托福阅读长难句分析.ppt

Toefl Reading,Complex Sentences,Contents,The patterns of the complex sentences The types of the complex sentences,The patterns of the complex sentences,A of B -ed by Vt./vi. “and/or” clauses,A of B;-ed by;Vt./vi.,The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.,“and/or”,Is this a defect, or are the authors working out a different kind of aesthetic , or trying to react against certain type of mainstream aesthetic?,What we today call American folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everydayfolks , with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kingdom and especially for portraits.,Biological hypotheses include ecological changes brought about by the evolution of cooperation between insects and flowering plants or of bottom-feeding predators in the oceans.,In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce.Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essential mimetic quality of her fiction .,clauses,Governments have traditionally been assumed to want to maximise the welfare of the citizens of their country or locality. This can be very difficult because it is often not immediately obvious what are the costs and benefits of a decision.,clauses,The production possibility frontiers in Figures 1 and 2 have been drawn concave to the origin (bowing outwards) rather than as straight lines or as convex lines. This is because it has been assumed that not all resources in the economy are as productive in one use compared to another.,The types of the complex sentences,多句合成型 拆分词组型 插入型 倒装型 包含特殊结构型,多句合成型,A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that Englands policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by coimmercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.,拆分词组型,Each of these characteristics sharply distinguishes the 21000 people who left for New England in the 1630s from most of the approximatly 377000 English people who had immigrated to America by 1700.,拆分词组型,The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines has pitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection against environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy.,插入型,The outpouring of contemporary American Indian literature in the last two decades, often called the Native American Renaissance, represents for many the first opportunity to experience Native American poetry.,插入型,Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows tha the slaves preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.,倒装型,Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. At no time was the entrance left unguarded. Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.,倒装型,Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.,包含 “特殊结构”的难句,虚拟语气 If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs.,not so much as ,For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musica pieces.,not any more than,Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any nor than a pile of bricks can be called a house.,clauses,American paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski, who have studied extinction rates in a number of fossil groups, suggest that episodes of increased extinction