2019届中考英语复习第一篇语言基础知识第15课九年级Units1_2基础知识.docx

第15课 九年级 Units 12课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. textbook 教科书2. conversation 对话；交谈3. aloud 出声地；大声地（读）4. sentence 句子5. patient 有耐心的；病人6. secret 秘密7. grammar 语法8. repeat 重复9. note 笔记10. physics 物理学11. chemistry 化学12. increase 增加13. speed 速度；加速14. born 出生15. create 创造（动词）16. attention 注意；关注（名词）17. connect 连接；与有联系18. review 回顾；复习19. stranger 陌生人20. relative 亲戚21. pound 英镑22. dessert 甜点23. garden 花园24. admire 欣赏；仰慕25. treat 款待；请（客）26. novel 小说27. punish 处罚；惩罚28. warn 警告；告诫29. present 现在；礼物词汇拓展1. pronounce（v.） pronunciation （n.）发音；读音2. patient（adj. & n.） patience （n.）耐心；毅力3. express（v.） expression （n.）表情；表示；表达方式4. discover（v.） discovery （n.）发现；发觉5. able（adj.） ability （n.）能力；才能6. create（v.） creative （adj.）有创造力的；创造性的7. active（adj.） actively （adv.）活跃地 activity （n.）活动8. connect（v.） connection （n.）连接；与有联系9. wise（adj.） wisely （adv.）明智地；聪明地10. strange（adj.） stranger （n.）陌生人11. steal（v.） stole （过去式） stolen （过去分词）偷；窃取12. lay（v.） laid （过去式/过去分词）放置；下蛋13. lie（v.） lay （过去式） lain （过去分词）平躺；处于14. die（v.） death （n.）死；死亡 dead （adj.）死的；失去生命的 dying （现在分词）死；死去15. business（n.） businessman （n.）商人16. punish（v.） punishment （n.）处罚；惩罚17. warm（adj.） warmth （n.）温暖18. spread（v.） spread （过去式/过去分词）传播；展开；蔓延19. memory（n.） memorize （v.）记忆20. know（v.） knowledge （n.）知识21. loud（adj.） aloud （adv.）喧闹地；大声地；响亮地中考词组短语词 组1. pay attention to注意2. lay out摆开；布置3. end up最终成为4. by asking the teacher for help通过向老师求助5. read aloud to practice pronunciation 大声朗读来练习发音6. improve ones speaking skills提高某人说的技能7. too hard to understand spoken English太难而不能理解英语口语8. read word by word一个单词一个单词地读9. be patient with. 对有耐心10. an English movie called. 一部名叫的英文电影11. Its a piece of cake. 小事一桩。12. It serves you right. 这是你应得的。13. take notes做笔记14. make mistakes in grammar犯语法错误15. be born with the ability to learn天生具有的学习能力16. have.in common在方面有共同之处17. create an interest in what you learn对你所学的内容产生兴趣18. even if即使19. be afraid of making mistakes害怕犯错误20. learn wisely明智地学习21. review sth. on ones own自行复习22. over and over again一遍又一遍23. put on增加（体重）24. the hottest month of the year一年中最热的月份25. throw water at each other互相泼水26. in the shape of a full moon满月的形状27. as a result结果是28. more and more popular越来越受欢迎29. dress up as. 打扮成30. play a trick on sb. 拿某人开玩笑31. treat others nicely善待其他人32. warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事33. spread.around四处传播34. create good business for. 为创造商机中考句型回顾书面表达素材1. 语言学习和提高I am/was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.由于糟糕的发音，我害怕问问题。My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies.通过听英语电影里的对话，我的发音也提高了。I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.我发现听一些有趣的东西才是学习语言的秘诀。But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.但你是否能做好取决于你的学习习惯。Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting. 优秀的学习者经常把它们需要学习的东西和一些有趣的事物联系起来。Good learners also look for ways to review what they have learned.优秀的学习者也会寻找一些方法去复习他们学过的知识。 Practice makes perfect . 熟能生巧。Knowledge comes from questioning. 知识源自质疑。Good learners will keep practicing what they have learned, and they are not afraid of making mistakes .好的学习者将会一直练习他们学到的东西，同时他们不怕犯错误。2. 传统节日介绍Chinese people have been celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries.中国人庆祝中秋节和享受吃月饼的习俗已有好几百年。People like to admire the full moon on the Mid-Autumn night.人们喜欢在中秋之夜欣赏满月。Because the new year is a time for cleaning and washing away bad things. 因为新年正是一个打扫和洗去不好的东西的时间。He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth , spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.他现在用善良和热情对待每一个人。他在去的每一个地方都传播爱与欢乐。On these two days, American children often give gifts to their parents or take them out for lunch or dinner.在这两个节日里，美国的孩子们经常送给父母礼物或是带他们出去吃午餐或晚餐。语法精萃I know that the Water Festival is really fun. 我知道泼水节真的很有乐趣。（陈述句的宾语从句）I wonder if/whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.我想知道六月是否是参观香港的好时节。（一般疑问句的宾语从句） How pretty the dragon boats were!龙舟多么漂亮啊！（How感叹形容词、副词） What an honest boy he is!他是个多么诚实的男孩啊！（What感叹名词）情景交际 How do you learn English? 你怎样学英语？I learn by studying with a group. 我通过小组学习来学英语。课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、treat的用法【例句展示】1. Parents take their children around the neighborhood to ask for treats.父母带着他们的孩子到附近街坊去要求款待。2. This is my treat. 这次由我请客。3. She treated us to some delicious chicken. 她请我们吃了些美味的鸡肉。4. Dont treat me as a child. 别把我当作孩子对待。【精讲辨析】1. treat在例1中用作可数名词，意为“请客；款待”。2. treat用作及物动词，其意义和用法如下：（1）意为“款待；请客”。常构成短语treat sb. to sth.，意为“请某人吃”。（2）意为“看待；当作”，与as连用构成treat.as.短语，意为“把当作”。（3）意为“治疗”。【活学活用】用treat的适当形式填空。The teacher always_ his students as his own children.二、by的用法【例句展示】1. I try to pass the test by working hard.我努力学习以尽力通过考试。2. I must finish the work by 12 oclock.我必须在十二点之前完成工作。3. I walked by Lilys house yesterday.昨天我从莉莉家经过。4. She often walks by the river.她经常在河边散步。5. The bedroom was cleaned by me.我打扫过卧室了。【精讲辨析】by是介词，有多种意思和用法：1. by表示方式、方法、手段，意为“通过/用/靠（而达到某种预期的目的）”，后接名词或动名词短语，在句中作方式状语，可放在句首也可放在句尾。2. 表示时间，意为“在之前；到为止；不迟于”。3. 表示移动方向，意为“从经过”。4. 表示位置，意为“靠近；在旁边”。5. 用于被动语态中，后接动作的执行者，意为“由；被”。相关短语：by the way顺便提一下；by the end of到结束为止；by mistake错误地；by accident偶然地；by oneself靠某人自己；by now到目前为止；by bike骑车。【活学活用】用适当的介词填空。1. He learns French_ talking with native speakers.2. Potato chips were invented_ George.3. I saw Maureen quite_ accident in the supermarket the other day.三、depend on的用法【例句展示】1. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.但是你是否能把这做好取决于你的学习习惯。2. The price depends on the quality.价格依质量而定。3. All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物生长靠太阳。4. The amount you pay depends on where you live.付钱多少要视你住在哪里而定。5. You cant depend on your parents forever. 你不能永远依赖你的父母。【精讲辨析】depend on意为“视而定；依靠；依赖”，其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。既不能用于进行时态，也不可用于被动语态。【活学活用】用适当的短语填空。Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow?Well, it all_ the weather.四、warn的用法【例句展示】1. He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesnt want to end up like him.他告诫斯克鲁奇，如果他不想最终像他一样，就要改变他的作风。2. She warned him to keep silent. 她告诫他保持沉默。3. He warned us about the serious situation.他提醒我们注意形势的严峻性。4. They warned me against swimming to this part of the river.他们告诫我不要游到河的这一带。【精讲辨析】warn作及物动词，意为“警告；告诫”，常用于以下结构中：1. warn sb. （not） to do sth. 意为“告诫某人（不要）做某事”。2. warn sb. about sth. 意为“提醒某人注意某事”。3. warn sb. of/against （doing） sth. 意为“告诫某人当心/提防（做）某事”。【活学活用】用warn的适当形式填空。The boy was_ not to copy others homework again.五、not only.but （also）的用法【例句展示】1. Not only do people spread them around in different hiding places for an egg hunt, but they also give out these treats as gifts.人们不仅为了寻找复活节彩蛋而将彩蛋分散到周围不同的藏匿处，而且他们还分发这些好吃的作为礼物。2. Not only has he entered the college, but also he has got an award.他不仅上了那所大学，而且还获了奖。3. Not only he but also I have been to the Great Wall.不但他去过长城，而且我也去过。4. Not only the students but also the teacher likes soccer.不但学生们喜欢足球，而且老师也喜欢。【精讲辨析】1. not only.but （also）.意为“不但而且”，其中also可省略，用于连接两个相同的句子成分。例句1中Not only do people spread them.an egg hunt是倒装句，其中的否定词组not only用于句首是为了表示强调。在英语中为了强调某些内容，常把一些否定词语置于句首，这时句子用倒装语序。常见的这类否定词还有never, little, hardly等。2. not only.but （also）.可连接句子的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，要遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。帮助别人不仅使我感觉很好，而且我能把时间花在我喜欢做的事情上。_ I feel good about helping others,_ I get to spend time doing what I love to do.中考重点句型I know that.我知道I wonder if/whether.我想知道是否【例句展示】1. Im sorry to hear that your mother is ill.很遗憾，听说你母亲病了。2. She didnt know that Tom had left for Shanghai.她不知道汤姆已经动身去了上海。3. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快。4. I shall write to you what I want to say.我会写给你我想说的话。5. I dont know who wants to borrow these magazines.我不知道谁想借这些杂志。6. I think （that） he is right. 我认为他是对的。7. I wonder if he is a driver.我想知道他是不是个司机。8. Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam.艾丽斯想知道她是否已通过了考试。9. I dont believe he will come. 我相信他不会来了。【归纳提高】1. 含义：在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2. 时态：（1）如果主句为一般现在时，从句可选择任意适当的时态。（2）如果主句是一般过去时，从句一般要用过去的某种时态。（3）当宾语从句是表达客观事实或客观规律的句子时，其时态仍用一般现在时。3. 语序：（1）不管什么类型的宾语从句，总是用陈述语序，即从句的引导词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序；当引导词作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。（2）当宾语从句是陈述句且主句的谓语动词是think, say, hope, wish, know, believe, guess等时，常接that引导的宾语从句；that在句中只起连接作用，没有意义，也不在从句中充当任何成分，在口语中常省略。4. 引导词：whether/if多引导由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的从句，且在选择疑问句中，whether常与or not连用；whether/if在句中不能省略。5. 当宾语从句表示否定意义时，如果主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose等词时，通常将否定转换至主句的谓语动词之前。【活学活用】A）用适当的词填空。1. Ive decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering_ you could go with me.B）用所给词的适当形式填空。2. Our teacher told us that the earth_ （go）around the sun.3. My mother asked me if I_ （go） shopping with her.中考词语辨析一、remember to do sth. 与remember doing sth.【例句展示】1. Remember to telephone me when you arrive there.当你到那里的时候，记得打电话给我。2. I remember seeing her in the city.我记得在这个城市见过她。【辨异突破】1. remember to do sth.意为“记得要做某事（此事还未做）”。2. remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事（此事已经做了）”。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Remember_ （return） the book to the library when you finish_ （read） it.2. I remembered_ （return） the money to him, but he said “No”.二、if与whether【例句展示】1. Could you please tell me if/whether there are any good museums in Newtown?你能告诉我纽镇是否有一些好的博物馆吗？2. I dont know whether I should go or not.我不知道我是否应该去。3. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.如果我是一只鸟，我会在天空中飞翔。【辨异突破】1. 两者均可引导宾语从句，常换用。如：I dont know whether it will rain tomorrow.=I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否会下雨。2. 但是在引导宾语从句时，whether可以和or not连用，if不可以。如：I dont know whether I am right or not.我不知道我是否正确。3. whether可与不定式连用，而if不可以。如：I dont know whether to go.我不知道是否要去。4. if可以引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，而whether不可以。如：If he comes tomorrow, I will call you.如果他明天来了，我会给你打电话的。5. if可用于虚拟语气中，而whether不可以。如：If I were you, I would give the money to the charity.如果我是你，我会把钱捐给慈善机构。【活学活用】用if或whether填空。1. I dont know_ he will come tomorrow._ he comes tomorrow, I will call you.2._ I were you, I would donate the money.三、information, news与message【例句展示】1. He wanted to get new information from the Internet.他想从网上获得新信息。2. No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。3. Heres a message for you, Marlin.马林，这有留给你的信息。【辨异突破】1. information是不可数名词，指通过学习、阅读等方式而获得的“信息；情报”等。“一条信息”应说a piece of information。2. news意为“新闻；消息”，是不可数名词，指公众感兴趣的、近来发生的事情，尤其指通过广播、电视、网络等报道的事件。3. message一般指口头传递或书写的“口信”，是可数名词。【活学活用】用information, news或message填空。1. For more_ , you can call Mr. Chen at 8570-9418.2. Did you see the_ on todays newspaper?3. My boss isnt in. Shall I take a_ for you?四、at first与first of all【例句展示】1. At first I didnt want to go, but I soon changed my mind.起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。2. First of all, open the windows, then turn off the gas, and if necessary, call an ambulance.首先，打开窗子，然后关掉煤气，如果需要的话，叫一辆救护车。【辨异突破】1. at first意为“起初；起先”，相当于in the beginning，与后来发生的事相对照。2. first of all意为“首先；第一”，相当于first，表示顺序，是时间上或一系列行为动作的开始，后面往往接next, then等。【活学活用】用适当的短语填空。1._ , the Internet was only used by the government. But now its widely used in every field.2._ , write down your name here, then tell us more about yourself.五、aloud, loud与loudly【例句展示】1. Please read the text aloud.请大声朗读一下课文。2. The music is too loud. Please turn it down. 这音乐太吵了。请把声音调低些。3. Try to sing louder. 试着再大声点唱。4. Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly. 突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。【辨异突破】1. aloud是副词，意为“大声地”时，与call, shout, cry等连用；意为“出声地”时，与read等连用。2. loud作形容词，意为“大声的”，可作定语或表语；也可作副词，主要指说话声和笑声等，常用比较级形式，与speak, sing, laugh等连用。3. loudly是副词，意为“高声地”，含有“喧闹”的意味，与knock, ring等连用。【活学活用】用aloud, loud或loudly填空。1. They are arguing_ outside.2. I cant hear you, please speak_.3. Its important to read_ in the morning.中考写作突破学习提高篇【话题解读】命题者通常列举语言学习过程中出现的某一现象，要求考生针对该现象进行描述，提出合理的建议并阐述自己的观点。主要涉及教学方式的变化、课堂学习方式、英语学习方法等。此类试题多以要点提示或表格的方式来考查。此类文章多用一般现在时。【常见表达】1. You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day.2. The more you read, the faster youll be.3. It really improves my speaking skills.4. Its too hard to understand spoken English.5. In English class, we should listen to the teacher carefully and take notes when necessary.6. Its very important to be confident when you learn a foreign language.【典型例题】（四川宜宾中考）目前很多学生整天都忙于学习，成绩却不理想。请根据表格内容，结合自身实际，写一篇关于“怎样提高学习效率”的短文。学习方法1. listen to the teacher2. take notes3. review in time4. correct mistakes.体育锻炼1. exercise.其他方面1. make good use of time2. ask sb. for help.要求：（1）短文应条理清楚，行文连贯，段落分明，90词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；（2）短文中不能出现真实的姓名、学校、地名等信息；（3）短文应包括全部信息，可围绕主题适当发挥。How to Improve Our Study EffectivelyA great number of students cant finish their tasks, which leads to bad results and makes them less interested in their study. How can we solve the problem? Here are some suggestions._If you follow the advice that I have mentioned above, you will be successful.【范文展示】How to Improve Our Study EffectivelyA great number of students cant finish their tasks, which leads to bad results and makes them less interested in their study. How can we solve the problem? Here are some suggestions. First, we are supposed to have good study methods, such as previewing the lessons before class, listening to the teacher carefully in class, taking notes in time, reviewing in time, doing homework on time, and correcting mistakes at any time.Then, its helpful for students to have good health. So we should spend at least an hour（in） exercising our body every day.Besides, wed better make good use of time. We shouldnt put off what we can do today till tomorrow. We should ask the teacher or classmates for help if we have some questions.If you follow the advice that I have mentioned above, you will be successful.【亮点点评】1. 文章用first, then, besides表示说明的顺序，层次分明、思路清晰。2. 提建议时文章用了不同的句式：we are supposed to., its helpful to., wed better., We should.等，使文章表述多样，增加了可读性。3. 宾语从句.what we can do.，条件状语从句if.和定语从句.the advice that I have mentioned above的使用使文章增色不少。当堂检测一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. My sister_ （admire） people who talk little but do much.2. She wants to lose weight, but ends up_ （put） on weight.3. We visit our_ （relative） on our holiday.4. He_ （lie） on his bed and did nothing.5. My little brother found his dog_ （die） on a cold winter morning. It made him very sad.6. Children should be_ （warn） not to play with fire.7. Chinas population of wild pandas has_（increase） by around 17% in the last ten years.8. The teacher hopes everyone will join_ （active） in class discussion.9. Everyone should have dreams. With dreams and hard work, anything amazing can be_ （create）.10._ （spread） scary rumors（流言） on the Internet may be punished by law nowadays.二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 know note pronounce express review 1. The_ on her face shows she is happy.2. It is a good idea to take some_ while you are listening to the teacher in class.3. My_ is too terrible. Can you tell me how to improve it?4. He_ what he had learned very hard, but he still didnt pass the exam.5. Francis ever said that