课件专题十三反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句以及其它特殊句式.doc

反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 以及其它特殊句式 知识要点 反意疑问句的主要考点 一、陈述句如果是 there be 句型，则附加疑问句要用 there 充当主语，而不用 it 或者 they 来与存在句中的主语保持一致： 1. There is a cup on the table, isnt there? 2. There were lots of people over there, werent there? 3. Theres nothing wrong, is there? 二、陈述句的主语如果是 everyone (everybody) ， someone (somebody) ， anyone (anybody) ， no one ， nobody ，则在附加疑问句中通常使用 they ，尤其是在口语中。但是，使用 he 也是正确的： 1. Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didnt they? 2. No one was injured in the car accident, were they? 3. Someone died here yesterday, didnt they? 但在正式语体中也可以见到用 he 的实例： Everyone knows his name, doesnt he? 三、陈述句的主语如果是 this ， that ， these ， those ，则附加疑问句中的主语要分别用 it 或 they ： 1. That is your hat, isnt it? 2. Those are ugly, arent they? 四、附加疑问句通常要重复复合句中主句的主语，但主句中如果含有 I think /suppose /expect /believe /imagine /fancy /suspect 这样的主谓结构，则附加疑问句应重复 that 从句中的主语： 1. I suppose you are not serious, are you? 2. I expect you will have a good time there, wont you? 3. I dont believe he has finished, has he? 五、否定转移句的附加疑问句，其主语应重复 that 从句的主语： 1. I dont think you can do these exercises alone, can you? 2. I dont imagine he cares, does he? 3. I dont think she knows French, does she? 六、在 Lets 与 Let us (me) 句后的附加疑问句的主语是不同的： 1. Lets go for a walk, shall we? 2. Let us go shopping, will you? 3. Now, let me have a look at that project, will you? 七、陈述句的主语如果是 one ，则附加疑问句的主语应当用 one （英国英语）或 he （美国英语）： One cant be too careful, can one?/ can he? 八、祈使句的主语为第三人称时，附加疑问句的主语既可用 you ，也可用 they ： Somebody open this door, will you?/ will they? 九、在含 used to 的陈述句之后，附加疑问句要使用助动词 did ，但亦可使用 use(d)nt ： 1. They used to write to you, didnt they? 2. There used to be a cinema here, use(d)nt there? 十、在含 I am 的陈述句之后，附加疑问句的助动词不使用 am not ，而使用 arent （英国英语）或 aint （美国英语）： 1. I am late, arent I? / aint I? 2. Im doing well, arent I?/ aint I? 十一、祈使句为肯定句时，附加疑问句可使用 will you/ wont you ， can you/ cant you 。在否定的祈使句之后，附加疑问句应使用 will you 或 can you ： 1. Dont make noise, will you?/ can you? 2. Dont tell Joe, will you? 十二、陈述句中含有助动词 ought to 时，附加疑问句既可使用 oughtnt ，也可使用 shouldnt ： 1. We ought to go now, shouldnt we? 2. We ought to buy a new car, oughtnt we? 十三、陈述句中含有助动词 must 时，附加疑问句使用什么样的助动词，依 must 的含义而定： a) must 作“必须”解时，附加疑问句可以重复 must 或改用 need ： 1. He must keep his word, mustnt he? 2. They must clean the floor after school, neednt they? b) 当 must not 作“禁止”解时，附加疑问句要用 may ： 1. I must not go any further, may I? 2. They mustnt take the book out of the reading-room, may they? c) must 作“一定”、“准是”解时，附加疑问句的助动词要与 must 后面的动词相照应： 1. They must be playing football, aren t they? 2. You must have misheard, havent you? 3. It must have rained last night, didnt it? 十四、当 I wish 表示征求对方意见时，附加疑问句可以用 may ： I wish to have a rest now, may I? 十五、 hardly ， scarcely ， seldom ， rarely ， little ， few 等叫做半否定副词。含有这些半否定词的句子无论在句意上，还是在句法上，都具有否定句的特点。因此这类句子的附加疑问句，应采取肯定形式： 1. He scarcely knew a word of English, did he? 2. You seldom work on Sundays, do you? 3. He had little time to spare, did he? 十六、当主句的动词 have 表示“拥有”时，附加疑问既可用 have 也可用 do ： 1. You have a color TV set, havent you/ dont you? 当主句的 have 不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时，附加疑问要用 do ： 1. You had a cold yesterday, didnt you? 2. They dont have coffee with breakfast, do they? 十七、带有否定前缀的词虽然具有否定意义，但含有这种词的句子仍被看作是肯定句： 1. That is impossible, isnt it? 2. He was unhappy about this, wasn t he? 3. Tom was unfair, wasnt he? 十八、当陈述部分是主从复合句时，疑问部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致，而不是和从句中的动词和主语保持一致： 1. They know that he is from England, dont they? 2. He told me he would go there tomorrow, didnt he? 十九、并列句的反意疑问句其疑问部分一般与最接近的分句的谓语保持一致： 1. We must start at once or we cant go there on time, can we? 2. He is a teacher but his wife isnt a teacher, is she? 二十、反意疑问句的回答要克服中文思维，用事实进行回答，是就用 yes ，不是就用 no ： 1. -You arent a lawyer, are you? -Yes, I am. 2. -He hasnt been to the Great Wall, has he? -No, he hasnt. 考点诠释 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。 7. 陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句时，疑问部分的主语通常用 it 。 Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, _? Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, _? That he didnt pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, _? 8、当陈述部分的谓语动词是 have 时，有两种情况。 （1） have 作“有”解时，反意疑问句部分可用 have （ not ）或 do （ not ）的相应形式。 9、当陈述句部分有情态动词 must 时，反意疑问部分有四种情况 1） must 表示“禁止”时即 mustnt ，反意疑问部分要用 must 。 You must have told her about it, 10 、带情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 dare (need) + 主语。 We need not do it again, He dare not say so, 11 、 当陈述部分有情态动词 ought to 时，反意疑问句部分要用 ought / should (oughtnt / shouldnt) 。 如陈述部分为情态动词 used to ，反意疑问部分可用 used/did + 主语。 如陈述部分为 had better ，反意疑问部分用 hadnt + 主语。 如陈述部分有 would rather ，疑问部分多用 wouldnt + 主语。 如陈述部分有 Youd like to, 疑问部分用 wouldnt + 主语。 12 、当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的 I wish 时，反意疑问部分要用 may I ，而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。 I wish to go to the moon by spaceship some day, 三并列句 结构中反意疑问句的 运用 五祈使句 结构中反意疑问句的运用 1祈使句的肯定形式，其反意问句表示“请求”时，通常用 will you ；表示“邀请、劝说”时，用 wont you 。 Be sure to write to us, Close the window, please, Come to have dinner with us this evening, 2祈使句的否定形式，其反意疑问句通常只用 will you 构成。 Dont smoke in the meeting room, Dont be late again, 高考链接 We forgot to bring our tickets ,but please let us enter,_? (2006 全国 II,7) A.do you B.can we C.will you D.shall we 【解析】本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句。应该注意 let us 和 lets 引导的祈使句所用场合是不同的： let us do sth. 是征求对方的许可； lets do sth. 是号召大家做某事。因此，它们的反意疑问句式也不同， lets do sth. 的反意疑问句式是 :shall we, 而 let us do sth. 的反意疑问句式是： will /wont you 答案是：C。 高考链接 Stand over there _youll be able to see it better.(2004 天津， 22) A.or B.while C.but D.and 【解析】本题考查祈使句 and/or 陈述句，句意为： If you stand over there ,youll be able to see it better. 两分句之间前后是承接关系，所以，应选D。如果选 or, 此句应改为： Stand over there or you wont be able to see it better ，句意为： If you dont stand over there, you wont be able to see it better. 高考链接 6.The little boy came riding full spe