全国国际商务英语考试（二级）.ppt

*1 全国国际商务英语考试（二级） Listening to and Writing in Business English /sundae_meng *2 nTest-takers need to know how to conduct their business in English nThey are most likely to be doing this with other non-native speakers of English because of: Increased diversity in the workplace Explosion of multi-nationals Increase in use of multi-skilled teams Ever-evolving degrees of responsibility Overview: The need for skills training /sundae_me ng *3 nSoft skills are often the “deal breaker” in business: udelegating ulistening upresenting (of self interviews or of business) unegotiating uproblem-solving ucontributing effectively to meetings/seminars/debates usocial interaction networking nSoft skills framework allows emphasis on interpersonal forces of language-use in a work context Soft skills in business English /sundae_me ng *4 Part I: Listening to business English nProblems in common nAnything special in BE listening? nWhat to be assessed in BE listening? nTest structure nSample analysis /sundae_me ng *5 Problems in common nCommon: Good feel but failed uChallenging: content, speed, accent, information processing uWhat: General vs specific uHow: Working memory training; input frequency effect; multimodal trigger/prompt; note-taking skills /sundae_me ng *6 Anything special in BE listening? nDoing business in English uContextually-loaded uCulturally-loaded uContent-based uStrategy-based uInformation accuracy required /sundae_me ng *7 What to be assessed in BE listening? n能够听懂语速为150词/分钟左右、句子结构比 较复杂的商务材料 n能掌握其要点和相关细节，通过分析和推理领 会说话人的态度、感情和真实意图，能做简单 笔记。 n内容涉及招聘面试、组织会议、旅程安排、工 作计划、工作报告、产品广告、使用说明、业 务洽谈（如价格谈判、订购货物、货物运送、 支付方式等）、投诉处理、演讲等商务会话 /sundae_me ng *8 Structure nMatching nGap filling nMultiple Choice nTotal question items: 20 nTime limit: 35 min. /sundae_me ng *9 Sample analysis (I) /sundae_me ng *10 nText type: Monologue/One-part turn of conversation nTest format: Matching based on a chart or a table nWhat to be assessed: Information in general (e.g. what the speaker says; the intent of the speaker) nDifficulty: The monologue too short to be able to respond to /sundae_me ng *11 Sample analysis (II) /sundae_me ng *12 nText type: Dialogues/small talk nTest format: Gap filling based on a chart or a table nWhat to be assessed: Tracking specific (missing) information in business context nDifficulty: Note-taking skills required; answers indeterminate somehow and sometimes /sundae_me ng *13 Sample analysis (III) /sundae_me ng *14 nText type: Short conversations/passage nTest format: Usual multiple-choice questions nWhat to be assessed: general comprehension in business context nDifficulty: Linguistic competence; Listening while reading; No time allowed for note-taking /sundae_me ng *15 Part II: Writing in business English nProblems in common nAnything special in BE writing? nWhat to be assessed in BE writing? nScoring operationalized criteria nSample analysis /sundae_me ng *16 Problems in common nCommon: Good at linguistic forms but pragmatically failed uChallenging: Highly contextualized, unfamiliarity with topics uWhat: Prompted by variety of genres and multimodal discourse uHow: Established schemata for business writings; Memorize good patterns of sentences and prototypes of business writings /sundae_me ng *17 Anything special in BE writing? nPragmatically appropriate uContextually-loaded uCulturally-loaded uSituation-based nDifferent from ordinary writings uSpecial topics with multimodal triggers uSpecial wording and expressions uSpecial formats /sundae_me ng *18 What to be assessed in BE writing? n目标：能够完成商务信函、电子邮 件、经贸文章摘要、简单商务报告 、计划书、合同等写作任务 n要求：结构清楚、内容准确、重点 突出，逻辑性强。 n写作速度:300词/60分钟 /sundae_me ng *19 Scoring operationalized criteria nGeneral requirements u满分为20分。 u总体要求: 内容和形式 u具体要求：内容是否贴切、结构是否完整、格式是 否正确、书写是否规范、风格是否得体、词汇语法 使用是否准确。 u评分标准：分A、B、C、D四个等次，各等次区间为 5分，即：A（1620分）；B（1115分）；C（610 分）；D（15分）。 u白卷、作文与题目毫不相关或只言片语表达不清的 ，不给分。 u计分只按整分计算。 /sundae_me ng *20 /sundae_me ng *21 Key words n信息传递/写作目标的有效性 n内容的充实与逻辑性 n语言使用的得体性 n词汇语法的准确性（商务术语） n结构的完整性 n格式的规范性 /sundae_me ng *22 Sample analysis nLetter writing nReport writing nChart writing nSummary writing /sundae_me ng *23 Sample analysis Letter writing nSample writing (Sample 1.1) uSample for observation uSample analysis nGuided writing nPractice writing /sundae_me ng *24 Sample analysis Report writing nSample writing (Sample 1.2) uSample for observation uSample analysis nGuided writing nPractice writing /sundae_me ng *25 Sample analysis Chart writing nSample writing (Sample 1.3) uSample for observation uSample analysis nGuided writing uBar chart uLine chart uPie chart nPractice writing /sundae_me ng *26 Sample analysis Summary writing nSample writing (Sample 1.4) uSample for observation uSample analysis nGuided writing nPractice writing /sundae_me ng *27 More about summary writing nA summary is a shortened passage, which retains the essential information of the original. nIt is a fairly brief restatement - in your own words -of the contents of a passage. nNote: you simply report back what the writer has said, without making value judgments. /sundae_me ng *28 Characteristics of a good summary nCan be understood without reference to the original; nIs a faithful reproduction of, or contains only the ideas or information of, the original; nIs brief without any unnecessary detail; nIs a readable unified whole /sundae_me ng *29 Techniques in summary writing nParaphrasing uTo paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other peoples ideas in ones own words. uYouve cooked us all a hot potato. (a troublesome person or issue) uPrevention is better than cure. (It is better to prevent something unpleasant from happening than try to put it right afterwards.) /sundae_me ng *30 The importance of paraphrasing nIt helps us understand the original better. nIt helps us grasp the central idea and the main points. nIt helps us write summaries that are brief and to the point, and in our own words. /sundae_me ng *31 Steps of paraphrasing nRead the original carefully and comprehend its meaning wholly and correctly. nConsider the original article as a whole, not in isolated sentences. nGrasping the central ideas. /sundae_me ng *32 nWays of condensation uUse synonyms or synonymous phrases: He had a good command of English. (He knew English well.) uChange the complexities into simple sentences: My brother has an appreciation of modern art. (My brother appreciates modern art.) /sundae_me ng *33 nTurn complex sentences into simple sentences: He received a welcome that was as cold as ice. (He received an icy welcome.) nCombine the sentences: Hurry up. If you dont, youll miss the train. (Hurry up or youll miss the train.) nFinding the topic sentence and making an outline: topic sentence / outline /sundae_me ng *34 How to write a summary? nNecessary elements for a good summary uProper citation: title, author, source; date of publication and the text (journal articles) nThesis statement uThe topic or general subject matter of the text; uthe authors major assertion, comment, or position on the topic /sundae_me ng *35 nSupporting ideas umajor supporting ideas; urelationships among these ideas; uno specifics; uthe authors purpose in writing; uno personal opinions, ideas, and inferences. nGrammar and the structure of writing uavoid direct quotation; uuse transitional words. nLength: 1/4 to 1/3 of the original /sundae_me ng *36 Steps in writing a summary nRead the article uTo understand the article and find the general theme. nReread the article uDivide into sections and label each section. uUnderstand the important parts. nWrite one-sentence summaries nSummarize each section of thought. /sundae_me ng *37 nFormulate the thesis statement uWeave the one-sentence section- summarie