词汇笔记邵宁-考研英语二.doc

-词汇一上 词汇5500 个基础词汇：tractorvisitor边缘词汇：monarch turnipsulfur宗教，科普，历史。核心词汇：2300 个59-80 页基础词汇1.I graduated from the high school.high school = middle school = secondary school 中学senior schooljunior schoolprimary schoolelementary school2.sometime有一次I met him sometime last week. 一个时间点sometimes 有时候Sometimes I suffer from headache. 多个时间点some time一段时间I have been waiting for some time. 两点之间有一个间隔核心词汇1. American companies are evolving from mass-production manufacturing to flexible enterprises. evolve from A to B从 A 演变到 Bmass-production 大规模生产flexible 灵活的17方法：替代法、联合法、谐音法、对比法、拆解法1.替代词：agenda=plan n.议事日程on the agendaPlease place it on the agenda.The government has set an for reform over the next ten year. A. agonyB. agendaC. dilemmaD. paradoxassignment=task=homework n.任务assign v.分配，指派How are you getting along with your assignment?incentiven. 刺激inspirationn. 1.灵感；2.鼓舞encouragement=incentive=inspirationment n.encourage=en-courageen 使有courage 勇气使有勇气discourage=dis-courage material incentivedis 否定courage 勇气使泄气Your help has been an inspiration to me.preserve=keepconserve=save _orderpreserve _ones energyconserve fresh flesh preserven.保持，腌制2.联合法：friendship=friend-ship friend 朋友ship 关系n.友谊disappointment n.失望disappoint=dis-appointdis 否定appoint 约会ment n. ragrapratrobrodrugrag be in rags rug=carpet blanket(床)rob v. 1.抢劫；2.盗窃stealrob a wallet该句子是错误的！rob sb of sthrob him of his walletsteal his wallet rap=knockrat=mousemouse 小老鼠rod=stickrap a rat with a rodpit witA fall in the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智sweet sweatNo sweet without sweat.No pain, no gains.repelrebel repel the rebelstwist wrist twist ones wrist3.谐音法：frugaladj.节俭的-al adj.腐乳够=thrifty adj.节俭的-y 多thrift n. 节俭live a simple life.live a frugal life.a frugal housekeeper. 一个节俭的管家thriftthriftycloudcloudy-y 多dirt n.灰尘，尘埃dirtyhairhairy (sb)a hairy hand fur n.furry (sth)extravagant adj.奢侈的，过分的 extra-vag-ant extra 过多的 vag 喂 ant adj.Parents who have extravagant hopes for their children are bound to be disappointed. bound 必定的，注定的-词汇一下agony n.苦恼 爱过你curse v./n.诅咒，咒骂 克死ambition n.雄心，抱负 俺必胜slaughter v.屠杀 死了老多inch n.英寸 foot n.英尺 mile n.英里4.对比法：1）形近词adapt/adoptadapt=ad-apt ad add 增加 增加适应性 v. 1.使.适应;2.改编apt adj.1.适当的，恰当的；2.有.倾向的 He made an apt remark. 他做出了恰当的评论。adapt+sb 使动动词的宾语通常是人adapt oneself to new environmentadapt oneself to 调整自己使适应. 有反身代词的一定选 adapt. adapt the play for television改编剧本使更适应于电视播放adopt=ad-optad 增加opt option 选择增加+选择=选中v.1.采纳;2.收养optional course 选修课adopt ones suggestionadopt an orphan2) 义近词reserve ordersubscribereserve v.预留reserve a room/table/seat at a hotel=book不能拿走，只能留book v.预定book a ticketorder v.预定order a cake/suit（男）/dress（女）可以带走subscribe v.订阅subscribe to a newspaper/magazine/journal/periodical3) 形近+义近（2004）worth worthyworthwhileadj.价值的worth be worth doing/名词在此处动名词表示被动The book is worth reading/being read. 错误worthy adj. 1.有价值的；2.值得尊重的，值得表扬的，值得敬佩的（定语，修饰人）be worthy of doing/be worhty to do在此处动名词是正常的动名词The book is worthy of being read.The book is worthy to be read. a worthy professor 值得尊重的，值得敬佩的worthwhile adj.worthwhile doing/to do也可以什么都不带Our effort is worthwhile.4) 短语 look for look at get upturn down 调小；拒绝look uplook downlook into look outlook up查找.look up the dictionary 错look up the word in the dictionary refer to the dictionaryreference n.参考书look down look down on sb/look up to sb 看不起/尊重look into=investigate调查invest-i-gateinvest 投资gate 大门look into the matter look out小心put up=put sb up提供住宿turn down the radioturn down ones requestturn down=decline5.拆解法：prefix-root-suffix 前缀-词根-后缀前缀改义，后缀改性compose 前缀+词根重点！1) root-suffix词根+后缀-y 多 两个后缀改变词义的例子industry n. 1.工业;2.勤奋 可以作为词根出现 industrialadj. 工业的al adj. industrious=diligentadj. 勤奋ous adj.His is industrious in his business.imagine v.想象imaginary想象出来的ary 性质imaginative想象力丰富的tive 多imaginable可以想象出来的able 能drinkable 可以饮用的1.The picture is highly_ imaginative2.All the characters in the book are imaginary2) prefix-root前缀+词根构词法精神的灵魂！abstractcontractextractdistractsubtractattracttractorn.拖拉机tract拖，拉abstract=abs-tractabs=ab 离开n.摘要，抽象abnormal adj.反常的contract=con-tractcon=com=cor=col=co 共同，一起v.收缩 n.合同读音名前动后extract=ex-tractex 外adj.提取，拔出extract a tooth extract juice from fruitdistract=dis-tractdis 分开，否定v.使.分心distract sb from doing sthsubtract=sub-tractsub 下面的v.减去，扣除attract=at-tract 字母 a 加词根的第一个字母表示动作的加强加强拉=吸引-词汇二上Unit one同根词:1. compose expose impose propose disposesupposeopposepose 词根“摆”position n.位置composecomposercompositionhydrogenoxygencompose=com-posecom 共同，一起pose 摆组成，创作composer, compositionWater is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.be composed of 被动语态expose=ex-pose ex 外pose 摆揭露，暴露be exposed to dangerbe exposed to 被动语态impose=im-pose im=in 里面pose 摆强加impose ones view upon othersimpose sth on/upon sb/sthHis family imposed a heavy burden on his life. other 的用法：otheranotherthe otherothersthe othersevery otheranother(one more)Have another drinkthe other(the second of two)one is red, the other is green.On the other side of the street. others(=other people,只能指人)Some people., others.the others(=the rest,人或物均可)every other每隔一个every other dayevery other line the other day=a few days ago 句子时态是一般过去式propose proposalpropose=pro-pose pro 前面pose 摆1.建议；2.求婚propose (marriage) to sb proposaldispose disposaldispose=dis-pose dis 否定，没有pose 摆v.处理(掉)dispose of ones old furnituredispose of sthdisposalMan proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天disposal at ones disposal 随某人自由支配put/leave sth at ones disposalsuppose=sup-posesup 下面pose 摆假设Let me suppose it to be so.opposeopposite object tooppose=op-pose opposite adj 相对的，对面的op 相反，相对pose 摆反对oppose the plan/proposaloppose sthI am opposed to your idea.be opposed to sth(被动)object to doing/sth(主动)3. compressdepressexpressimpressoppresssuppresspress v.压,按compress=com-press v.压缩He compressd his idea into a single press sth into sthdepress=de-press de 向下press 压v.1.向下压;2.使沮丧 depress the button The gloomy weather depressed me.expressexpression expressway freeway highwayexpress=ex-press ex 向外press 压v.表达expression express n.快车express trainexpress mailhighway n.公路，干路expressway n.高速公路freeway n.高速公路（免费的）impress impression impressiveimpress=im-press im 里press 压v.给.留下印象impression n.impressive adj 印象深刻的ive 很多oppress=op-press op 反press 压压迫，压制oppress the workerssuppress revolt repelrebeltwistwrist sweatsweetsuppress=sup-press sup 下press 压镇压supposeThe revolt was suppressed by the military.repel the rebelstwist ones wristno sweat, no sweet.4. observe v.1.观察；2.遵守5. exhibitinhibitprohibit-hibit (拿)exhibit displayexhibition bravery battleexhibit=ex-hibitex 外面hibit 拿v. 1.展览；2.展示出n.展品Our soldiers exhibited great bravery in the battle.display exhibition n.展览Dont touch the exhibits.inhibitinexpensive persuadeinhibit=in-hibitin 否定，里面hibit 拿v.约束inexpensive=cheapThe price is cheap. 错The price is low.v+sb+from+doing 否定prevent sb from doing something inhibit sb from doing something. v+sb+into+doing肯定 persuade sb into doing sthprohibit=pro-hibitpro 在.前hibit 拿禁止inhibit 的升级版prohibit sb from doing sth形近词1. attributecontributedistributetribute n.贡品，礼物（下级对上级）-tribute 给予gift 礼物attributeaggravategraveattribute=at-tributeat 加强，加重tribute 给予归因于.词根第一个字母重复表示加强attractaggravate=ag-grav-ateag 加强grave adj.严重的ate v.加重aggravate the situationMustafa attributes his success to hard work.attribute A to B His success is attributed to hard work.A be attributed to Bcontribute=con-tributecon 全部tribute 给予v.1.捐献；2.促成Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.B contribute to AB 是原因，A 是结果distribute=dis-tributedis 否定，分开tribute 给予分发，分配Tickets will be distributed to all club members.2. assureensure reassure insure securesure 确信assure ensureassure v.使确信 +sb使动动词通常跟人ensure v.确信，确保+sthI that theyll be safe.ensureI you that theyll be safe.assurereassure repeatcomfort consolereassure=re+assure v.安慰repeatcomfortconsolereassure+sb=console+sb console=con=solecon 一起sole 单一的，单身的(女性) I will try to reassure her.The good news consoled him a great deal.insure insuranceinsure v.保险insure the houseinsurance companyHe insured the house against fire.insure sb/sth againstsecure securityhostage marriagepackagesecure v. 保护security checka sense of security/humora sense of responsibilitya sense of dutysecure sbsecure the hostageage n.hostage n.人质marriage n.婚姻package n.包裹propose marriage to sbpackage packet pocket parcel pack luggagebaggagesuitcasebriefcase pursepackage=parcelpacket=pack n.小包a packet of cigarettes/candy pocket n.口袋pocket money 零用钱luggage=baggage=suitcasebriefcasewalletpurse-词汇二下3. confineconfirmconform confrontconfinehouseholdconfine=con-finecon 一起fine 惩罚限制confine the speech to 30 minutes.confine sth (to, within)In the old days womens activities were confined to the household.confirm=con-firm con 一起firm 确定证实，确认He confirmed his reservation by phone.reserveconform comply abideobserveconform=con-formcon 共同form 形式符合，遵守1.conform to Conform to the form to the local customs 入乡随俗2.comply with comply with the rule3.abide byabide by the law observe 遵守，观察confront=con-frontcon 一起front 前面（勇敢）面对，面临be confronted by/with I am confronted with difficulties.be opposed to4. assumepresume resume consumeassumeresponsibility grantassume v.1.假设（没有根据），认为某事是当然的；2.承担take sth for granted 认为某事是当然的，想当然地认为assume 的真正含义I assumed that I was right.assume the responsibility.=take on the responsibilitypresume missstolengonepresume v.推测（有根据的）Their son was missing, presumed dead.missing adj.丢了现在分词miss v.想念，丢失The wallet was _.lost/missing/stolen/disappearing/gone现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动resume vt. 恢复 n.履历resume+doingresume ones position 复职consume consumer customer5. boldfoldmoldwithholdthreshold scoldboldventureadventurebold adj. 1.勇敢地，冒失的；2.黑体的Its bold of you to venture to do this.adventure n. All the key words are printed in bold type.foldv.折叠fold a letterfolding adja folding chair/bed/rullermold v.塑造n.模子mold ones characterwithhold temptationwithholdv.1.拒付；2.阻挡withhold the paymentwithhold the temptation = resist the temptationthreshold n. 开端，门槛on the threshold ofHe was on the threshold of a brilliant career.scoldblamecriticisescold v.斥责，批评scold sb for sthblamecriticise6. disfusediscountdismay disruptdis dif 分开，除去disfuse transmitdisfuse=dis-fuse dis 分开fuse 保险丝扩散，传播disfuse knowledge/heat=transimit knowledge/heatdiscount=dis-countn.折扣Staff get 20% discount on all goods.dismay desperate hopeless housewife criminaldismay=dis-may dis 去掉 may 可能性 使绝望 dismay sbWe were dismayed at the news.desperate 1.绝望的；2.铤而走险的（主观） hopeless 真正的绝望/没有希望，无药可救（客观）desperate housewives a desperate criminal He was desperate to find a job. 主观上的感觉 He was hopeless to find any job. 客观上disrupt=dis-ruptdis 分开rupt 断裂使中断disrupt the flight.近义词1. coarseroughcrudecoarse adj.粗糙的，粗俗的（具体含义）His skin is coarse. a coarse jokerough adj.粗糙的，粗略的（抽象）a rough estimate/computation a draftroughcruderudecruel brutalcrude adj.未经提炼的，天然的crude oil/salt raw material natural resourcesrude 粗鲁的crude 未提纯的cruel adj.残酷的=brutal adj.野蛮的be cruel to sba brutal war/winter2. baldbarebarelyblankvacant hollowbaldbarepatchbald adj.光秃的go bald like your fathera bald patchpatch n.一小块儿地方bare adj.赤裸的（手，脚）do sth with bare hand.barely hardlyalmostbarely adv.勉强的hardly adv 几乎不almost adv.几乎差不多I barely made it. 成功了肯定I almost made it. 没成功否定blank adj. 空白的（平面）a blank cheque/pagevacant adj.空缺的（立体，抽象）a vacant seat/rooma vacant position 空缺的职位a vacant house没人占用an empty room空空的房子hollowtrunkhollow adj.中空的a hollow tree/trunk-词汇三上3.certificate diplomaqualification licenceguarantee warrantyfactory millworkplantbrick记忆名词首先要找到通用词工厂factory 通用词学习名词首先找到通用词mill n.磨坊；工厂（轻工业）paper millcotton millworks n.工厂（重工业）iron works steel worksbrick worksplant n.植物；工厂（制造业、机电）a manufacturing plant 制造厂traveljourneytripvoyage tourspaceshipspace shuttle touristtourism旅行travel通用词travel agencyjourney n.长途旅行a long journeyI wish you a safe journey （机场）trip n.短途旅行Have a pleasent trip.voyage n.航行Go on a voyage to Australia/the moon.spaceshipspace shuttletour n.旅游tour guidetouristtourismcertificate n.证书通用词a birth certificatehealth certificatediploma n.毕业证书ND=national diplomaa diploma in architecturequalification qualifiedqualification n.从业资格证书a doctors qualificationteaching/nursing qualification qualified adj.有资格的be qualified forMy educational background and professional experience can make me qualified for the job. education background 学历背景professional experience 工作经验licence n.执照,许可证a driving licencea dog licencemarriage licenceguarantee warrantyguarantee n.保证书The watch comes with a years guarantee. warranty n.保修证明The new car is still under warranty4. allowancepension dolebonusincomerevenuewages salary glassestrousers instructions 通用名词income n.收入revenue 收入（集体） wagesn.工资（蓝）wagesglasses trousersinstructionssalary n.薪水（白）allowancesubsidyallowance n.津贴，补贴a housing/traffic/traveling allowance=subsidya trade subsidy 行业津贴pension annuitypension n.退休金，养老金a retirement pension annuity n.年金a life annuity 终身年金dole baldboldbarebarelydole n.失业救济金be/go on the dolego baldboldbarebarelyHe was on the dole.bonus premium skillfulbonus n.奖金，红利 a christmas bonus premium n.奖金，保险费（投保人支付的） put/place a premium on 高度重视某事Modem economies place a premium on educated workers. skillful5. meetingconferenceconventioncongresscouncil parliamentseminarforumfairmeeting conferenceconventionmeeting n.会议conference n.正式会议a press conference 记者招待会an annual conference 年会convention n.大会（政、经），习俗the Democratic Party Convention 民主党大会congresscouncil parliament seminar forumfaircongress n.国会，代表大会the National Peoples Congress 全国人民代表大会council n.理事会an emergency council 紧急会议parliament n.其它国家的国会seminar n.研讨会forum n.论坛international forum of economic 国际经济论坛fair n.博览会temple fair 庙会Unit two同根词1. evolvevolv v.involverevolvevolu n.volt v.n.转，卷evolve evolution apeevolve=e-volee 外volve 转v.进化evolve fromevolution n.进化Man evolves from apes。involvescandalinvolve=in-volvein 里volve 卷v.卷入，涉及be involved in sthbe opposed to 反对被动表主动A famous politician was involved in the scandal. 丑闻revolve revolutionindustriousrevolve=re-volvere 又，再volve 转v.围绕，旋转revolve around 以.为中心focus onHis life revolves around his job.revolution n.旋转；革命Industrial Revolution 工业革命industrious 勤奋的，勤勉的internet revolution2. insistpersist resistconsistassistsist=stand 站insist=in-sistin 里面sist 站v.坚持；坚决要求insist onI insist that 坚决要求虚拟语气persistpersevere severepersist=per-sistper 贯穿sist 站v.坚持（到底）保持结果的词persevere=per-severe per 贯穿severe 严酷的，严峻的v.坚持persist in sth/doing sthpersist in ones opinion/purpose persevere in sth/doing sthpersevere in ones studiesresist withholdcaptureresist=re-sistre 反sist 站v.抵抗resist temptationresist arrestarrest=ar-restar 加强v.依法逮捕capture n.逮捕capture a birdconsistcomposeconsist=con-sistcon 一起sist 站v.组成consist of compose 共同摆在一起be composed of 被动语态The United Kindom consists of Great Britain and Northern Irelandassistassistantassist=as-sistas 一起v.辅助，帮助assistant n.助手3. formulaformulateconforminformreformperformtransform uniformform 形式formularecipe methodwayformula=form-ulaula 优了n.诀窍；公式What is her formula for success?methodway 很少用用 formularecipe n .食谱，处方，诀窍替换formulate=formul-ateformu 公式ate 动作v.构思，规划formulate a policyformulate an answerconformapplyabideobserveconform v.符合，遵守conform to obs