北京市海淀区2019年中考英语二轮复习完形填空专讲专练2.docx

2019年中考英语完形填空教学目标1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部分，给小例句提示。并标记出学生的实际掌握情况（优良差）】单词词性及词义示例备注掌握情况beatv. 1)打败 2)敲打 3)心跳She is aliveher heart is beating.chancen. 机会agreev. 1)同意 2)约定相关词：agreement; agreeableshotn.1)射击 2)击球 3)镜头相关词：shootliev.1)躺 2)位于 3)说谎The town lies on the coast.Justin just lay in bed every day相关词：lie-lay-lainlie-lied-lied lyingdisappearv.消失相关词：appearhopelessnessn.绝望“-ness”为名词后缀，表示“的性质”，如sadness; happiness; illness相关词：hope; hopelessexcitingadj.令人激动的相关词：excite; excited; excitementmovedadj.感动的相关词：move; movingembarrassedadj.尴尬的相关词：embarrass; embarrassing; embarrassmentpleasedadj.高兴的相关词：please; pleasing; pleasureinterestedadj.感兴趣的相关词：interest; interestingattractv. 吸引相关词：attractionprogressn. 进步；进展breakv. 1)摔坏 2)弄坏 3)暂停 4)违犯n. 休息；休假Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together.upsetv. 使烦恼adj.难过的realizev.意识到passv.1)路过2)递3)及格4)时间流逝Justin passed through all his classes.scorev./n.得分Justin scored a 24 on the ACT.applyv.申请；应用Every university that he applied to accepted him.acceptv.接受；录取receivev.收到standv.1)站立 2)位于 3)忍受I cant stand his brother.honestadj.诚实的相关词：honesty; dishonestbrightadj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艳丽的(颜色) 3)聪明的 4)有希望的;光明的The brightest pupil in the class has a bright future.choicen. 选择相关词：chooserecordv.1)记录 2)录音n.1)记录 2)纪录 3)唱片eventn.1)事件 2)比赛项目put on1)增加(体重)2)上演Justin put on too much weight.lose oneself in沉迷于；沉浸于He lost himself in great hopelessness.二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。】1. The first six weeks, Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty.结构分析：_本句大的结构是“and”连接的并列句，前半句含有“watching”做伴随状语的结构；后半句含有“until”引导的状语从句，意为“直到”句子翻译：_前六周，Justin每天只是躺在床上看电视，吃薯条，直到袋子是空的。仿句练习：跟着导游，我们开始爬山。_Following the guide, we started to climb the mountain.2. Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told.结构分析：_本句含有that引导的定语从句，修饰名词stories。句子翻译：_Justin被Kiki所讲的故事吸引了。仿句练习：许多年轻人似乎容易被时尚服装那多彩的面料，各种不同的款式所吸引。 _Many young people seem to be attracted by the fashion clothes which have colorful material and various styles.3. After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didnt want to feel bad for himself anymore, and he didnt want to give up.结构分析：_本句大的结构是“and”连接的并列句，前半句话中含有that引导的宾语从句，从句中含有“notanymore”结构，意为“不再”。句子翻译：_在和姐姐呆了几个星期后，Justin意识到他不想再为自己感到难过了，而且他不想放弃。仿句练习：经过几周的练习，现在我不再感到害羞，并且喜欢在众人面前唱歌了。_After several weeks practice, now I dont feel shy anymore and I loves singing in front of many people.方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一步通读全文，把握脉络跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容；再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。第二步瞻前顾后，上下求索联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三步再读文章，核查答案代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法方法一：词汇复现法解释“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road和trail)、反义词(如wrong和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是my father的上义词；coat是clothes的下义词) 等重复出现在语篇之中。例题例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选D。】例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法方法二：上下文推理法解释“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是50分钟，中国每节课是40分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选B。】方法方法三：逻辑推理法解释“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如and表并列，but和however表转折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表顺序等）。例题例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 . 6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选C。】方法方法四：文化背景常识法解释“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选A. biggest。第2题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选C. sea。】方法方法五：固定搭配法解释完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to注意”，故选D。】例2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos拍照”，故选D。】语篇精讲障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】（海淀一模）Justin was really good at basketball and he thought it was the only way out of his school He could run with the _31_ fast and beat any of the older boys at the court and the younger boys didnt have a chance. One day, some boys from another school ran up and asked to _32_ with Justin. The big one in the middle said that he had heard Justin was the best and he wanted to see if it was true. Justin agreed. During the game, Justin was running all over the big boys and making his shots. Suddenly, a big boy _33_ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so _34_. The first six weeks, Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty. Justin put on too much weight. His once _35_ future disappeared. When he lost himself in great hopelessness, Justins sister, Kiki came home from the university. She was like sunshine, _36_ exciting stories of college. Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told. “Justin!” She interrupted his daydream. “ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was _37_. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. “Oh no, this wont do, Justin,” she said. “Were going to improve the grades.” So, while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. Justin _38_ better and he wasnt so upset. After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didnt want to feel bad for himself anymore, and he didnt want to give up. Basketball used to be his thing, and he was good at it, but now there was only _39_, so he had to get good at that. Justin passed through all his classes. With the study skills he had learned from his sister, Justin scored a 24 on the ACT. Every university that he applied to (申请) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his _40_ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 文章大意为（只给出关键词即可）_参考关键词：Justin; basketball; never play again; hopelessness; sister; college; didnt want to give up; passed参考答案：Justin used to be good at playing basketball, but because he broke his leg in one game he couldnt play anymore and he lost himself in hopelessness. But after his sisters encouragement and company he started to work hard on his schoolwork. At last he was accepted by every university that he applied to 【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习话题体裁词数建议用时实际用时正确率难度人物故事类记叙文37312-15分钟_/10（海淀一模）Justin was really good at basketball and he thought it was the only way out of his school. He could run with the _31_ fast and beat any of the older boys at the court and the younger boys didnt have a chance. One day, some boys from another school ran up and asked to _32_ with Justin. The big one in the middle said that he had heard Justin was the best and he wanted to see if it was true. Justin agreed. During the game, Justin was running all over the big boys and making his shots. Suddenly, a big boy _33_ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so _34_. The first six weeks, Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty. Justin put on too much weight. His once _35_ future disappeared. When he lost himself in great hopelessness, Justins sister, Kiki came home from the university. She was like sunshine, _36_ exciting stories of college. Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told. “Justin!” She interrupted his daydream. “ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was _37_. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. “Oh no, this wont do, Justin,” she said. “Were going to improve the grades.” So, while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. Justin _38_ better and he wasnt so upset. After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didnt want to feel bad for himself anymore, and he didnt want to give up. Basketball used to be his thing, and he was good at it, but now there was only _39_, so he had to get good at that. Justin passed through all his classes. With the study skills he had learned from his sister, Justin scored a 24 on the ACT. Every university that he applied to (申请) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his _40_ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 31. A. toy B. ball C. key D. flag 32. A. play B. stand C. eat D. ride 33. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed 34. A. brave B. honest C. safe D. sad 35. A. busy B. quiet C. bright D. funny 36. A. changing B. receiving C. forgetting D. bringing 37. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased 38. A. repeated B. taught C. felt D. sounded 39. A. schoolwork B. sport C. home D. travel 40. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event 语篇精讲：参考答案：3135 BACDC 3640 DBCAB 文章大意：本文讲述了一个叫做Justin的男孩的故事。Justin擅长打篮球，但是在一次比赛中受伤不能再打篮球，他一度陷入绝望之中；后来在他姐姐的帮助和鼓励之下，他开始努力学习并考上好大学。通过Justin的故事，作者告诉我们遇到困难不要轻易放弃。答案解析：31. 通过上文“Justin was really good at basketball”可知Justin擅长打篮球，因此可推断出他可以快速运球。故选B。32. 通过下文“During the game, Justin was running all over the big boys”可知Justin在和“the big boys”比赛，因此可推断出他们要和他一起打篮球，故选A。33. 通过下文“Justin went flying, fell on the ground”可知Justin摔倒了，再结合生活常识可推断出在比赛过程中应该是有人“推”了他一下，他才会摔倒。故选C。34. 通过上文“The doctor said Justin might never play again.”可知他不能再打篮球了，再结合生活常识可知对于一个喜欢打球的孩子来说不能再打球了，他肯定会觉得伤心。故选D。35. 结合语境可知，Justin擅长打篮球并认为这是他唯一的出路，当他不能再打球以后，可以推断出对他来说“他曾经光明的未来不见了”，故选C。36. 通过下文可知Kiki给Justin讲故事，因此可推断出故事是从大学里带回来的，故选D。37. 通过下文“His grades had really fallen”可知他成绩下降了，因此可推断出当姐姐要看他成绩单时，他应该是感到尴尬的，故选B。38. 通过下文“he wasnt so upset”可知他不再那么沮丧，因此可以推断出他是感觉好多了，故选C。39. 通过下文“Justin passed through all his classes”，可知他现在只有学业了，故选A。40. 通过下文“He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice.”可知Justin有自己的选择。故选B。精讲笔记 【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握10个】单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize语篇中的学到的方法 【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】【至少掌握2个】方法一：词汇复现法如：本篇文章中的40. (choice )方法二：上下文推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识法方法五：固定搭配法能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词词性、词义备注1beatv. 1)_ 2) _ 3) _提示：She is aliveher heart is beating.2_n. 机会3_v. 1)同意 2)约定4_n.1)射击 2)击球 3)镜头5liev.1)躺 2) _ 3)说谎相关词：lie-_-_ lie_-_ 6_v.消失反义词：_7hopelessness_“-ness”为_后缀，表示“的性质”8_adj.令人激动的9_adj.感动的10_adj.尴尬的11_adj.高兴的12_adj.感兴趣的13breakv. 1) _ 2)弄坏 3)暂停 4) _n. _提示：Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.We cant break the law.while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together.14_v. 使烦恼 adj.难过的15_v.意识到16passv.1)路过2)递3) _4) _提示：Justin passed through all his classes.With time passing by, we have grown up.17_v./n.得分18_v.申请；应用19_v.接受；录取20_v.收到21standv.1) _ 2)位于 3) _提示：I cant stand his brother.22_adj.诚实的反义词：dishonest23brightadj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艳丽的(颜色) 3) _ 4) _提示：The brightest pupil in the class has a bright future.24_n. 选择25_v.1)记录 2)录音26_n. 进步；进展27_v. 推28_v. 吸引29put on1) _ 2) _提示：Justin put on too much weight.30lose oneself in_二、句子翻译1. 前六周，Justin每天只是躺在床上看电视，吃薯条，直到袋子是空的。_2. 他曾经光明的未来不见了。_3. 他沉浸在深深的绝望之中。_4. 她就像阳光一样，带来大学的一些令人兴奋的故事。_5. Justin被Kiki所讲的故事吸引了。_6. 在和姐姐呆了几个星期后，Justin意识到他不想再为自己感到难过了，而且他不想放弃。_7. 他申请的每所大学都录取了他。_完形练习（海淀一模）The LakeThe day when Robert was born was the happiest day of my life. Unfortunately my wife decided she no longer wanted to be married to me. My little boy and I had to 31 , only getting to see each other every other weekend.One day, I decided to go fishing with my son, who was about 5 years old, at a nearby lake. We arrived at the lake early. Getting out of the car, we brought out all of the fishing equipment and our life jackets and the cooler that had our tasty lunch in it. I could just 32 the day in my mind in hopes that it would never end. We both went out onto the dock（船坞）and I thought, “Do I put his life jacket on first or load the boat first?” I saw him skipping rocks on the water, so I decided to load the boat first.I was just finishing up when I heard the splash. I turned and looked quickly expecting to see Robert 33 standing there, but I did not see him anywhere. I jumped into the water to save my son immediately. I searched and searched but found him nowhere. I came up for a breath hoping to see him above water, now wondering how I could find him in the murky（浑浊的）water. I finally decided to go all the way to the bottom and 34 around, not coming up until I found him.Finally, there on the bottom he was, his arms wrapped around the wooden pole that holds up the dock. I brought him to the 35 and put him on the bank. While both of us were coughing and spitting out water, I just hugged him and was 36 that I had found him in time.When things finally calmed down, I asked one simple question, “Robert, why were you 37 onto that pole on the bottom of the lake?” He looked at me with the most innocent and loving eyes and simply replied, “I was wait