苏科版七年级数学上册4.3.5工程问题同步练习含答案

苏科版七年级数学上册4.3.5工程问题同步练习含答案第5课时工程问题知识点 1工程问题1一项工作，甲单独做需20小时完成，乙单独做需12小时完成，现由甲独做4小时，剩下的甲、乙合做，还需几小时？设剩下部分要x小时完成，下列方程正确的是()A.420x20x121 B.420x20x121C.420x20x121 D.420x20x1212有两支同样长的蜡烛，一支能点燃4小时，另一支能点燃3小时，一次遇到停电，同时点燃这两支蜡烛，来电后同时吹灭，发现其中一支的长度是另一支长度的一半，则停电时间为()A2小时 B3小时 C.125小时 D.52小时3某中学的学生自己动手整修操场，如果让八年级学生单独工作，需要6小时完成；如果让九年级学生单独工作，需要8小时完成现在由八、九年级学生一起工作x小时，完成了任务的23.根据题意，可列方程为_4甲工人接到120个零件的任务，工作1小时后，因为要提前完成任务，调来乙工人和甲合作，共同做了3小时完成，已知甲每小时比乙少做5个，则乙每小时做_个5某地为了打造风光带，将一段长为360 m的河道整治任务分配给甲、乙两个工程队，他们先后接力完成，共用时20天已知甲工程队每天整治24 m，乙工程队每天整治16 m，求甲、乙两个工程队分别整治了多长的河道 6甲、乙两班同学参加“绿化家乡，植树造林”活动，已知甲班同学单独完成分配给学校的植树任务需7小时，乙班同学单独完成该任务需5小时，现由甲、乙两班同学共同来完成此项任务，并在植树过程中开展劳动竞赛，甲班的工作效率提高了40%，乙班的工作效率提高了50%，求两班同学合作几小时就可把树全部植完 知识点 2劳动力调配问题7甲队有37人，乙队有23人，现在从乙队抽调x人到甲队，使甲队人数正好是乙队人数的2倍，根据题意，列出方程是_8某服装厂童装车间有40名工人，缝制一种儿童套装(一件上衣和两条裤子配成一套)已知1名工人一天可缝制童装上衣3件或裤子4件，问怎样分配工人才能使缝制出来的上衣和裤子恰好配套？ 9阳光工程队派出大、小汽车共17辆运75吨沙子，如果大汽车每辆可运沙子5吨，小汽车每辆可运沙子3吨，如何分配大、小汽车的辆数，使它们恰好能一次运完这批沙子？ 10已知9人14天完成了一项工程的35，而剩下的工程要在4天内完成，若每人每天的工作量不变，则需要增加的人数是()A14 B13 C12 D1111某工厂第一车间人数比第二车间人数的45少30人，如果从第二车间调10人到第一车间，那么第一车间的人数就是第二车间人数的34.求第一车间、第二车间原有的人数 12.古代有个寓言故事，驴子和骡子一起走路，它们驮着不同袋数的货物，每袋货物都一样重，驴子抱怨负担太重，骡子说：“你抱怨什么？如果你给我一袋，那我负担的就是你的2倍；如果我给你一袋，我们才恰好驮的一样多”试问驴子原来所驮的货物是多少袋？(1)若设驴子原来所驮的货物为x袋，则骡子原来驮了_袋(2)根据题意，列出方程并解答 13抗震救灾重建家园，为了修建在地震中受损的一条公路，若由甲工程队单独修建需3个月完成，每月耗资12万元；若由乙工程队单独修建需6个月完成，每月耗资5万元(1)请问甲、乙两工程队合作修建需几个月完成？共耗资多少万元？(2)若要求最迟4个月完成修建任务，请你设计一种方案，既保证按时完成任务，又最大限度节省资金(时间按整月计算) 14某乳制品厂有鲜牛奶10吨，若直接销售，每吨可获利500元；若制成酸奶销售，每吨可获利1200元；若制成奶粉销售，每吨可获利2000元，该工厂的生产能力是：若制成酸奶，每天可加工鲜牛奶3吨；若制成奶粉，每天可加工鲜牛奶1吨(两种加工方式不能同时进行)受气温条件限制，这批鲜牛奶必须在4天内全部销售或加工完成为此该厂设计了以下两种可行方案：方案一：4天时间全部用来生产奶粉，剩余鲜牛奶直接销售；方案二：将一部分鲜牛奶制成奶粉，剩余的制成酸奶，并恰好4天完成你认为哪种方案获利较多，为什么？ 1C2C3.16x18x234205解：设甲工程队整治了x m的河道，则乙工程队整治了(360x)m的河道根据题意，得x24360x1620，解得x120，则360x240.答：甲工程队整治了120 m的河道，乙工程队整治了240 m的河道6解：设两班同学合作x小时就可把树全部植完由题意，得17(140%)x15(150%)x1，解得x2.答：两班同学合作2小时就可把树全部植完737x2(23x)8解：设x名工人缝制上衣，(40x)名工人缝制裤子由题意，得23x4(40x)，解得x16，则40x401624.答：应分配16名工人缝制上衣，24名工人缝制裤子9解：设大汽车有x辆，则小汽车有(17x)辆由题意，得5x3(17x)75，解得x12.当x12时，17x5.答：应安排12辆大汽车，5辆小汽车才能恰好一次运完这批沙子10C.11解：设第二车间原有x人，则第一车间原有45x30人根据题意，得45x301034(x10)，解得x250，所以45x30170.答：第一车间、第二车间的原有人数分别是170人、250人12解：(1)(2x3)(2)由题意，得x12x31，解得x5.答：驴子原来所驮的货物为5袋13 解：(1)设甲、乙两工程队合作修建需x个月完成根据题意，得1316x1，解得x2.(125)234(万元)答：甲、乙两工程队合作修建需要2个月完成，共耗资34万元(2)根据题意，有如下三种方案：方案一：由甲工程队单独修建3个月完成任务，耗资12336(万元)；方案二：由甲、乙两工程队合作修建2个月完成任务，耗资34万元；方案三：由甲、乙两工程队合作修建一段时间，剩下的由乙工程队单独完成任务设甲、乙合作y个月，剩下的由乙来完成(1316)y4y61，解得y1.此时耗资1125432(万元)因为323436，所以甲、乙合作1个月，剩下的由乙来做3个月既能按时完成任务，又最大限度节省资金14 解：方案二获利较多理由：方案一：142000650011000(元)；方案二：设制奶粉x天，则制酸奶(4x)天则1x(4x)310，解得x1.11200033120012800(元)因为1280011000，所以方案二获利较多 精编2018-2019年七年级英语上第一次月考试卷七年级 英 语 (考试时间：120分钟 总分：150分)Class: Name: Marks: 注意事项：1、答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息。2、请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。第卷（选择题 共85分）I. 单项选择。(A)选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（15小题，每题2分，共30分）( )1._ is he? He is my friend.A. What B. Where C. Who D. How( )2. Mary and Joy are _ Class One. They are _ the U.S.A.A. from; in B. in; from C. to; from D. in; to( )3. _ Yes, Im Mike.A. Whats your name? B. What are you? C. How are you? D. Are you Mike?( )4.Is this _ car? Yes, its _ English car.A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a( )5.What are those? _ are cakes.A. These B. We C. Those D. They( )6.Whats that _ English? Its a desk.A. from B. to C. in D. /( )7. 当别人称赞你时, 你应该说: “_”。A. Thanks. B. Good. C. Yes. D. No.( )8.Is her name Sally? _A. Yes, she is. B. No, she isnt. C. Yes, its. D. No, it isnt.( )9. Im in Class 4. Are you in Class 4, _?A. either B. too C. and D. also( )10. Welcome to Beijing! _A. Welcome to Beijing, too. B. Thanks.C. Fine, thanks. D. Yes, I am.( )11. _, are you Michael? No, Im not. Im Ben.A. How are you B. OK C. Excuse me D. Thanks( )12. This is my teacher, Miss Chen. _ is from Beijing.A. She B. He C. Her D. His( )13. Linda is fifteen _.A. year B. years C. years old D. year old( )14. _ . B-O-O-K,book.A. Can you spell it, please? B.Whats this in English?B. How do you spell it? D. How are you? ( )15. What _ is Maria in? She is in _ Six.A. Class; Class B. Class; class C. class; class D. class; Class(B)选出与划线部分意思相同或相近的最佳选项。（5小题，每题1分，共5分）( )16.Whats your name? My name is Li Ming.A. You are B. I am C. I is D. She is( )17.Thank you very much. You are welcome.A. Thats OK. B. Fine, thanks. C. Nice to see you. D. Good morning( )18.How are you? Fine,thanks.A. Yes, she is. B. Goodbye! C. No,she isnt. D. Im OK.( )19.Here you are. Thanks.A. Thats OK. B. Thank. C. Thank you. D. Bye.( )20.Theyre Maria and Jane.A.They am B. They is C. They are D.You are. 完形填空。（10小题，每题1分，共10分） Hello! 21 name is Li Ying. Im twelve. Im from Kunming. Now Im in Beijing No.14 High School. Im 22 Class Five, Grade Seven. Miss Gao 23 my English teacher. She is 24 old teacher. I have(有) a pen, a ruler and two 25 in my pencil-box(文具盒). Liu Ping is in Grade Seven, too. 26 is from Guangzhou. She is my good 27 . We are in 28 same class. Now she can 29 English well(好). I think(认为) she is a good girl. Look！ 30 is that? She is Liu Ping.( )21. A. I B. My C. Your D. Me( )22. A. from B. to C. not D. in( )23. A. is B. are C. am D. be( )24. A. a B. an C. good D. /( )25. A. buses B. desks C. schoolbags D. pencils( )26. A. He B. His C. She D. Her( )27. A. friend B. teacher C. student D. mom( )28. A. these B. the C. an D. a( )29. A. spell B. speak C. help D. see( )30. A. How B. What C. Where D. Who . 阅读理解（15小题，每题2分，共30分） AName Age From TelZhong Nan 40 Beijing 8876-5342Gao Ming 13 Shanghai 5673-6981Martin 28 England 7342-6979( )31. Gao Ming is from _. A. the U.S.A. B. Japan C. China D. Canada( )32. Martin is _. A. Chinese B. Japanese C. American D. English( )33. Is Zhong Nan from China? A. No, he is. B. No, he isnt. C. Yes, he is. D. Yes, it is.( )34. How old is Zhong Nan? A. 8876-5342 B. 13 C. 28 D. 40( )35. His telephone number is 5673-6981. Who is he?A. He is Martin. B. He is Zhong Nan. C. He is Gao Ming. D. He is 40.BHello! My name is Joy. Im a girl. Im eleven. Im in Class Eight, Grade Seven. This is my friend, Joan. She is twelve. She is in a high school. She is in Class Seven, Grade Eight. My English teacher is Miss White, but her English teacher is Miss Green. Look！Whos that? Oh, shes my mom. Shes a Chinese(语文, 中文) teacher.( )36. _ is in Class Eight, Grade Seven.A. Joan B. John C. Joy D. Joe( )37. Joan is Joys _.A. teacher B. friend C. student D. mom( )38. Joan is _. A. eleven B. twelve C. thirteen D. fourteen( )39. Joys English teacher is _.A. Miss White B. Miss Green C. Joys mom D. Joan( )40. Joys mother is _.A. an English teacher B. a friendC. a student D. a Chinese teacher CHello! My name is John Brown. Im from England. Im an English teacher. Im in Beijing International School.My telephone number is 8523-3237. Zhang Hao, Alice and Yingzi are my students. Im Zhang Hao. My English name is Peter. Im eleven years old. Im from Beijing. My telephone number is 8876-5342.Alice Brown is my name. Im twelve. Im from Canada. My mom is a teacher. My telephone number is 7342-6979.Im Yingzi. Im fourteen years old. Im from Japan. 5673-6981 is my telephone number.( )41. Where is John Brown from?America B. China C. England D. Japan( )42. Peter is a .A. girl B. teacher C. mom D. student( )43. Alice is a girl. Her telephone number is .A. 5673-6981 B. 8876-5342 C. 7342-6979 D. 8523-3237( )44. How old is Yingzi?A. 11. B. 12. C. 13. D. 14.( )45.下面哪一项叙述是不正确的？A. John Brown is an English teacher. B. Zhang Hao is from China.C. Alice is a teacher. D. Yingzi is a girl student. . 补全对话。（5小题，每题2分，共10分，其中有两个选项多余）A. Welcome to China.B. Whats your telephone number?C. Are you Maria?D. Whats your name, please?E. Thats OK.F. Where are you from?G. How are you?A: Excuse me, 46. B: My name is Maria. A: 47. B: Im from Cuba.A: 48. B:It is 4383927