培训班课件玻璃本基知识及产业链介绍.pptx

玻璃基本知识及产业链介绍 1 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 汇报目录 一、原料及燃料； 二、工艺及用途； 三、产业链介绍。 2 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 第一部分：基本概述及原燃料 1 基本概述 1.1 概念 1.2 历史 1.3 分类 2 原燃料 2.1 主要原料 2.2 辅助原料 2.3 各种燃料 3 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1 基本概述 1.1概念： 玻璃，英文名称Glass，在中国古代亦称 琉璃，日语汉字以硝子代表。它是一种较为 透明的固体物质，在熔融时形成连续网络结 构，冷却过程中粘度逐渐增大并硬化而不结 晶的硅酸盐类非金属材料。主要成份是二氧 化硅。 4 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1.2 历史 古代玻璃以装饰为主 5 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 十四世纪欧洲的玻璃制造中心是威尼斯 6 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 近代玻璃工业的发展史： 1590年 荷 兰 显微镜 1827年 英 国 眼镜玻璃 1875年 法 国 钢化玻璃 1903年 美 国 圆筒法制造窗平板玻璃 1916年 比利时 弗克法（引上）生产窗平板玻璃 1918年 德 国 压延法生产窗平板玻璃 1925年 美 国 匹兹堡（无槽引上）法生产窗平板玻璃 1959年 英 国 皮尔金顿浮法成型工艺 1971年 中 国 洛阳浮法工艺 1974年 美 国 宽流槽浮法成型工艺 7 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1.3 玻璃的分类 按照化学成分，分为：钠玻璃 、钾玻璃、铝镁玻璃、铅玻璃 、硼硅玻璃、石英玻璃 按照产品厚度，可以分为：2- 15mm玻璃。 2mm以下 电器、电子 2-4mm 汽车、家电 4-6mm 建筑 8-12mm 装饰、装修 12mm以上 幕墙 8 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 按照生产工艺分类： 9 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 小贴士：玻璃的计量单位 重箱：以2mm的玻璃10平米为1重箱，重量为50千克。便 于计算不同厚度玻璃之间的总量。1吨玻璃折合20重箱。 10 厚度每重箱折合平米数厚度每重箱折合平米数 2mm10.008mm2.50 3mm6.6710mm2.00 4mm5.0012mm1.67 5mm4.003.2mm6.25 6mm3.333.5mm5.71 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2 生产工艺 2.1 原燃材料 11 主要原料辅助原料 玻璃产品 石英砂 纯碱 石灰石 碎玻璃 脱色剂 着色剂 澄清剂 乳浊剂 燃料 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 主要原料 12 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 石英砂 1、石英砂是一种非金属矿物质，其主要矿物成分是SiO2。 2、工业上将石英砂常分为：普通石英砂、精制石英砂、高 纯石英砂、熔融石英砂及硅微粉等。 13 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 纯碱 1、纯碱，学名碳酸钠，熔点为851C，易溶于水，具有盐 的通性。 2、无结晶水的碳酸钠的工业名称为轻质碱，有一个结晶水 碳酸钠的工业名称为重质碱。 3、生产工艺分为：天然碱，氨碱法和联合制碱法。 14 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 辅助原料 15 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 燃料 1、以往最主要的燃料为重油；重油又称燃料油，是原油 提取汽油、柴油后的剩余重质油，其特点是分子量大、粘度 高。 2、重油价格和国际原油油价成正相关，最高时达到5200 元/吨。玻璃制造的燃料成本也由制造成本的30%上升至 50%。 3、燃料结构在发生变化。 16 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 考虑因素：成本、产品质量、燃料产地、环保政策 17 编号燃料热值优点缺点 1煤焦油8000大卡生产稳定成本高 2天然气8500大卡清洁能源成本高 3石油焦8300大卡成本低污染 4煤制气6300大卡生产稳定污染 5焦炉煤气4100大卡成本低污染 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 小结： 截至2011年年底，我国共计拥有浮法玻璃生产线265 条，其中正常运行的211条；停产的25条，冷修的29条。在 正常运行的生产线中，使用重油作为燃料的有31条，用煤焦 油的有35条，用天然气的有49条，用焦炉煤气的有12条， 用发生炉煤气的有55条，用石油焦的有29条。很多生产线都 采用多种燃料混合燃烧的办法降低成本。 18 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 第二部分：生产工艺及用途 1、生产工艺 1.1原料预加工 1.2配合料制备 1.3熔制 1.4成型 1.5热处理 2、玻璃用途 2.1建筑用玻璃 2.2汽车玻璃 2.3光伏玻璃 2.4LOW-E玻璃 19 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 玻璃生产工艺 1、原料预加工。将块状原料（石英砂、纯碱、石灰石、长石等）粉碎， 使潮湿原料干燥，将含铁原料进行除铁处理，以保证玻璃质量。 2、配合料制备。根据产品的不同，配合料的组成略有区别。例如普通浮 法玻璃的配合料（按照1重量箱即50公斤计算），需要消耗石英砂33.55 公斤、石灰石2.96公斤、白云石8.57公斤、纯碱11.39公斤、芒硝0.55公 斤、长石3.45公斤、碳粉0.03公斤。 3、熔制。玻璃配合料在池窑或坩埚窑内进行高温（1550-1600度）加 热，使之形成均匀、无气泡并符合成型要求的液态玻璃。 4、成型。将液态玻璃加工成所要求形状的制品，如平板玻璃、各种器皿 等。 5、热处理。通过退火、淬火等工艺，消除或产生玻璃内部的应力、分相 或晶化，以及改变玻璃的结构状态。 20 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 浮法玻璃的工艺流程 21 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 浮法玻璃生产线厂区外貌 22 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 浮法玻璃生产流程图 23 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 投料 24 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 熔化 25 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 浮法玻璃成型工艺 26 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 退火 27 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 玻璃被牵引出退火窑 28 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 冷端 29 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 装箱 30 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 成品 31 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 包装 32 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 仓储 33 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 运输 34 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2 玻璃的用途 35 2.1 建筑用玻璃 随着人们对建筑要求的提高，公共 建筑及民用建筑的玻璃使用量日益增多 。从一次性使用的玻璃幕墙、门窗、阳 台，到二次性使用的浴室、橱柜、灯具 等装修，大大的增加了玻璃使用量和使 用品种。更重要的是，国家节能环保政 策的出台，对玻璃产品的品种和质量也 提出了新的要求。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.2 汽车玻璃 36 2010年受到国内汽车增长以 及出口增加的影响，汽车玻璃产量 较为迅速，约为8500万平方米， 同比增长16.92%。特别是福耀玻 璃和信义玻璃的增长势头迅猛。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.3 光伏玻璃 2011年我国太阳能玻璃生产 线达到50条，年有效产能约 15000万平方米。国家能源局能 源节约与科技装备司研究表明中 国“十一五”期间单位GDP 能耗的 约束性目标为下降20%，根据规 划，“十二五” 期间单位GDP 能耗 将下降17.3%，“十三五”期间将下 降16.6%。这给今后光伏玻璃大 规模使用奠定了坚实的基础。 37 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.4 LOW-E玻璃 LOW-E玻璃又称低辐射镀膜 玻璃，就世界范围而言，LOW-E 玻璃的生产和应用正处于高速增 长时期。 据市场分析预测，到2015年 ，LOW-E玻璃国际市场需求量将 突破10亿平方米，今后十年，全 世界LOW-E玻璃市场需求量将以 平均每年18%以上的速度增长。 38 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 第三部分：玻璃产业链情况介绍 经过多年的发展，玻璃产业链发展日趋完善， 从原材料的采掘、玻璃产品的生产，到玻璃制品的 加工已经形成了成熟的加工和运作体系。 39 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 玻璃产业链示意图 40 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3.1 玻璃的上游行业 3.1.1 纯碱 2011年1-12月，全国纯碱的产量达2303万吨，同比增 长13.40 %。 从各省市的产量来看，2011年1-12月，山东省纯碱的产 量达439.9万吨，同比下降0.04 %，占全国总产量的19.10 %。紧随其后的是江苏、河南和河北，分别占总产量的 13.85%、12.19%和11.03 %。 纯碱生产企业主要有：山东海化、天津碱厂、青岛碱厂 、大连碱业、唐山碱厂、金晶科技、青海碱业、中盐吉兰泰 等等。 41 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 42 我国纯碱行业近年来产能、产量统计表 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 43 2007年以来纯碱价格变化情况 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3.1.2 石英砂 中国主要有约150处大、中型玻璃硅质原料矿产地。石英 岩矿多分布于青海及辽宁、陕西等地；石英砂岩矿多分布于 四川、湖南、江苏、浙江及山东等地；石英砂矿主要分布于 福建、广东、广西的南部、海南西北部及山东北部这些沿海 地带，还有西辽河东部、黄河中游及鄱阳湖、骆马湖畔；脉 石英矿则散布于四川、黑龙江、湖北等地的变质岩区。 44 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3.1.3 燃料 2007年以来重油价格走势图 45 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 46 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3.2 玻璃行业 全国浮法玻璃生产线变化情况 时间华东华南华北东北西南西北合计 2006 541.73 441.32 310.9 140.38 100.2970.2 1604.82 2007 561.81 511.62 401.18 140.38 100.2970.2 1785.48 2008 612.03 531.71 451.34 140.38 110.3580.22 1926.03 2009 692.34 541.76 551.7 140.38 150.5180.22 2156.91 2010 792.73 561.88 682.22 150.42 150.5180.22 2417.97 2011 852.95 622.29 772.65 150.42 170.5990.27 2659.14 47 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 48 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 49 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 50 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 全国光伏玻璃生产线统计表 51 编号单位名称产能（万） 编号单位名称产能（万） 1信义玻璃 450013南京圣韩500 2福莱特 300014常熟耀皮500 3深南玻 210015安徽安泰500 4中航三鑫 180016常熟耀皮300 5安彩高科 150017天津中环500 6浙江和合 120018唐山金信500 7台玻集团 100019拓日新能500 8彩虹集团 50020阜新富睿400 9河南思可达 90021四川环球400 10中国玻璃 60022青岛金晶300 11河南裕华 60023河南天丰240 12天津洪彬 40024邵阳烘彬240 合计50条生产线，产能22980万平米，有效产能15000万平米22980 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. LOW-E玻璃产能统计 52 序号单位年产能编号单位年产能 1 南玻 140010 淄博金晶200 2 信义 120011 深圳三鑫300 3 南京圣戈班 80012 淄博胜达100 4 明达 80013 格兰特100 5 常熟耀皮 60014 福耀玻璃100 6 台玻 60015 黄骅荣达60 7 唐山荣来诚 30016 洛玻集团50 8 浙玻 20017 山东锦华50 9 安源 20018 合计7060 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3.3 下游产业 2011 年平板玻璃下游行业占比测算 53 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3.3.1 房地产市场发展推进的“双轨制” 1、从前单向“鼓励”更多地倾向于改善民生； 2、保障房发展缓慢的原因：一是规模不到位，2010-2011 年累计新开工的1600 万套保障房竣工率不到20%；二是资 金不到位，2011 年新开工的1000 万套保障房中有很多只停 留在打桩阶段；三是质量和分配的公平性不到位。 54 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.