中美大学体育课程设置现状的比较.pdf

第15卷第3期2008年3月体育学刊JournalofPhysicalEducationVol.15No.3Mar.2008中美大学体育课程设置现状的比较kt14（南阳理工学院体育教学部，河南南阳473004）摘要：SBsvvM1E?!A86Bsvv1&p%!A8S5dB!A8bSBtY8_nv3H_v1M7S_nv3bSvBtY8!s7S!MsbSv8l|nS5n4bSv?3*+%A87S?A8KbSv81=r&=7S/?=T1=bM1UBsYn1-%!A8v8_S9Fr&=19F8=1s8l|nb关键词：8!v8SS中图分类号：G807.0文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-7116(2008)03-0061-06ComparisonofthecurrentstateofthecollegephysicaleducationcurriculumsetupbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesSUIXiao-hang（DepartmentofPhysicalEducation，NanyangInstituteofTechnology，Nanyang473004，China）Abstract:IntheUnitedStatessomepublicuniversitiessetupcompulsoryphysicaleducationcoursesaccordingtotherelevanteducationalregulations,whileotherpublicuniversitiesandallprivateuniversitiesdecidewhetherornottosetupcompulsoryphysicaleducationcoursesaccordingtotheirownneeds,butalluniversitiesinChinahavesetupcompulsoryphysicaleducationcoursesinahighlyunifiedway；intheUnitedStates,somephysicaleducationcoursesareopenedforpeoplewhoarecloselyrelatedtotheuniversities,whiletheyareopenedforcurrentcollegestudents,butinChinaphysicaleducationcoursesareopenedforcurrentcollegestudentsonly；inuniversitiesintheUnitedStates,somephysicaleducationcourseshavenocredits,butinuniversitiesinChinaallphysicaleducationcourseshavecorrespondingcredits；inmostuniversitiesintheUnitedState,physicaleducationcoursesarechargedforteachingservicefees,butinChinateachingserviceiscompletelyfree；universitiesintheUnitedStatesdonotcompulsivelyrequirestudentstotakecompulsoryphysicaleducationcoursesinwhichfixedterms,butinChinathestudytermsofcompulsoryphysicaleducationcoursesarestrictlyspecified；inuniversitiesintheUnitedStates,theteachingcontentsofphysicaleducationcoursesaremainlyfitnesscontents,butinChinasportsskillsarethemainteachingcontents.Relevantinspirationsareasfollows:weshouldallowsomecommoninstitutesofhigherlearningtodecidebythemselveswhetherornottosetupcompulsoryphysicaleducationcourses；weshouldexpandthescopeofservicesubjectsofphysicaleducationcourses；weshouldincreasetheproportionoftheteachingcontentsoffitnesscourses,andthepercentageofexternallyhiredphysicaleducationteachers；weshouldallowouruniversi-tiestochargeforsomephysicaleducationcourses.Keywords:physicaleducationcurriculumsetup；collegephysicaleducation；China；theUnitedStates收稿日期：2007-12-06作者简介：kt3qVZ_8Sv81b62体育学刊第15卷WSv8SYn8YTjAiOSv8!5vSv81bvlSSv8!M1ia1ssSv8!1sSv8!?Z4kb1美国大学体育课程设置现状Sv8Sv2Z?_Ynv39_Bsv=aan#E89S8bSv8Bs!sA8SFRVJSFEQIZTJDBMFEVDBUJPO8S3ssM!s!s8WPMVOUBSZQIZTJDBMFEVDBUJPO!srB8GJUOFTTBOEXFMMCFJOHQSPHSBNTs8SFDSFBUJPODMBTTFTbS5*BtE?nA7!A8t51pnA7!A8v5G1&L=17%7!A8bSBsvv7!sA8svv57!s8s8!srB88b!A8B?=bv8q_q_QQHW_NJObSv8A8_nv3i4n8a8rB8_nv3a=avM1F1,nbSsvv8!fnVb表1美国部分大学体育课程设置情况v!8_VslnfWv8Wvn3a=aan(BHqEV)1s38ln1,n1v1.AS322.1vDodger&n3a&#EVn3a&#EV33.1vDodger&M-181841.K1p2sKV4s2.!s3.snlnln5Zv85Zvn3a=an5!slnv8vn3#vr&n=a#EVana6!sln,v88Ll7B_,vn3a=avEugene-Sprinfieldv878KV12sY8l|n_EDv()rB8_EDvr&n3aC=8v|=9!sln,vrB8,v8vn3a=10!sln9vrB89v38n3a=a!slnktv8!C163Sv1L=fv8Q+8XSnVbBA88X1S4&8rB?Z?PgB&8/?rB3ZT!&F88?rB8X1S4&8rB8X81db34zoi4&rBWfY4?b表2美国部分大学体育课程教学指导思想、目标和教学内容vXaS1=Y2007Ml1WvP?&8ZafZZ11m)111.8a?a8a:ar&2.+y/?/?ar&a4r&a+Y8?a8/1vX3YV8?CV?Z3BM.b1S?Z&8?Z/?Z8?3F8!z88M?F8!38z1.A8ar&aaaoa+y8a82.8aa8r&k?a8r&8/aao8a+y8a:3.hgaa&82a85ZvrB3ZT812a8r&a:aaCoa/?aa+yv3n3a83a=WY4rBaar&a8r&aoa+y8aa&a!3ar&9aZE,v?Z&8/?4&8rBrB3ZTM1M13r&aaPk.a3a0b/aa8F5?aa:Xa7Bao8ar&a88a_EDvYV=r&4&rB8ar&a:aahga?a4r&,vGS854&8rBb8/ar&aaK8?a:a4aa%Z9vH&8rB1417ak?aK8?ar&a8/aai=q1aa:a42我国大学体育课程设置现状Sv8YnT9_nv3d89S8bSv8sv!sA8s8tYn8sbv8!sbMSuSYn81v/eu1v?oYnBa=M)A7!8_snbYnM)337!8bp_snyNS)Yn1dB!sA88bSYnB?S3S3AvBa=M)=A8v1p3A83HW1aM)V18bA8BBq_=aaq_qBQQ_NJO8Bq_qBQQ_NJOb64体育学刊第15卷SYnA88XorBBpbu1vSV5S5?ZSSa/?Sa&8rBSarBSaSbSYnv81=/?=B=98=1vbSsYnv8Y=nVb表3我国部分普通高等学校大学体育课程类型和教学内容_MnAbvaaMaoaoaoaToaoaoaoaVoa,oaToaoaoaK7aaraaa1&aST/aa73i3/?a8!ra8rBa8oaoaoaoaToaToaoaoaoaoaoaoaVoa,oaamata(araa1&aaapabaVaBa/a:aMaoa_7ata73i3/?albaaSTara8a8a:afaKaaa-oaoa:a8aaa815vaaraoaoaoaoaoaoamoaoaoa8a8ara8a.dr&aa1&a8a?aaba88ata(aoaVa:aCr&ZEaaS=aoaCr&aoaX162v$aBaoaoaoaoaoa)taatarar&aara8r&a8ar&ar&a(ao0&aaaOaa_7a73i17A8MSS/voaoaoaoaoaoaar3a8rBa!3a73i.dr&aB$V/FaS=8aarBYv$aoaoaoaoaoaoarar8ara8a8aar8aaaua8?kaoaoaoaoaoaoararaatawmaiaY&a(a8a8203中美大学体育课程设置的异同M)bSYn!v87Svsvv!v8sv!8bSjv8v8!Sb98Av8XSMbSv8XS4&8rBa?Z/?a!88?arB3ZTSv8XorBBpS?ZS?Z/?a!3F88?a9&8rBarB3ZTbSv8?TySfa8Q7bsZbA!1pbSvvE?1pG1&L=17%!A8byNSBsv!A86Bsv5!SYnvSE?u1v1pdB!A8b1ZsS87b_sbSvA88_n3a=aanvM1SYn8_n3bktv8!C165Sv8+EsAy7v8_9AAU+bsuYbSvA8!svsSvarB88B!s7SvsYn8!MsblnSEbSvA8nYv81l|BnSYnv8nbS6?rS8hnSyNA88lnV?bS?ZSE8hnMyNR8|lnSEHHqV?!bA8HWbSvA8?1p3*+3V1-97%HSvsYn5?3AvBa=M)=A8b-SYnq3?v7385b31-974A8HWP|9F8=8!pbyN1p3M%+A8SEVCHq/KvA81pb1=ivsbSv8=r&1MvK1=7/?Sv8K1=bSM1/?Sv81=7TNr&51=yZSv87ZziOtS1yN3YV8VB/?=Sv8Es3VYVF8/?/?Sv8=8=yNnV127vTNr&8=bMr&=Sv81Fv-1=byB1WS.dr&EsCr&kC=n7172a8=C=V?vr&1=vsr&=1i=67SYni=86y7r&E8=b4美国大学体育课程设置对我们的启示BsHqzzv8rYn1-+%!A8bSvpl+yNCXSYv8bS?u1v1a?Sv8TEtv8$Hb-SBtHqz86!1zv8rYnXuu1v4vBa=M)=7!A8KbtnXVC1p+v8Q7%!A8baBtnFA8Y8nqyBT8=H3WqyBVYBbSYnT88=n)F1/Vnqyr8bnFA8Y8PnZ9F8=8g-4/7yqyB8b/Vv4687OZ43WYqyBVBbv8=9Fr&=1=Fv8=1bSv8=M1Sv8=/?=1vbYV?CEr&v8=1Z4yBC=r&8=?C8=bC%66体育学刊第15卷I=Y=r&8=-4pbInav8l|nBs8bSvA8Y8|lnSEkbSYnq3?n8=m9yN7Sv8Mb%8?mvgMInBtn8:oaoaoa|lnZEBs8b参考文献：1HarvardUniversity.AthleticMembershipsEB/OL./ViewArticle.dbm1DB_OEM_ID=9000&KEY&ATCLID=6506922007-08-28.2ColumbiaUniversityintheCityofNewYork.PhysicalEducationRequiredProgramEB/OL.http；//ViewArticle.dbm1?DB_OEM_ID=9600&KEY=&ATCLID=5768572007-08-28.3ColumbiaUniversityintheCityofNewYork.Mar-cellusHartletDodgePhysicalFitnessCenter2007-08MembershipguideDB/OL.http；//pdf3/81244.pdf?ATCLID=575833&SPID=3893&DB_OEM_ID=9600&SPSID=437302007-08-29.4ColumbiaUniversityintheCityofNewYork.Per-sonalTrainingatColumbiaEB/OL./ViewArticle.dbm1?DB_OEM_ID=9600&KEY=&ATCLID=6515892007-08-29.5YaleUniversity.StatementofAthleticphilosophyEB/OL./administra-Tion/mission.html2007-09-01.6PrincetonUniversity.PrincetonDepartmentofAth-leticsandCampusRecreationDB/OL.http:/www.P/campusre/PrfallSm07.pdf2007-09-01.7UniversityofOregon.PE&RECDB/OL./phys_ed/pe.html2007-09-02.8PennsylvaniaStateUniversity.InquireAboutStudentFitnessMembershipDB/OL./cgi-bin/fitness.exe/launch/FitnessMembership2007-09-10.9PennsylvaniaStateUniversity.InquireAboutFaculty/StaffFitnessMembershipDB/OL.https:/FitnessmeM/cgi-bin/fitness.exe/launch/FitnessMembership2007-09-10.10OhioStateUniversity.ParticipantPoliciesDB/OL./fitness_policies.asp2007-09-11.11HarvardUniversity.RecreationOverviewEB/OL./ViewArticle.dbm1DB_OEM_ID=9000&KEY&ATCLID=6550912007-08-28.12YaleUniversity.YaleDepartmentofAthleticsRec-reationalFacilities,Programs,andOpportunitiesEB/OL./links/yale-sport-rec.html2007-09-04.13UniversityofOregon.PhysicalEducationProgramDB/OL./phys_ed/pe.html2007-09-02.14WashingtonStateUniversity.UniversityRecreationFitnessDB/OL./myFiles/FitnessFin-al.Pdf2007-09-03.15bv.8=sEB/OL./Training.Asp2007-10-12.16v.8EB/OL./pkuped/tyjx/tyjxMain-xmjs.html2007-10-14.172v.8!fEB/OL./cps/site/tyb/tiyukexue.htm2007-10-14.18SS/v.SSv8diiEB/OL.6/gym_xk/default1.Htm2007-10-15.19Yv.8vEB/OL.30/news_more.asp?lm=70,2007-10-15.编辑：第15卷第3期2008年3月体育学刊JournalofPhysicalEducationVol.15No.3Mar.2008影响大学生体育锻炼行为的家庭因素调查与分析3r15（南通大学体育科学学院，江苏南通226007）摘要：Yv38EVysbTVYyFv381M1v381CM10oF8v3F8M1MF8v3F8Yv3F8BM1b1jhTEVv38fgv37Bv387338f1Ao3b关键词：v3EV中图分类号：G806文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-7116(2008)03-0067-04InvestigationandanalysisoffamilyfactorsthataffectthephysicalexercisingbehaviorsofcollegestudentsCHANGSheng，WUJian（SchoolofPhysicalEducation，NantongUniversity，Nantong226007，China）Abstract:Therelationbetweenparentsparticipationinexercisingandthephysicalexercisingbehaviorsofcollegestudentsisapositivecorrelation,whiletherelationbetweenparentseducationalbackgroundandthephysicalexer-cisingbehaviorsofcollegestudentsisalowdegreenegativecorrelation；