might+动词原形，表示对现在事实的推测。,七.主语从句,1.(2010年12月) _(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.,What impressed the tourists most,解析：分析句子可知，句子缺乏主语    what引导的主语从句；what可引导句子充当主语；     impress用法 给留下印象 impress sb；   &nbs