河南省豫东名校2018_2019学年高一英语12月联考试题（含解析）.docx

豫东名校2018-2019学年上期12月联考高一英语试题（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACraziest Food Festivals sounds like a joke topic, but once you start looking into it, youll realize theyre everywhere-the crazier, the better.1. Bibimbap FestivalIn the South Korean town of Jeonjuloves, their “mixed rice” dish is a hearty serve of rice topped with raw beef, a rainbow of vegetables, a raw egg and gochujang sauce (韩国的辣椒酱) so much. They take four days out of October to celebrate it.Like any festival theres music, entertainment and magic, but making it that little bit different is the bibimbap thats whipped (搅拌) up in a big bowl by dozens of chefs and served to over 400 people.2. Waikiki Spam Jam (怀基基午餐肉节)Who knew this canned meat had so much love? Well, it turns out that a can of Spam is the go-to item in Hawaii, along with a grass skirt and garland (花环). The people of Hawaii love Spam so much that they even spend a day in May serving out the best Spam, a type of cheap canned meat made mainly from pork.3. Bessieres Easter Egg FestivalAt Easter time, for those in the French town of Bessieres its all about an egg far less sweet.Here they celebrate the holiday by getting dozens of chefs to make one large omelette (煎蛋卷) - 15,000 eggs strong - for the townsfolk (市民).4. Potato Days FestivalThis festival actually takes place in Barnesville, Minnesota(明尼苏达州), the US. Over the last Friday and Saturday in August the town celebrates its potato-growing skills by hosting potato picking and peeling contests, as well as a Miss Tater Tot pageant (盛典) for five-and six-year-old girls.1. Bibimbap is _.A. a kind of egg cake far less sweetB. a can of meat made mainly from porkC. a fried potato ball covered with sauceD. a rice dish mixed up with vegetables, etc2. Waikiki Spam Jam takes place _.A. from 22 to 25 October B. in May in HawaiiC. in Barnesville, Minnesota D. in a French town3. If Jim wants to learn Asian food culture, hed better go to _.A. Bibimbap Festival B. Waikiki Spam JamC. Bessieres Easter Egg Festival D. Potato Days Festival【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。主要介绍了四个最疯狂的美食节：韩国的石锅拌饭节、美国夏威夷州的怀基基午餐肉节、法国的贝西埃尔镇复活节彩蛋节、美国明尼苏达州的土豆节。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Bibimbap Festival下第一段中的 their “mixed rice” dish is a hearty serve of rice topped with raw beef, a rainbow of vegetables, a raw egg and gochujang sauce “他们的“什锦饭”是一道丰盛的米饭，上面放着生牛肉、彩虹蔬菜、生鸡蛋和辣椒酱” 可知Bibimbap 是米饭混合各种蔬菜而成的，分析选项可知D符合题意，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二个标题Waikiki Spam Jam下第二段中的The people of Hawaii love Spam so much that they even spend a day in May serving 可知，Waikiki Spam Jam节发生在夏威夷，时间是5月份。由此可知B项符合题意，故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，四个最疯狂的美食节分别发生在Bibimbap Festival是在韩国、Waikiki Spam Jam在美国、Bessieres Easter Egg Festival在法国、Potato Days Festival在美国。分析选项可知，韩国是属于亚洲的，故想了解亚洲饮食文化，要去韩国的Bibimbap Festival，故A为正确答案。【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。如第1小题就属于细节理解题中较为简单的细节辨认。根据Bibimbap Festival下第一段中的 their “mixed rice” dish is a hearty serve of rice topped with raw beef, a rainbow of vegetables, a raw egg and gochujang sauce “他们的“什锦饭”是一道丰盛的米饭，上面放着生牛肉、彩虹蔬菜、生鸡蛋和辣椒酱” 可知Bibimbap 是米饭混合各种蔬菜而成的，分析选项可知D符合题意，故选D。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。当然细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。BThey are called “sea parrots”, and sometimes “clowns (小丑) of the sea”!Atlantic puffins (海鹦) are small seabirds which are around 25 cm in length. They have black and white feathers and a large parrot-like beak (鸟喙). The beak changes color during the year. In winter, the beak has a dull gray color, but it turns orange in spring!Puffins spend most of their lives out at sea, resting on the waves when not swimming. They live on the eastern coast of Canada and the United States, and the western coast of Europe.Puffins live off small fish such as herring, hake and sand eels. Puffins flap (拍) their wings up to 400 times a minute and speeding through the air at up to 88 km an hour. Wow! Whats more, puffins can dive down 60m under water in search of their favorite fish.In spring and summer, thousands of puffins stay together on the coasts and islands of the North Atlantic Ocean to start a puffin family. They usually pair up with the same partner as before some may have been together for 20 years! Puffins dig out a hole usually in a grassy bank. Both parents take it in turn to incubate (孵化) the egg for the next 36-45 days!Although puffins are not classed as an endangered animal, their population in some places is becoming smaller. The main reasons are overfishing, which can lead to a shortage of food for puffins, and pollution-especially oil spills (溢出). Not only does the oil make these beautiful birds sick, it harms their feathers.4. Where do puffins live?A. On the western coast of Canada and the United States.B. On the eastern coast of Europe.C. On the coasts of the North Atlantic Ocean.D. On the islands of the Pacific Ocean.5. According to the passage, puffins are _.A. great flyers B. large birds on landC. grass-eating animals D. bad swimmers6. How do puffins breed (繁殖)?A. They mainly breed in early autumn.B. They pair up with different partners every year.C. Mother puffins lay eggs on the grass or sand.D. Father puffins also take part in incubating the eggs.7. The population of puffins is becoming smaller because of _. the bad weather along the coast the process of taking too many fish from the sea the harm from water pollution humans habits of eating the eggs of puffinsA. B. C. D. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B【解析】【分析】本文为应用说明文。海鹦被称为“海上鹦鹉”，有时候也被叫作“海洋小丑”。本文主要介绍了海鹦的外貌特征、生活习性以及其数量越来越少的原因。【4题详解】细节理解题。第三段提到了海鹦的栖息地“They live on the eastern coast of Canada and the United States, and the western coast of Europe”, 由此可知，海鹦生活在加拿大和美国的东海岸，以及欧洲的西海岸。由倒数第二段的“on the coasts and islands of the North Atlantic Ocean 也可知答案即在大西洋沿岸”，故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。由第四段的 “Puffins flap their wings up to 400 times a minute and speeding through the air at up to 88 km an hour” 可知，海鹦拍翅膀的速度达到每分钟400 次，在空中飞行的速度可达到每小时 88 千米，由此可推断海鹦飞的极快，即是个“伟大的飞行员”，故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“They usually pair up with the same partner Both parents take it in turn to incubate (孵化) the egg for the next 36-45 days”!可知，雄性海鹦和雌性海鹦轮流孵蛋。分析选项可知D项中的雄性海鹦也参与孵蛋，故选D。【7题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段的“The main reasons are overfishing. shortage of food for puffins, and pollution-especially oil spills”可知，海鹦数量减少的原因是：过度捕捞，海鹦赖以生存的食物短缺了；石油的溢出伤害了海鹦和它们的羽毛。分析选项可知和符合题意，故选B。【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。判断题。如本文的第2小题，由第四段的 Puffins flap their wings up to 400 times a minute and speeding through the air at up to 88 km an hour. 可知，海鹦拍翅膀的速度达到每分钟400 次，在空中飞行的速度可达到每小时 88 千米，由此可推断海鹦飞的极快，即是个伟大的飞行员，故选A。推理题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。COnce there was an old man, who was completely broke (破产的), living in a tiny house. He had to live on a $105-a-month social security (保障) check.At 65 years of age, he decided things had to change. So he thought about what he had to offer. His friends thought highly of his chicken recipe (烹饪法). He decided that this was his best shot at making a change.He left Kentucky and traveled to different states to try to sell his recipe. He told restaurant owners that he had a mouth-watering chicken recipe. He offered the recipe to them for free, just asking for a small percentage (比例) on the items sold. Sounds like a good deal, right?Unfortunately, not to most of the restaurants. He heard “NO” over l, 000 times, but he didnt give up. He believed his chicken recipe was something special. He got rejected (拒绝) 1,009 times before he heard his first yes.With that one success, the old man changed the way Americans eat chicken. Kentucky Fried Chicken, popularly known as KFC, was born. The old man was Colonel Harland Sanders, who was an American businessman, best known for founding fast food chicken restaurant chain Kentucky Fried Chicken. His name and image (肖像) are still symbols of KFC now.8. When the old man was broke, we can infer that _.A. he had a lot of fast food chicken restaurantsB. he gave away 105 dollars to others every monthC. he had no money and lived a poor lifeD. his image became a symbol of KFC9. In order to change his life, the old man decided _.A. to get a social security checkB. to sell fried chicken in the streetC. to tell his friends the secret of his recipeD. to introduce his recipe to restaurants10. The old man succeeded after he tried _ times.A. 1,000 B. 1,001C. 1,009 D. 1,01011. What can we learn from the passage?A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Always believe in yourself.C. Far from eye, far from heart. D. Its never too old to learn.【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B【解析】本文为记叙文。哈兰桑德斯65岁时只能依靠自己每月 105 美元的救济金生活。为摆脱困境，他决定向各餐馆推销自己的炸鸡秘方。在被拒绝了 1009 次之后得到了认可。哈兰 桑德斯就是肯德基的创始人。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句 “He had to live on a $105-a-month social security check”.“他必须靠每月105美元的社会保障金生活”，可知，他生活很贫困。broke 的意思是“没有钱的；破产的”，分析选项可知C符合题意，故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。第二段“His friends thought highly of his chicken recipe (烹饪法).He decided that this was his best shot at making a change.”可知他要改变生活，第三段第一句中的“He left Kentucky and traveled to different states try to sell his recipe ”可知，哈兰桑德斯想要向各餐馆推销自己的炸鸡秘方来改变生活。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“He got rejected 1,009 times before he heard his first yes” 可知，哈兰，桑德斯在第1010次推销炸鸡秘方时取得了成功。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。哈兰 桑德斯经历了一次又一次的失败没有放弃，最终取得了成功。这个故事告诉我们要相信自己，不要放弃。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。DWith their furry round heads and big black eyes, Zhongzhong and Huahua look just the same as any other monkey. But they happen to be the worlds first cloned (克隆的) monkeys.Years ago, scientists used cloning techniques to produce Dolly, the worlds first cloned mammal (哺乳动物).They now used the same technique to produce the monkeys in China.In animal cloning, animals are produced in a lab by using DNA that is taken from the cells (细胞) of a naturally-born animal. To clone Zhongzhong and Huahua, scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS.中国科学院) first removed the nucleus (细胞核) from a monkeys egg cell (卵细胞). They then put another nucleus taken from the monkeys body cells into the egg cell. The newly-formed egg was put into the womb (子宫) of a female monkey. Finally, Zhongzhong and Huahua were born.The cloning process is hard, especially removing nucleus. It needs to be done in a fast and precise (精确的) way. The faster you do it, the less damage is done to the egg, according to CAS. Scientist Liu Zhen spent three years practicing removing the nucleus.Unlike common monkeys, cloned monkeys have the same DNA as each other. When doing experiments on them, scientists can easily know that certain results are caused by different treatments, rather than different genes.According to Sun Qiang from CAS, most drug trials (药物试验) are done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work on humans. The two species are very different.“Monkeys and humans are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective (有效的) as testing on humans,” Sun added.12. Zhongzhong and Huahua are _.A. naturally-born monkeysB. the worlds first cloned mammalsC. the worlds first cloned monkeysD. twin sheep that were born by Dolly13. What do we know about the two monkeys?A. They look different from other monkeys.B. They have the same DNA.C. Their body cells dont have any nucleus.D. They can live for only three years.14. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A. Removing the nucleus is difficult.B. The cloning process is very safe.C. It took three years to remove the nucleus.D. It is impossible to clone other animals.15. Why do scientists want to do drug tests on monkeys?A. Because its easier to use them for tests.B. Because there are not enough mice.C. Because drugs work well on monkeys.D. Because monkeys are similar to humans.【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】本文为说明文。经过艰难的研究攻关，中国科学院取得重大突破，在国际上首次实现了非人灵长类动物的体细胞克隆。中中和华华成为世界上首对克隆猴。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第一段的“Zhongzhong and Huahua look just the same as any other monkey. But they happen to be the worlds first cloned monkeys”可知，中中和华华是世界上首对克隆猴。分析选项可知C符合题意，故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第三段第一句“Unlike common monkeys, cloned monkeys have the same DNA as each other”可知，这对克隆猴DNA彼此相同。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。由第四段的“The cloning process is hard, especially removing nucleus. The faster you do it, the less damage is done to the egg, according to CAS. Scientist Liu Zhen spent three years practicing removing the nucleus”可知，“克隆过程很难，尤其是移除细胞核.它需要以快速而精确的方式完成。根据中科院的说法，你做得越快，对鸡蛋的伤害就越小。科学家刘震花了三年时间练习移除原子”，由此可知A项正确，故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。最后一段提到了“ Monkeys and humans are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective (有效的) as testing on humans”由此可知“猴子和人类比较接近，对猴子的测试应该和对人类的测试一样有效”，所以科学家想用猴子做药物实验。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Finland is a small country of just 5.3 million people, but over three million saunas(桑拿浴). _16_ Finns have a sauna at least once a week. Saunas can be found all over Finland: in offices, factories, sports centres and hotel, and 2/3 of the people have one in their house.Some of the basic rules for using the sauna include not eating or drinking. Also, you cant wear any clothes or swimsuits in the sauna. _17_ Men and women visit the sauna separately, unless theyre members of the same family.Saunas have existed for hundreds of years in Finland. In the past, Finns dug holes in the ground and put heated stones in them. When water was thrown on the hot stones, they gave off a vapour._18_ Traditional type is the smoke sauna. We find smoke saunas mostly in rural areas. Theyre heated with burning wood. Once the room is hot enough, the fire is allowed to die and the room is ventilated (使通风) by letting the smoke out through a hole in the ceiling. _19_ With these, you simply turn on an electric stove an hour before you want to go in. This is seen as the safest and easiest way to heat the room._20_ Many think that theyre important for your wellbeing (幸福). Finns believe that the sauna can treat a number of diseases. Having a sauna is also seen as a good way to relieve stress and tension.A. Now there are several types of sauna.B. That is to say, you have to go naked.C. Why are saunas so popular in Finland?D. Saunas play an important role in Finnish life.E. Since then, saunas have been introduced to Asia.F. However, the most common type is the electric sauna.G. If you ever visit Finland, dont forget to have a nice, relaxing sauna.【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. F 20. C【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。桑拿浴在芬兰人的生活中起着重要的作用，他们绝大多数人喜欢桑拿，桑拿浴遍布芬兰。文中叙述了芬兰桑拿的历史，类型及流行的原因。【16题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格前后的内容可知，芬兰有530万人口,但洗桑拿浴超过了300万。芬兰人每周至少洗一次桑拿。桑拿浴遍布芬兰，三分之二的人在家里都有桑拿浴。由此可知“桑拿浴在芬兰人的生活中起着重要的作用”，分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。【17题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句“you cant wear any clothes or swimsuits in the sauna.”可知“桑拿房不能穿任何衣服或泳衣”，分析选项可知B项（也就是说，你必须赤身裸体）符合题意，故选B。【18题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题是全段的中心句。分析本段内容主要介绍了两种方式的桑拿类型。分析选项A项（Now there are several types of sauna）有词types of sauna的复现，且意义一致，故选A。【19题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格后的“有了这些，你只需在想进去前一小时打开一个电炉。这被认为是最安全和最简单的取暖方式。”可知这是另一种桑拿，是用电的。分析选项可知F项（但是，最常见的类型是电动桑拿）符合题意，故选F。【20题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题位于段首，是中心句。根据空格后的内容“很多人认为它们对你的健康很重要。芬兰人相信桑拿可以治疗许多疾病。桑拿也是缓解压力和紧张的好方法。”可知这正是“芬兰喜欢桑拿浴的原因”。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。【点睛】七选五题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。这种题一般可从以下方面来做： （1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第2小题根据上一句“you cant wear any clothes or swimsuits in the sauna.”可知“桑拿房不能穿任何衣服或泳衣”，分析选项可知B项（也就是说，你必须赤身裸体。）符合题意，故选B。（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。正确选项的特点：复现，包括同义反复，反义反复。本小题是全段的中心句。分析本段内容主要介绍了两种方式的桑拿类型。分析选项A项（Now there are several types of sauna）有词types of sauna的复现，且意义一致，故选A。（4）试题的选项位置不同，解题策略也不同若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。如第5小题本小题位于段首，也是中心句。根据空格后的内容“很多人认为它们对你的健康很重要。芬兰人相信桑拿可以治疗许多疾病。桑拿也是缓解压力和紧张的好方法。”可知这正是“芬兰喜欢桑拿浴的原因”。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Chris Emch was a pretty unhappy guy. He _21_ years working as a police officer. After a career-ending injury, hed opened a shop in Thousands Oaks, California, but the _22_ was struggling. And only months before a Scuba(潜水)trip, hed been _23_ with skin cancer and had endured a _24_ divorce.In desperation, Chris Emch joined in a group Scuba trip to Indonesia. About 11 meters _25_ water, he removed a borrowed earplug(耳塞), causing _26_ to his ear drum. The injury forced Emch to _27_ the Scuba trip. He _28_ have packed up and gone home. Instead, the 41-year-old man decided to have a look around the _29_ islands. So Emch hired a local _30_ named Fritz to show him around. He was _31_ by the local attractive sights and unique cultures. But _32_ affected Emch most was his conversations with Fritz.Fritz earned about $140 a month, lived in a _33_ house and took on odd jobs to provide for his wife and son. But Emch realized that Frit