优尼全能英语：完成时态瞬间动词变延续性动词规则表.doc

优尼全能英语，免费体验纯英式课程： /（报名网址）纯英式教学模式：纯英式资深外教，纯英式国际领先教材，纯英式学习环境！ 优尼全能英语：完成时态瞬间动词变延续性动词规则表 延续性动词与终止性动词：动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep， have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后，就不能再继续下去。如：leave，start，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin， stop，shut，turn off，marry，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive， finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give， jump，buy，borrow等。1.终止性动词的用法1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The plane has arrived飞机到了。I have finished my homework.我已完成了作业。2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时(只限于肯定式)不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.他来这儿三个月了。误：he has come here for three months.两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years /months连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢?我们可采用下列方法：A.用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如： He has been dead for three years.He has been here for three months.将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有如下几种：a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：buyhave，borrow keep，come /go /becomebe，catch /get a coldhave a cold，get to knowknow等。b.be+名词：join the Party /Leaguebe a Party /League member， go to schoolbe a student，join the armybe a soldier等。c.be+形容词/副词：diebe dead，leavebe away(from)，put onbe on，finish /endbe over，begin /startbe on，comebe here / in，fall asleepbe asleep，go outbe out等。d.be+介词短语：go to schoolbe in /at school，join the army be in the army等。 e.去掉短语中的短暂性动词：get to knowknow，come to workwork，begin to studystudy等。B.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时。如：He died three years ago.He came here three months ago.C.用“It is /has been +一段时间+since(一般过去时)”结构。如： It is /has been three years since he died.It is /has been three months since he came here.D.用“多长时间+has passed +since(一般过去时)”结构。如： Three years has passed since he died.Three months has passed since he came here.3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已成为一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I havent heard from him for two weeks.我已两个星期没收到他的信了.4)终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用，构成“not.until”结构，意为“直到才”，表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如：We wont go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops.直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。When did you go to bed last night?昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的?I didnt go to bed until my father got home.直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。5)在while(表示“一段时间”)引导的从句中，不能用终止性动词，但when可以，因为when可表示“时间的点”，也可表示“一段时间”。如： 误：While I got to the village，it was dark.正：When I got to the village，it was dark.6)终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如： 误：How long have you borrow the book?可改用延续性动词或与when连用的一般过去时。正：How long have you kept the book?正：When did you borrow the book?2.延续性动词的用法1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。如：I have waited for him for nearly two hours.我等他快两个小时了。2)终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。同样，延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。如： 误：It rained at eight yesterday morning. rain为延续性动词，而at eight是表示时间点的状语，显然矛盾。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为，可以借助come，get， begin等终止性动词来表达。上句可改为： It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.3)在until引导的时间状语从句中，若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词，既可以用肯定形式，也可以用否定形式，但句子含义不同。试比较：She listened to the radio until her father came back.她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。She didnt listen to the radio until her father came back.直到她父亲回来才听收音机。【强化训练】 (1)My brother _ the Youth League for two years.A.has been in B.has entered C.has taken part in D.has joined in_have you been away from home?(I have been away from home)For five years.A.How much B.What time C.How long D.When(3)The meeting _ for five hours.A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over D.has stopped(4)When Jack arrived，he and Mary_ for almost an hour.A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away(5)The baby _ for eleven hours.A.fell asleep B.has fallen asleep C.has got to sleep D.has been asleep(6)While I _ Beijing，it was raining very hard.A.got to B.reached C.arrived in D.visited(7)How long have you _ ?Since two years ago.A.fallen ill B.been ill C.left home D.married(8)What was the party like?Wonderful.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A.after B.when C.before D.since(9)It is weeks since he _ .So it is.Wed better ask someone else to help us.A.