人教版八年级上册语法总结.doc

八年级上册英语基础语法综合讲解八上语法复习Unit1-Unit3l 一般现在时：表示现阶段的动作或状态一般现在时表示现在的状态，如：He is 12. She is at home. 表示现阶段经常的或习惯性的动作，如：I go to school at 7:30 every day. 客观真理：The sun rises from the east.在一般现在时中，主语是第三人称且是单数时，动词用现三单形式：动词现三单变化规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般动词在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音或元音后读/z/，在t后读/ts/，在d后读/ds/。helplikeswimlistenknowplaygetfindhelps /helps/likes /laiks/swims /wimz/listens /lisnz/knows /nz/plays /pleiz/gets /gets/finds /faindz/以字母s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词加-es, 读/iz/。如果动词原形词尾已有e，则加s。以o结尾的动词也加-es，读/z/。teachgoteachesgoes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先边y为i，再加-es，读/z/。studystudies2.少数不规则的要记：do-does，be-is， have-hasl 一般过去时；英语动词过去式变化规则及不规则动词的过去式Past Events动词过去式规则动词原形过去式原形过去式呼叫callcalled行走walkwalked搬运carrycarried观看watchwatched跟随followfollowed相信believebelieved发生happenhappened邀请inviteinvited帮助helphelped喜欢likeliked看looklooked住livelived玩playplayed爱loveloved展示showshowed使用useused听起来soundsounded尝试努力trytried冲浪surfsurfed担心worryworried转动turnturned失败failfailed等待waitwaited拜访visitvisited1直接加d或者ede结尾的动词, 直接加d: smile-smiled; hope-hoped.2双辅音结尾的情况:直接加ed: helped; learned.3重读闭音节:一个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况:双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.stopped; planned; preferred(重读在fer前); admitted(重读在mit前); referred; deferred;4 y结尾的情况:辅音+y结尾动词,y变i加ed: worried;studied.不规则动词原形过去式原形过去式是amwas是iswas是arewere知道knowknew买buybought见到meetmet会能够cancould看见seesaw抓住catchcaught睡觉sleepslept做dodid拿着taketook挖digdug穿wearwore喝drinkdrank写writewrote吃eatate驾驶drivedrove寻找findfound骑riderode给givegave让letlet去gowent放putput有havehad读readreadl 不定代词和不定副词的用法：回顾： some和any（一些）1) some一般用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句我需要一些笔记本。我没有书。I dont have （）books.Do you have ()books? 你有一些书吗？2) 在表示请求、建议、征求意见等委婉语气的疑问句中，用some而不用any。 Can you bring some things to school? 你能带些东西到学校吗？Would you like () apples? 你想要一些苹果吗？somebodyanyoneeverythingnowhere（疑问副词）（1）左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词，some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词；新| 课 |标|第 |一| 网（2）一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句，以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句；以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义（no one为两个单词）；（3）不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面。He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。（肯定句用something，形容词important放后） Did you buy anything special? （一般疑问句用anything，形容词special放后）Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗？ (一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，形容词interesting放后)（4）不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。（5）someone somebody区别简单记就是：someone既可指人,又可指物,somebody只能指人。指人时，为有人、某人的意思，可通用。 此外，somebody还可以指有头有脸的人物，和nobody(无名小卒)相对，Someone或no one却没有此意思例如：He thinkshimself somebody(他以名人自居)。l 表示频率的副词的用法。1.主要频率副词等级排序：always(总是) usually (通常) often(经常) sometimes(有时) hardly ever(很少) never(从不)这些副词在句子中的位置，一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。提问 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词，用 How often I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视？)2.提问频率how often “多长时间一次”，用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是never， sometimes， quite often， usually， three times a year等表示频度的副词或短语。如：21教育网 How often do you go to the library?你多长时间去一次图书馆? Once a day.一天一次。 其它常见的how词组 how long“有多久” how soon“需要多长时间能怎样” how far“多远” how many“多少（一般用来提问数量）” how much“多少钱 18 八上语法复习Unit4-Unit8l 形容词副词比较级和最高级形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则：1一般情况加-er, -esttalltallertallest greatgreatergreatest2以不发音e结尾的单音节词加-r， -stlargelargerlargest nicenicernicest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中， 先双写末尾的辅音字母 再加-er, -estbigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i再加-er, -esteasyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest, lucky-luckier5以ow,er结尾的双音节词加-er, -estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest 6其他双音节词（副词）和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加mostbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuleasilymore easilymost easily常见不规则变化：原级比较级 最高级good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther距离, further程度farthest, further(提高进一步)oldolder时间, elder顺序oldest, eldest1.原级比较as + 原级形容词+as，表示前后两者一样Mary is as honest as her sister. 否定（注意肯定不能用so）not as/so +形容词+as 表前者不如后者Mary is not as/so honest as her sister.Mary is not so honest a girl as her sister.原本语序是 a honest girl, 只是so 修饰的是形容词，所以形容词提前在so后面2.比较级比较级+than+.The weather today is colder than yesterday.注意than连接的的两个比较对象要一致如Mary s hat is smaller than Tom 错误应为Mary s hat is smaller than Toms比较级别 +and+比较级：越来越（若比较级为more+形容词原级，则为：more and more形容词原级）The buildings are taller and taller. Our country is becoming stronger and strongerthe+比较级，the+比较级 越.（就）越the+比较级+of the two.,特指两者中更.的那个3.最高级The+形容词最高级+名词（+表范围的），表示三者或三者以上之间最.,因为是特指，所以通常有the4.the+形容词，表某一类人：the old 老人 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人l 一般将来时1. 表示将要发生的动作、将来会存在的情况或状态，可用多种形式来表示，常常伴有表示将来的时间状语，如in+一段时间：在之后2. 基本结构： shall/will+ do (will 用于各种人称，shall用于第一人称)将来势必会发生的事，或未经计划而临时做出的打算He will be 17 years old next year.主语+be going to + doa. 表现在的意图（经过考虑），既打算在最近或将来做某事b. 已有迹象表明即将发生某事，主语通常是物Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.l there be 句型表示（某地）有某人或某物1.结构 “There be + 名词+ （地点）这一句型。There 无词义，主语为there be 后面的名词。be 也可以是其他如lie, stand,live used to be, seem to be,情态动词+be 等，但基本不用have如： There stands a big tree in the garden.时态：there be 句型可以有多种时态变化注意：There be 句型中的主谓一致：Be动词的单复数形式取决于与be动词最靠近的名词，即“近主原则”There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 如果主语是复数名词，却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时，则仍用单数be形式，如： There is five hundred dollars to pay.需要付500美元。3、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。5. have，has表示：某人或某物“拥有”什么东西，强调“所属关系”，而且某人某物作为句子的主语。there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；有时可替换，如： 中国有许多长河。 There are many long rivers in China. China has many long rivers. 6.“There be结构”的一般现在时：There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时 一般过去时：There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某时 There was a school ten years ago.一般将来时：There will be+某物/某人+某地/某时.= There is going to be+某物/某人+某地/某时. There will be a sport meeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meeting next week.l 几组量词后面加名词的区别a few +可数名词复数：有一些、有几个few +可数名词复数：几乎没有（表示否定）a little +不可数名词：有一些little+不可数名词几乎没有（表示否定） many+可数名词复数：很多，许多 much+不可数名词：很多，许多few 的比较级是fewer ,little的比较级是less manymuch的比较级都是more There will be _polution in the future.在未来将会有更少的污染。We should plant more trees.我们应该种更多的树。There will be fewer cars in the future.在未来将会有更少的汽车。How many+可数名词复数：多少How much+不可数名词：多少some+可数名词复数/不可数名词肯定居中或者当说话者希望得到肯定回答、邀请或料想对方会给予肯定回答的。any+可数复数/不可数当some表示某一，后面可接单数名词 ;any意为任一，后面可接单数名词a lot of=lots of 都 +可数名词复数/不可数名词too many+可数名词too much+不可数名词 too many 和 too much都表示太多much too+形容词 太 表程度much作为副词可修饰形容词（比较级和原级都可以）a lot 表示程度 “非常,很” Thanks a lot 的八上语法复习Unit9-Unit10l 感叹句感叹句的形成，均由How或What引导。l ) What + (整体)名词（十主语谓语动词.）！由于此处Wlat为形容词，译成“多么的”，之后一定要加名词，以供修饰。例子：a. 单数名词： What a great man he is !（a great man整体名词）（他是个多伟大的人呀！)b. 复数名词What beautiful flowers they are!（beautiful girls整体名词,主语they,谓语 are）c.不可数名词What bad weather it is! （bad weather整体名词, 主语it,谓语 is）整体名词 2) How十形容词（adj）或副词（adv）十主语十谓语动词！How+adj+a(n)+单数名词(+主语+谓语动词)（由于此处How为副词，译成“多么地”，之后一定要加形容词或副词，以供修饰）例如：a.谓语动词是Be的： How beautiful she is! （beautiful形容词，主语she,谓语 is）b.谓语动词是do的：How fast he run! (fast副词，主语He,谓语 run)l if引导的条件状语从句结构：if一般现在时，主语将来时含义：如果，将要主语用将来时，If条件句中用一般现在时（表示将来）主将从现构成 条件从句 主句 时态 If一般现在时 主语shall/will+动词原形 例句 If he comes, he will take us to the zoo. 2. 注意： (1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导，意为“如果、假如”，主句不能用be going to表示将来，而应该用shall，will。 If you ask him, he is going to help you. (错误)If you ask him, he will help you. (正确) (2主将从现：if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。如： If it rains tomorrow, I shant climb the hills. If I go to college, I will never become a great soccer player.八年级上册英语基础语法综合练习题一、用括号里的词的适当形式填空。1. If you give me time, I _ (find) the solution.2. If you want to pass, you _ (have to) study hard.3. What _ (happen) if they dont agree with each other?4. Beckham is a famous football _(play). 5. My father made a living by _(sell)small toys when he was young.6. Did the children enjoy_(they)in the party last Sunday?7. The college graduate enjoyed _(teach)in the poor mountain area 8. He_(have)a great time if he _(come)to the party tomorrow.9. I think tomorrow is a good time_(have)the party, Everyone_(have) fun at that time.10. Half the class _(stay)at home on the weekend now. 11. I will also be able _ (work)outside sometimes. 12. What about _(listen)to the radio? 13. The_(three)shirt is the nicest of all. 14. This bag is much_(big)than that one.15. Most students spent more than one hour_ (write)the composition. 16. All of us were surprised_(see)how Americans abused the Iraqi prisoners. 17. I dont know if he _(come)tomorrow, but if he _(come)tomorrow, Ill let you.18._ (join)the Lions, and you_(become)a great soccer player.19. In the past, Peter _(spend )a lot of time every day_(play)football.20. If he_(stay)at home, hell be sorry.21. I am learning how_(swim). 22. Many ofmy friends are_(lawyer).23. _（watch）TV too much is bad for your eyes.24. Could you tell us the _（different）between these two styles of music? 25. Mike goes to see his grandparents _(one) a week. 26. He spends more than an hour _(exercise) every day. 27. He didnt go to school. He could _ _(hard) read or write. 28. Its a good habit to brush your (tooth) every day. 29.To keep healthy，I decide _ (exercise) half an hour every day. 30.Look! Your pet dog is (die). 31.Exercise is (health) for the mind and the body.32. Your sweater is beautiful. I want _(buy) one，too. 33. How about (go) shopping on Sundays?34. He usually study English by (read) it in the morning.35.We decided (go) to the beach near our hotel.36.I really enjoy (walk) around the town.37.We wanted (walk) up to the top.38.My family (go) to the beach every summer.39.Did you have a great time (talk) in groups?40. Lucy usually_ _to school early. But today she _to school late. (go)41.-Where did you_(study) last night?-No, I_(help)my mother_(clean) the room.42.Do you feel like (drink) some orange?43.Our teacher often keeps us (read) English in the morning.44. Its very interesting _ ( feed) the pets.45. He is _(bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 46. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 47. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 48. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book. 49. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon. 50. The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China. 51. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister. 50. My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s. 53. -How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ _ (difficult) than math? - I don t think so. 54.- Annie plays the piano very _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well). 55. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week. 56. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat). 57. I think it s too expensive. I d like a _ (cheap) one. 58. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 59.This book is not as _ (interesting) as that one. 60. Your classroom is _(wide)and _(bright) than ours. 61. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 62. The _ (much), the _ (good). 63. Nowadays(现在) English is _( important ) than any other subject, I think. 64. Most of the students think a lion is much _(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _ (dangerous) animal in the world. 65. Its to say than to do (easy) 66.Which do you like of all the coats? (well) 67. The apples in the other shop are and .(cheap; good) 68. Many of the stars are so away that we cant see them. (far) 69.The Yangtze River is very (long) .In fact, its river in China (long) 70.Did you decide _(visit) your grandparents? 71.There are many _ (different) between them. 72.I cant stand _ (hear) the bad news. 73.Lucy and Lily are the _ (win) of the talent show. 74.This shirt isnt as _(good) as that one. 75.He is the _ (bad) student in his class. 76.The news _ (be) so terrible that we all cant stand. 77.I really enjoyed _ (walk) around town. 78.It is good to relax by _(use) internet. 79.Did you have fun _ (play) at the party? 80.Marysbrotherisas_(health)ashersister.81.Mypenisnew, buthersis_(new)thanmine.82.Itsnecessaryforus_(learn)Englishwell.83.Thestorybookis_(interest)ofthethree.84.I cant stand (listen) to the noisy music.85.There (be) some exciting news in todays newspaper.86.Would you mind (open) the window?87.Did you watch (sport) show on TV yesterday?88.Where do you plan (go) this Sunday?89.Do you want (watch) the news?90.Sally thinks soap operas are (educational) than sitcoms.91.I hope (watch) the action movie one day.92.Yao Ming is a (success) player in NBA.93.I think Xi Yangyang is as (famous) as Mikey Mouse.94.He is (funny) than the other students in his class.95.Did you have fun (learn) something?96.Nelly practiced (dance) a lot more than Lisa.97.His mother often makes him (clean) his room on weekends. 98.Lisa practiced a lot more and wanted (win). 99.Its necessary for us (learn) English well. 100.He is (different) from his brother. They have some (different).二. 句型转换。1.If I go to the party, Ill bring them some flowers .(提问）_ _ _ bring _if you go to the party?2.Study hard, and youll pass the English exam.=_ _study hard, _pass the English exam3.Wear jeans, and we wont let you in.=_wearjeans, we wont let you in.5. I will study English hard. I will teach English in a school.(用if合并)_ 6.Maryiseighteenyearsold.(同义句) Maryis_girl.7.Wewalkedforanothertwohours.(同义句) Wewalkedfor_hours.8.I go to dance three times a week.(提问) _ do you go to dance? 9.Do you want to come? (同义句) _you _ to come? 10.Tom isnt as good as Tim at playing the drum.(同义句) Tom is _ at playing the drum _Tim. 11.She is taller than any other student in her class.(同义句) She is _ student in her class. 12.I think my mother is smarter than my father.(否定句) I _ my mother _ smarter than my father. 13.What do you think of the movie?(同义句) _ the movie? 14. He is going to go to a cooking school. (提问) is he going to ？15.My father wants to be a pilot. (一般疑问句) your father to be a pilot?16.Its a good time to make resolutions at the beginning of the year.(同义句)The of the year is a good time for resolutions.17.Will you make a model plane for her? (同义句) you to make a model plane for her?18.John wants to watch talk shows because theyre enjoyable.(对划线部分提问) John to watch talk show?19.Over 80 years ago,he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat While.(同义句) 80 years ago,he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat While.20.What do you think of talk show?(同义句) do you talk show?21.The other cartoons are not as famous as Mickey?(同义句) Mickey is the other cartoons. Mickey is of all the cartoons.22.I think he is good at playing soccer.(改为否定句)I he good at playing soccer.23.John enjoys swimming. Peter enjoys swimming, too.(合并) John Peter swimming.24. The English Study Center needs a weekend student helper for primary school student.(提问) the English Study Center for primary school student?25.Larry works harder than Huang Lei.(改为否定句) Larry harder than Huang Lei.三.根据汉语意思，完成下列句子1. 他如果看电视太久了，他的父母会不高兴。If he _TV too much, his parents _ _ unhappy.2. 如果他有空，他会帮助你的。If he _, he _you.3. 如果我们不去开会，会发生什么？ _ _ _ if we _ go to the meeting?4.谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is_,_or_？_is. I think. _. 5.他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He _ Jim. 6.多做运动，你会更强壮。_ more exercise，youll_ _ soon. 7.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I _ _ at Science. But I dont _ well