公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记(五).doc

公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（五）Unit 16 Places and locationsDialogues /monologues:1、 About a block down from here.2、 I went to the conference to register and to set up my exhibition stand.3、 I set out our brochures ready for the official opening.4、 Coal could be moved from Welsh mining villages right into the heart of London.5、 Britains rail network is still second to none.6、 That doesnt necessarily follow.7、 There will be taxies to cross down, but it will naturally be more economical to use bicycles and buses or to work.Passage:Washington, D.C. serves as the seat of government for the United States of American. Over the 200 years, Washington, D.C. has grown with the nation, and it now represents the very best of America. From its majestic monuments to its incomparable museums, from the Mall to the steps of the Capital, Washington offers visitors one-of-a-kind attractions.The majestic capital building stands at the center of the city, allowing unobstructed views of the citys most famous attractions. The immense open space of the Mall is marked off by the various museums of the Smithsonian Institution, the largest cluster of museums in the world. The national Air and Space Museum celebrates the nations achievements in flight and space exploration, from the Wright brothers first biplane to the Apollo moon mission and beyond. Visitors also line up for the Natural History Museum to learn about the sciences and to view the famous Hope Diamond. The Smithsonian Institution also includes the world-famous galleries. Art lovers should also appreciate the nearby National Portrait Gallery and National Museum of American Art.Looking past the Mall, the Washington Monument stands 505 feet above the city. It was the tallest man-made structure in America from its completion until the early 1900s. Behind this monument are the reflecting pool and the trio of memorials dedicated to remembering President Lincoln and the wounded and killed of the Vietnam and Korean conflicts. New to the area of the tidal basin, and facing the Jefferson Memorial, a memorial to Franklin Roosevelt lies on the Potomac River which hosts millions of visitors each year.The offices of the various government agencies take up most of the space of the city, and most offer free tours to the public. The White House also offers free tours to the public. Just outside of the city, the national zoo houses thousands of animals on 163 acres of park. Among its residents are two giant pandas given to the United States as gifts from the Peoples Republic of China. Across the river in Arlington, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier stands amidst the dim, grave and majestic Arlington National Cemetery.Washington has many other distractions from politics. Washingtons theatre life is thriving; it is second only to New York in number of theatre seats. The National Symphony and other musical companies play four schedules. As a temporary home to diplomats from around the world, Washingtons restaurant offerings are the finest and most diverse around.The beauty and grandeur of the nations capital continue to captivate millions of American and foreign tourists who visit Washington, D.C. each year.参考译文:华盛顿特区(又称华盛顿哥伦比亚特区)是美利坚合众国政府所在地。在过去的200多年中，华盛顿特区与美国一起成长，现在它是美国国家的象征。从宏伟的纪念牌到无与伦比的博物馆，从首都广场到国会大厦的台阶，它以自己的特征吸引着游客。宏伟的国会大厦耸立于市中心，人们能在此饱览华盛顿特区著名的风景。首都广场的硕大空间被世界上最大的博物馆群史密森博物馆院的各种博物馆划分开来。国家航空航天博物馆展示了美国在飞行和宇宙探索方面取得的成就，从莱特兄弟的第一架双翼飞机到阿波罗号登月任务以及其他。游客们还排长队参观自然历史博物馆，了解科学知识，欣赏著名的“希望之星”。史密森博物院还包括世界著名的艺术馆。艺术爱好者们肯定会钟情不远处的国立肖像馆和国立美国艺术博物馆。首都广场过去，就是高505英尺的纪念碑。在二十世纪初以前，它曾是美国最高的人造建筑。纪念碑之后是映像池，和林肯纪念堂及为在越南及朝鲜战争中受伤和阵亡的将士建造的纪念碑。位于潮汐湖畔、与杰弗逊纪念堂正对的是新建的弗兰克林.罗斯福纪念堂，它座落在波托马克岸边，每年吸引数百万游客。各种政府机关的办公用地占了城市大部分空间，多数政府机关都向公众提供免费参观时段，包括白宫在内。城外不远处的占地163英亩的国家动物园里容纳了数千种动物。其中有两只是中华人民共和国作为礼物赠送给美国的大熊猫。海对岸的阿灵顿，无名烈士墓坐落在昏暗、庄严肃穆的阿灵顿国家公墓里。华盛顿特区除了政界机构以外还有许多其他娱乐场所。华盛顿的戏剧非常繁荣，剧院可容纳座位数仅次于纽约。国家交响乐团和其它音乐团体全天候都有演出。作为来自世界各地的外交官们的临时家园，华盛顿所提供的饭店档次最高，而且种类繁多。作为国家首都的华盛顿，其优美景色和宏大建筑将继续吸引每年数百万美国和外国游客到此参观浏览。Unit 17 Travel and TourismDialogues /monologues:1、 The acceptable standard is 15% of the tall bill.2、 You can stock up on something to have for laterfor example, cheese and caviar in Mexico City.3、 Meditation room4、 When you walk in, relaxing music comes and pictures of clouds are projected on the wall.5、 Christen cruises are popular with those who are not interested in the drinking, gambling, and Las Vegas style shows that are a part of most cruising vacations.6、 Enjoying retracing the journeys of the apostle Paul in Turkey and Greece on a luxurious tall sailing ship.Passage:To attract tourism to ones country was once thought of as an unqualified success; there seemed to be no negative aspects to it. However, today we are coming to realize that tourism is a mixed blessing: it has advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it can bring money to parts of the world that very much need it. People can earn a great deal through tourism. And this income can help to preserve the environment. Anything that helps to protect the ecosystem, the interrelated community of plants and animals that makes up the earth, is, of course, positive.A recent worry, however, is the fact that tourism can cause serious damage to the fragile environments they love to visit. Ecosystems are delicate and easily damaged. Around the world, areas are endangered by the large numbers of tourism who visit them. On every continent, tourism threatens the environment. Even trekkers who take difficult journeys on foot can cause damage.There are, then, serious dangers that come with the promise of tourism. Every advantages bring with it real disadvantages. This dilemma makes planning difficult for nations trying to decide what to do. Countries can make a good deal more money from the tourist industry than they need to put into attracting tourists. This financial profit can help nations protect habitats where endangered animals and plants live. It also may be that tourism can help strengthen local culture by encouraging awareness of traditions and ceremonies. Historic buildings thrive on tourism. These cultural locations enjoy great success with the money and respect brought by tourism.But there is a down side to all this. Because cultural sites are becoming too crowded, Disneyland-like reproductions are being created. These are not authentic cultural sites but copies of something that may or may not have ever really existed. Some people say, “whats the value of tradition if its kept alive for profit, and bears little relation to real life?”Taken together, the negative effects of tourism grow larger over time. The cumulative effects of tourism are great because every time we use cars or planes to travel we contribute to one of the greatest disruptions in the history of the planet: global warming and climate change are interrupting what has been the normal climate pattern for centuries.New approaches to the problem are also being developed. One initiative has been the development of tourist opportunities in which the tourists both give and receive through working vacations. This kind of personal, small-scale tourism is meant to be a positive response with its large-scale organizing. Working tourism may not be for everyone, but the hope is that some kinds of travel can become more planet friendly.参考译文:吸引游客到某个国家旅游曾一度被认为是绝对成功的，因为这种做法似乎没有什么负面效应。然而，今天我们开始意识到旅游业是福也是祸;它既能给我们带来有利的一面，也会给我们带来不利之处。一方面，它可以为急需资金的国家带来财富。人们可以从旅游业赚到很多钱，这些收入足够用来保护环境。当然，任何有助于保护生态系统这个构成我们赖以生存的世界、由动物和植物组成的生物群落，都是值得肯定的。然而，最近令人们担心的一个事实是：游客会对自己钟爱的脆弱环境千万严重破坏。生态系统非常脆弱，容易遭到破坏。全世界范围内游客云集的地区都面临着危险。无论在哪个洲，游客们都危胁着那里的环境。就连喜欢艰苦跋涉的步行爱好者们也会对环境赞成危害。那就是说旅游业给人们带来希望的同时，也给人类带来了危险。每个优点都伴随着缺点。这种两难境地使得那些国家在做规划时难以抉择。这些国家从旅游业挣到的钱远比他们为吸引游客而投入的奖金多得多。这部分财政收入可以帮助这些国家保护濒危动物和植物的栖息地。通过鼓励人们保持传统和风俗的意识，旅游业还可以起到促进当地文化的作用。历史景点需要旅游业的支持才能得以繁荣。旅游业带来的奖金和人们对历史的尊重会使这些文化景点越来越兴旺。但是，除此以外，旅游业也有负面影响。因为文化景点变得越来越拥挤，类似迪尼斯乐园的娱乐场所越来越多。而这些并不是真正的文化景点，只是可能存在或是可能不存在的某种东西的翻版而已。有些人会问：“如果传统的存在只是为了盈利，而与真实生活无关，那么传统的价值又何在呢?”归结起来，旅游业带来的负面效应随着时间的推移会越来越大。旅游业的累积效应是巨大的，因为每次我们驾车或乘飞机出游，都会对我们所生活的星球造成破坏：全球气温升高和气候变化会打乱几世纪以来一直正常的气候模式。解决问题的新办法也正在陆续出台。其中一个首创就是在旅游者工作休假期间给其提供度假机会。这种个人的、小规模旅游被认为是那种典型的、已经产业化的大规模旅游业的积极反应。工作旅游并非对所有人适用，但是给人希望的是：有些旅游形式能够更有益我们生活在这个星球。Unit 18 Sightseeing and Travel PlansDialogues /monologues:1、 Right after lunch, the tour makes a stop at St. Pauls. Then the rest of the afternoon is spent at the museum.“right”在这里表示“正好”的意思。makes a stop：停留、休息.。be at：从事于，做。2、 A：Anyway, is there still room? B：Yes, there is. Will this be for yourself only?“Will this be for yourself only?”的肯定形式是：This will be for yourself only，如果是一般现在时，就是：This is for you。Will this be for yourself only? “这是给你一个人的吗?”，就是这么简单的意思。3、 When I started this company 20 years ago, we were commended, as a new kind of travel company, for putting travelers with flexible schedules in touch with fantastic bargains.“in touch with”：同有联系。全句的意思：当我在20年前着手这家公司的时候，大伙受到了称赞。作为一个新型的旅游公司，用灵活的时间安排赋予旅客们极大的实惠。4、 Youll also be able to get fast, free quotes online, including the very up-to-date specials, discounts and promotions.你也可以得到快速，免费的网上报价，包括最新的特价、打折与促销。5、 Building a tradition of the extended family all going away together is a great way to build long-lasting family bonds.这句话用在写作里可是相当实用哦。我将它翻译成：让大家庭的所有成员一起外出旅行成为一种惯例，是维系一个家族长期亲密和谐的有效方式。Passage:Anyone lucky enough to be going to Honolulu doesnt have to give a reason for going. They can just say, “Were going to Honolulu,” and imagination will take care of the rest. Moreover, Honolulu can probably live up to and even surpass whatever we imagine. World-famous beaches and tropical weather set the scene for an amazing mix of pacific cultures in this Hawaiian capital. There is a reason why Hawaii is consistently rated as one of the nations top travel destinations; in fact, there are several of them.Waikiki Beach is the center of activity for Hawaiis biggest industry: tourism. This is one of the worlds greatest resort playgrounds, featuring some of the most beautiful beaches and hotels in the world. Visitors from all over the world flock here to enjoy the sun, the sand and the incredible nightlife.Besides the beaches, visitors to Honolulu can take tours of the countryside surrounding the downtown area. These tours are amazing, bringing visitors to some of the most beautiful rainforests and volcanoes in the world. Animal and plant life are abundant, and the scenery is unsurpassed. A five-minute car ride from Honolulu brings visitors into some of Natures most beautiful and awe-inspiring sights. Several museums, including the Bishop Museum, combine exhibits on Hawaiian natural history with lessons about history and culture of its many diverse peoples. The Waikiki Aquarium is the third oldest public aquarium in the United States, and it features many of Hawaiis most interesting sea animals.The history of Hawaii is very rich, as the islands have always attracted many different people. Visitors can tour the Tolani Palace, the residence of the last of the Hawaiian monarchs. They can also visit Honolulus Chinatown, which is more authentic than many of its mainland counterparts. They can also visit the Arizona Memorial, commemorating the destruction of the battleship Arizona during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor that brought America into World War II.Honolulu exhibits the best of Hawaii in a thorough way. From its famous beaches to its incredible natural preserves, this town has attracted millions of people from around the world. Many of those visitors stayed, helping to make Hawaii one of the most diverse places to visit in the Unite States. Anyone lucky enough to be going to Hawaii knows that he wont be disappointed.参考译文:所有有幸去檀香山的人都无需给自己找什么理由，而只需说：“我们要去檀香山了。”其余的就全交给想象力吧。而且，对于檀香山而言，无论我们的想象力有多丰富，都只会有过之而无不及。世界闻名的沙滩和热带天气，使这个夏威夷首府令人惊异地融合了大西洋的变化。夏威夷一向居于全国旅游景点前列，是有原因的。事实上，原因远不止一个。怀基基海夏威夷的最大产业旅游业的娱乐活动中心，也是世界上最大的游乐景点之一，主要以世界上最漂亮的海滩和旅店为特色。世界各地的游客云集此地，心情地享受阳光、沙滩、以及令人难以置信的夜生活。除了海滩以外，游客们还可以到市中心周围的乡村浏览观光。这些令人惊异的旅行，会将游客带入世界上最漂亮的热带雨林，欣赏最壮观的火山美景。这里的动物和植物种类繁多，景色美不胜收。从檀香山出发，仅五分钟的车程游客就会进入自然界最美、最令人惊叹的天然美景中。有些博物馆，包括主教博物馆在内，将夏威夷自然历史展览和有关当地多种不同民族的历史和文化讲座结合起来。怀基基水族馆是美国第三古老的水族馆，以许多夏威夷有趣的海洋动物为特色。夏威夷岛有着丰富的历史，因此这个岛屿总是吸引着各种各样的游客。游客们可以参观夏威夷最后一个君王的住所托拉尼宫殿。还可以参观檀香山的唐人街，这里的唐人街要比美国本土上的许多唐人街正宗得多。游客们还可以参观亚利桑那纪念馆，纪念日本袭击珍珠港致使美国卷入第二次世界大战时而摧毁的亚利桑那战舰。檀香山全方位展现了夏威夷之最，从闻名于世的海滩，到令人难以置信的自然保护区，这个城市吸引了来自世界各地的数百万游客。许多游客留了下来，使得夏威夷成为美国最杂居的地区之一。任何一位有幸到夏威夷一游的人都知道：这里绝对不会令你失望。Unit 19 Visiting a Doctor and Health InsuranceDialogues /monologues:1、I seem to be suffering from all the illnesses imaginable.这里的“suffer from”是个固定搭配：(遭受、忍受的意思。)2、To crown it all, I had an accident the other day.To crown it all：(更糟糕的是)the other day：前几天。3、I get short of breath.short of breath：呼吸短促。4、For the sake of your health, keep off alcohol. If possible, give up smoking.谈谈 “for the sake of” 与“in order to”的区别：for the sake of 由于. 或者是看在.的份上for the sake of God 看在上帝的份上in order to 为了.Many students listen to the teacher carefully in order to receive a good mark.学生上课认真听讲是为了得到好成绩for the sake of + 名词in order to + 动词虽然二者都是表示为了这个意思可以这么看,前者 是 为了某个东西,所以+ 名词后者是为了做某事,所以+ 动词5、Likewise, many changes are taking place in hospitals, where the costs of medical equipment and care is skyrocketing.同样，医院里正发生着很多的改变，医疗设备与医疗保健的费用突升猛涨。6、Because of the high costs, patients now spend a limited number of days in the hospital, depending on their illness.因为高价的花费，现在,病人们根据自身的病情,尽量花更少的时间呆在医院里。7、It has worried me a good deal for the last week, and so now I am going to put it on my dressing-table and watch it ache.上周牙疼一直困扰着我，所以现在我要把它摆放在我的梳妆台，看它还怎么疼!Passage:For all it flaws, medical care in the United States has been reformed gigantically over the past several decades. Deaths from heart disease have fallen by 40 percent since 1970. thanks to better detection and treatment, cancer advances have helped to raise U.S. life expectancy from an average of 68 years in 1950 to 77 years today.Not only have American lives grown longer, but their quality has improved. The proportion of people over 65 with one or more chronic disabilitiessuch as the inability to walk, or to get dressed, without aiddeclined from greater than 25 percent in 1982 to less than 20 percent in 1999. and the development of vision-correction surgery, among many other drugs and procedures, has allowed many Americans to prolong pleasures historically with youth.Of course, not all the recent improvements in American health and longevity can be directly attributed to our health-care system; some are as much the result of adopting healthier habits( exercise, better diet) or of dropping unhealthy ones (smoking, too much alcohol-drinking). Still, better medical care is the principal cause of improvements in American health and life span over the past 50 years.But the problem is that since 1960 health-care spending has grown significantly faster than the economy, meaning that were spending an ever larger portion of our incomes on medical core. In 1960 health care constituted 5.1 percent of the U.S. economy; in 1980 it constituted 8.8 percent; today it constitutes 13.3 percent. Meanwhile, private health-insurance premiumswhich rose by 14 percent last year alone are becoming unaffordable for ever Americans. The number of things we can do to pay for them. 41 millions of our citizens are now uninsured. So the key question is not whether health care should be rationed in the United States; it already is. Rather the question is how health care should be rationed. How should the potential benefits of reduced pain, improved quality of life, or extended life be weighted against the high costs of the medications or procedures involved? And who should weigh them? These are hard questions with high moral stakes. But we do hope that the health-care system will cover more people.参考译文:因为存在缺陷，所以美国的医疗保健在过去几十年里进行了重大改革。心脏疾病导致的死亡自1970年以来下降了40%。由于较先进的监测和治疗，癌症死亡率自1990年以来一直处于下降趋势。总的来看，医疗进步使美国人均寿命从1950的68岁提高到现在的77岁。美国人不仅提高了寿命，而且还提高了生活质量。65岁以上患有至少一种长期残疾如在无人帮助下不能独立行走，或不能自己穿衣的比例从1982年的20%以上下降到1990年的20%以下。视力矫正手术的发展，以及其他药品和治疗程序的发展，使得许多美国人历史性地延长了与年轻有关的生活乐趣。当然，并不是美国人健康和长寿方面取得的所有进步都直接归功于我们的医疗保健系统。有些是养成健康习惯(锻炼身体、合理饮食)或戒除不健康习惯(吸烟、过量饮酒)的直接结果。然而，良好的医疗保健依旧是过去50多年来产美国人健康改善和生命延长的主要因素。但问题是，自1960年以来，医疗保健费用的增长速度远远超过了经济增长速度，这意味着我们的收入中用于医疗保健上的比例越来越大。1960年医疗保健费用占美国经济的5.1%;到1980年的时候，就升高到了8.8%;而现在已达到13.3%了。与此同时，私人健康保险费用仅去年一年就上升了14%让越来越多的美国人感到难以承受。我们为健康而采取措施的数量已经超过了美国人的承受能力。目前有4100万人口还没有上医疗保险。因此，关键问题不是在于美国医疗保健是否应该定量配给，因为我们已经实现了这个目标，而是在于医疗保健怎样定量配给。美国人民在痛苦减少、生活质量改善或寿命延长等方面所获得的潜在益处，怎样才能抵消伴随而来的药品或就医高消费呢?谁来负责平衡呢?没有很高的道德责任，这些问题是难以解决的。但是，我们还是希望医疗保健系统能够涵盖更多的人。Unit 20 Bodybuilding and Environment SanitationDialogues /monologues:1、 Do they need long workouts to get the benefit, or will short, intense ones do the trick?do the trick：获得成功。他们需要长期的体能训练获得益处,还是短暂、剧烈的训练取得成功?2、 Bone mass and bone loss.Bone mass：骨骼块数bone loss：骨质疏松3、 Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure or repeated exposures.通过单一或多次的暴露之后，即刻效应便体现出来了。4、 Experts found that inhabitants in the three regions have more in common than calories.专家发现这三个地区的居民在其他方面的共同点超过了他们在卡路里方面的共同点。5、 Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would keep away from food, love, or exercise. While there is no question that prolonged stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which youre able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.rise to the occasion：应付自如。跟人不能避开食物，爱或锻炼一样，人也不应该躲避压力，毫无争议长时间的压力是有害的，但也有不少研究显示，你可以应对的挑战性局面对你是有好处的。Passage:Being young has universal appeal and today people are searching for the qualities that youth comprises good health, mental alertness, physical attractiveness, and vigorin a word, fitness. Fitness is the magical term that has pervaded our daily lives. Via the m