考研英语词汇真相——近年核心词汇.docx

考研英语词汇真相近年核心词汇杜甫很忙？雪姨很忙？你OUT了，我们考研背单词的最忙！亲，你在哪儿？明天出来吃吃饭看看西游吧！亲，我在自习室呢！亲，真的假的，这不还没开学嘛！亲，你还不知道吗？我已正式加入2014考研大军了，我身不由己啊，我要背单词啊！这短信还在手机里热乎着呢？哎，我也想去看西游啊，可是谁让我对考研忠贞不二呢，可是谁让考研英语单词对我恋恋不舍呢？以前说学英语吧，那好，看英文电影呗，但那是以前，不是考研！再说了，这西游也不是英文版的，好吧，那我还是乖乖背单词吧。本人这次怀里揣的是考研英语词汇真相，前几天我去参加了一个考研英语交流会，同学这本书说是他同学给推荐的，我想着既然这么多人认可，我自然得备一本。说真的，这背单词，选对单词书是关键！考研自习室里有个同学的书桌，红红绿绿摆了好几本单词书，每一本都有被不同程度的翻阅过，问他背得怎么样，效果如何，他却回了我一声叹息。其实看到他那么多本单词书我就知道，他一定掌握不好单词。最初买了一本单词书，背了几天坚持不下去了，想换一本单词书一定可以，但是换了一本还是同样的情况，于是又换一本。宝贵的复习时间就在单词书的更换中悄悄流逝了，而单词量还是没有什么突破。那么，什么单词书最合适？我觉得，能帮我提高效率的才是王道！同学说，考研英语词汇真相就能提高效率。能提高多少？60%！没错，60%这个数字的确很诱人，但是同学你能再说清楚点吗？这本书不仅列出了考研37年来真题考过的核心词汇高考词、考研词、派生词和合成词、超纲词，还列出了考研不需要复习的单词，包括考研37年来真题从未考过的单词以及考研37年来真题考过的基础词汇，这两类基本不用复习。哪些会考，哪些不会考，分门别类，清清楚楚都列在那里呢，看起来省时省力，效率大大提高！此外，这本书的词条项下的讲解十分清晰分明。以前看过很多词汇书，词条后面把所有意思全部列在一块，而后面只给出其中某一意思的例句，不仅看起来很累，而且例句没什么针对性。而在真相里，词条的释义都比较简洁，把语义相近的词归类，每个单词意思归结为3个左右，同时不同意思分条给出，并一一对应举例，这样看起来才清晰明了，不仅不费劲，而且印象也加深了，算起来每个词都能少看几眼，而且还能由此联想起同类词。这60%也不是浪得虚名的。考研英语阅读题型解析之词汇题历年的考研英语阅读理解中几乎都有这样一种题型：要求考生理解某个单词、短语或句子在文中的意思，并选出能够正确诠释其含义的选项。对于这类题型，我们将其统称为词汇题。词汇题主要考查考生通过上下文判断词义和句意的能力。本文笔者就从题型特征和题型类别两方面对考研英语阅读理解的词汇题予以解析。题型特征词汇题有一个明显的特征：题干中明确指出原文中的一个单词、短语或句子，要求考生从给出的选项中选出能够诠释其意思的一项。通常情况下，要求解释的单词、短语或句子在原文中会用下划线标出，并且题干中通常会有括号说明其所在的段落及行数。词汇题的命题模式通常包括以下几种。The phrase/word/sentence “.” (in line .) most probably means By “.”, the writer (probably) means What does the author probably mean by “.” in paragraph .?The phrase/word/sentence suggests From the passage, we can infer that the word “.” is According to the passage, what is “.” ?When the author says that ., he means 题型类别从考查形式上看，词汇题可以分为四类：对大纲内常见词汇的生僻含义的考查；对超纲词汇含义的考查；对代词所指代内容的考查；句子理解题。下面我们就针对词汇题的这四类形式，分别分析其相应的解题思路和做题方法。1. 大纲词汇考生根据题型特征判断出某道题为词汇题后，首先要判断题干中所考查的单词、短语是否为大纲词汇。如果是大纲词汇，那么该题目考查的通常不是其常用意思或字面意思。一起来看下面这道真题。真题演练1When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isntcutting, fi lling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month twolongtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,” shesays. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling,shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont knowif other clients are going to abandon me, too”, she says. (2004年考研英语阅读理解真题Text 3第一段)51. By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means _.A. Spero can hardly maintain her business B. Spero is too much engaged in her workC. Spero has grown out of her bad habit D. Spero is not in a desperate situation解析：这道题表面上是考查句子的意思，实则考查短语biting her nails的含义。这一短语中的单词都是考生熟悉的大纲词汇，但对于整个短语的含义，考生未必熟悉。笔者建议考生结合上下文，采用排除法来解题。下面我们来一一分析选项。由于选项C是对isnt biting her nails这一短语的字面解释，可直接排除。接下来，考生可利用第一句话和第二句话之间存在的转折关系来解题。首先来看选项A。如果选项A为正确答案，则第一句话想表达的意思为：“由于经济发展放缓，Ellen Spero的生意难以为继。”这一层意思无法与第二句话中所表达的意思(Ellen Spero的客户正在减少)构成转折关系，由此排除A项。同理，B选项所表达的意思(Ellen Spero的工作更加忙碌)也无法与第二句话构成转折关系，可迅速排除。由此得出正确答案为选项D。对于词汇题中考查的大纲词汇来说，如果考生无法通过上下文的逻辑关系来解题，那么也可以通过一些微观的阅读技巧(如标点符号)来判断词义。解题时常用到的特殊标点符号有以下三种：冒号。冒号前后是从抽象到具体的关系，读懂冒号后面的具体内容就能明白冒号前的单词或短语的意思。破折号。破折号有解释说明的作用，破折号后面的内容通常用来解释其前面的内容。分号。分号前后表示并列关系，包括结构的并列和语义的并列。因此，只要两句话用分号隔开，那么这两句话表达的意思应该是一致的，由此考生可以根据一个分句的意思判断另一个分句中所考查的词汇的意思。真题演练2For any job search, you should start with a narrow conceptwhat you think you want to dothen broaden it. “None ofthese programs do that,” says another expert. “Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategyis to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider ita reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for fi nding everything that is added to a database thatmight interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. (2004年考研英语阅读理解真题Text 1第三段)43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means _.Aadvisory BcompensationCinteraction Dreminder解析：根据题干括号里的信息提示，考生可以将答案信息定位至原文第三段第四句话：“Instead, the best strategyis to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it areminder to check the database again.”这句话中包含两个分句，中间用分号连接，由此可以判断两个分句为并列关系，它们想表达的意思是一致的。考生可以看出，第一个分句中的“to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database”与第二个分句中的“to check the database again”的意思是对应的，那么，很显然，第一个分句中的tip service与第二个分句中的reminder是对应的，故本题的正确答案为选项D。真题演练3We live in a society in which the medical and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coff ee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these sociallyacceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess willproduce negative eff ects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead tophysical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked fi rst by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms whenthe substance is discontinued. (1997年考研英语阅读理解真题Text 3第二段)60. The word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean _.Awidespread Boverwhelming Cpiercing Dfashionable解析：根据题干括号里的信息提示，考生可将答案信息定位至原文第二段第一句话。在这句话中，本题要考查的pervasive一词后出现了冒号，因此考生可以通过理解冒号后的内容来推断pervasiv