中考英语总复习被动语态复习.doc

一、主动语态和被动语态概说英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 (主动语态) He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态) 二被动语态结构 被动语态的结构为“助动词be及物动词的过去分词（pp）” 一般现在时：amisarepp 一般过去时：waswerepp 一般将来时：shall will be pp 现在完成时：have has been pp 现在进行时：amisarebeingpp 过去将来时：should would be pp 含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词bepp Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave 三被动语态用法 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； 2强调动作的承受者。例如： 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 The tree _ _ by that boy四主动被动语态之间的转换1将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为： 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语； 谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态； 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。 2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同义句） Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态） Where _ vegetables _ ？五注意特例 1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； 将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： He told us a story（变被动语态）We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态）A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother 2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（变被动语态） The children will _ _ _ _ _ 3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动语态） He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt 5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如： Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态） By whom has the cup been broken？ 六牢记（相关）句型 初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有： 1be covered with被覆盖 2be made of由制作（发生物理变化） be made from由制作（发生化学变化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造 3be used for被用来 be used as被当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事 4It is said that据说 It is hoped that希望 It is well known that众所周知例如： Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？ YesIts _Shanghai Amade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。 _ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing七.主动结构，被动意义1.Cotten feels soft. 棉花摸上去很柔软。2.The music sounds very beautiful . 音乐听起来非常优美。3.The bus stops . 公共汽车停了。4.My bike needs repairing . 这辆自行车需要修理。5.The book sells well . 这本书很畅销。一、单项选择( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is，builtB. Was , builtC. Does ; buildD . Did ; build( )2.An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives( )6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been done D. will be done( )7.The doctor _ for yet.A. isnt sentB. hasnt been sentC. wont be sentD. wasnt sent( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC .is; usedD. are; used( )9.Who _ this book _?A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; writtenD. was; written( )10.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked toB. was asked toC. is askedD. asks to( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told usD. told us( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump( )13.Older people _ well.A. looks after B. must be looked afterC. must look after D. looked after( )14.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened toB. should be listenC. be listened D. is listened( )15. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served( )16. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested.A. has been B. had been C. has D. had( )17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A. would be completedB. will be completed C. had been completed D. is being completed( )18. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded( )19.Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? She has _ by her classmates.A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at( )20. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needingC. are neededD. will need( )21. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of ( )22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.A. been given B. givenC. to give D. be given( )23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.