《非谓语动词》PPT课件.ppt

Non-finite Verbs,Infinitive; gerund; participle,Infinitive(不定式),1. 不定式的式和态 （以动词do为例）,相关例句:,1）Mr. Brown is supposed to_for Italy last week. A. have left B. be leaving C. leave D. have been left 2）Mr. Johnson preferred _ heavier word to do. A. to be given B. to be giving C. to have given D. having given 注： 一般式：不定式动作在谓语动作之后或两动作同时发生 完成式：不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前 完成进行式：不定式动作在谓语动作之前，并持续到现在与谓语动作同时发生,2.不定式的句法功能,3. 几点补充,1）不定式to的省略 A.不定式作表语，若谓语有实词do，则不定式不带to All I wanted to do was solve it as soon as possible. B.介词but, except，save后可接不定式作宾语，若谓语是do则省略to，反之则不省 He has no alternative but to go with her. Last night I did nothing but watch TV.,C. 在had better; would rather (sooner)than; wouldrather than; can notbut; cant help but; may as well等习惯用法中，省略to Mary cant help but rush into the heavy rain. He would rather stay at home than go to work. D.作使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, watch, listen to, feel, hear等的宾语补足语 He made Helen teach us English. 注：此类句子的被动形式，to不可省略 Helen was made to teach us English.,E.口语中，why 开头的简单问句中，用不带to的不定式 Why not go at once？ 2）不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出 Its an honor for me to take part in the work. Its very nice of you to see me when I was ill. 3) 注意区分介词to和不定式to 如：be used (accustomed) to; be opposed to; object to; look forward to; stick to; preferto;等词组中to均为介词,Participle（分词）,分词的式和态（以do为例） 注：being done 表被动语态的进行式,2. 分词的句法功能,3. 分词作状语的补充说明,1）分词可作伴随、时间、原因，条件等状语(前可有连词) 伴随:They stood there watching the movie. Prof. Johnson is coming, followed by his assistant. 时间: （When）Coming down the mountain, I met an old friend. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked beautiful. 原因: Born into a poor family, he had only two years of education. Getting up too late, he missed the school bus. 条件: Given enough sunlight, the flowers could have grown better. compared with you, we still have a long way to go.,2) 独立结构：（作状语） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和谓语动词的主语保持一致。否则，分词前必须加上名词或代词作为其主语。这种带主语的分词结构就叫独立结构。有时独立结构前还可用with。 The boy returned, his face covered with sweat. His work finished, he packed the tools and left. With the issue settled, they went home. The house is very beautiful with so many flowers surrounding it.,注：with独立结构还可以是: with+名词/代 词+不定式/介词短语/形容词或副词 With so much work to do, I cant go with you. With nothing interesting on TV, we can play the bridge tonight. 4. 分词做宾补的补充说明: 1) 感官动词的宾补既可是分词，也可是不带to不定式 I heard him talking to his sister.(表正在进行) I heard him tell the story to his sister.（表动作全过程）,2）have/get +宾语+过去分词，分词动作并非主语所为 Youd better have your lung X-rayed. I am going to get my radio repaired.,Gerund(动名词),动名词的基本形式（以动词do为例）,2. 动名词的句法功能,3. 动名词的补充说明 1）逻辑主语：可以是物主代词、名词所有格或普通格、人称代词宾格等 Mary insisted on her going to college. The old man doesnt like George losing his temper. The old man doesnt like losing his temper. 2) 在need, want, require, demand, be worth之后，表被动 The window needs cleaning. The book is worth reading.,3) 接动名词不接不定式的常见动词：admit, acknowledge, anticipate, advocate, appreciate, avoid, cant help/resist/stand, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, mind, enjoy, escape, excuse, evade, facilitate fancy, favor, finish, imagine, include, miss, pardon, postpone, practice, resent, risk, suggest,4) 有些动词接续关系是：动词+宾语+into+doing 如：trick, mislead, shame, talk, trap, beguile, blackmail, coerce, deceive, fool I shamed him into returning the stolen money. Dont let his friendly words mislead you into trusting him. She beguiled me into lending her money.,其它接续关系：动词+宾语+from+doing 这类动词有：stop, prevent, keep, hinder, restrain, save等，基本含义是“使不”: Nothing could st