Book7U4重点词汇讲解.doc

U4 重点词汇讲解transport Thus, many buses were needed to transport people to the city centre. transport 此处是及物动词，意为“运送，运输”。Transporting goods by rail reduces pollution. 通过铁路运输货物可以减少污染。拓展：transport也可用作名词，表示：“运输，交通工具等”。Public transport in this city is excellent. 这个城市的公共交通很好。Its easier to get to the college if you have your own transport. 如果你有自己的交通工具，去学院就容易多了。function During Word II War, when London was bombed, many underground stations functioned asfunction在句中作为不及物动词，意为：“起作用，运转”。Some English adverbs function as adjectives. 英语中有些副词可用作形容词。Your computer wont function well once attacked by viruses. 一旦受到病毒攻击，你的电脑将无法正常运行。拓展：function 作为名词使用时，主要表示：“功能，职责”。The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body. 心脏的功能是把血液输往全身。It is not the function of this committee to deal with dismissals. 处理解雇的问题不是本委员会的职责。permit Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travelpermit此处是及物动词，意为“允许，许可”。常见搭配有：permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，permit doing sth. 允许做某事。此时可替换为allow sb. to do或allow doing.The new road system permits the free flow of traffic at all times. 新道路体系使交通车辆在任何时候通行无阻。The rule of the club does not permit smoking. 这个俱乐部的规章不允许吸烟。拓展： permit可以用作不及物动词，表示“许可”。 Ill see you after the meeting, if time permits. 如果时间允许的话，我开完会去见你。Well have picnic in the woods, weather permitting. 如果天气好，我们将在树林里野餐。 permit 用作名词时，可以表示“许可证”。The authorities may refuse to issue an export permit. 当局可以拒绝签发出口许可证。 permit表示“允许，许可”时，其名词形式为“permission”。 常见搭配为：“give sb. permission to do sth.准许某人做某事, ask permission from sb征得某人的许可, with sbs permission.如果某人允许的话”。Who give you permission to leave class early? 谁准许你提早离开课堂的？If you want to photographs, you must ask permission from the warden. 要想拍照必须征得管理员的许可。With your permission, I will send a copy of this letter to the doctor. 如果你准许的话，我就把这封信的副本给那位医生。aim The aim of this is to reduce air pollution. 句中aim为名词，意思是：“目标”。aim的固定搭配有：with the aim of doing sth. 带有目的，take aim at以.目标The main aim of the course is to improve students communication skills. 这门课程的主要目的是提高学生的沟通技巧。Research is being done with specific aim of monitoring customer trends. 做这个研究的特定目的是为监测客户的动向。Alan took aim at the tiger. 阿伦瞄准了老虎。拓展： aim作动词时表示：“瞄准，致力于，使某物针对某人”。其固定搭配有：aim at/for以为目标, aim to do sth目的在于；打算, be aimed at目的在于 Denver aimed his gun but did not shoot. 丹佛用枪瞄准了目标，但没有开枪。Its important that you should have some sort of a goal to aim for. 有一个为之奋斗的目标很重要。I am aiming to lose 4kg before the summer holidays. 我的目标是暑假前减掉4公斤体重。This notice is aimed at increasing peoples awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme. 此通告的目的在于提高人们对这以问题的认识，因为该问题已相当严重。annoy It was annoying when all my classmates were amused and laughed at me.annoy在这里作为及物动词，意为：“ 使（某人）不悦，惹恼”。It annoys me when people forget to say thank you. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。拓展：annoy的形容词主要有：“annoyed恼怒的，烦恼的，annoying令人恼火的，令人烦躁的”。He got very annoyed with me about my carelessness. 我太粗心大意，使他很生气。He may be naughty and annoying, but he is a good boy for all that. 尽管他淘气又惹人讨厌,他还是一个好孩子。undertake When I first undertook the project, I found the information confusing undertake在句中为及物动词，意为：“着手，进行”。He undertook a new experiment. 他着手一项新的实验 拓展：undertake 还可以表示：“承担（工作，责任等），承办, 保证，担保”。I will undertake the responsibility for you. 我会为你负起责任。He undertook to finish the work by Monday. / He undertook that he would finish the work by Monday. 他担保在星期一以前完成工作。sacrifice It was annoying when all my classmates were amused and laughed at me because they had never seen me sacrifice so much for an assignment. sacrifice在这里作为及物动词，意为；“ 牺牲”。固定搭配有：sacrifice sth to/for为.牺牲., sacrifice sth to do牺牲.去做某事Its not worth sacrificing your health for career. 你为事业而牺牲健康是不值得的。He sacrificed a promising career to look after his handicapped daughter. 他为照顾残疾女儿牺牲了有前途的事业。拓展：sacrifice 也可以用作名词，意为：“祭品，牺牲”。其固定搭配有：“offer a sacrifice to献供奉品, make sacrifice for为做出牺牲, at the sacrifice of以牺牲为代价Villagers of the Great Wall village go to the mountain to offer sacrifice to the ancestors at Tomb-sweeping Day. 每年清明时节长城村的村民们来到山上祭典祖先。Parents often make sacrifices for their children. 父母常为子女做出种种牺牲。He earned money at the sacrifice of his health. 他赚了钱却付出了健康的代价。beyond It was A+, which was beyond my modest expectations.beyond 在句中为介词，表示：“超出的范围；非所能及”。 Such tasks are beyond the scope of your average school kid.这样的任务非一般学生的能力所及。拓展：beyond还有以下含义: “越过, 迟于，超出, 除了”。Beyond the mountains was the border territory. 山的那一边是边境地带。The new law extends the ban beyond 1998. 新的法律将这条禁令延长至1998年后。Most people do not choose to work beyond the normal retirement age. 大多数人过了通常的退休年龄后便不再工作了。I didnt notice anything beyond his rather strange accent. 除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外，我没有注意到别的。postpone I am disappointed that you are postponing your visit next week, but I expect I will see you soon. postpone 在本句中为及物动词，意为：“推迟”。常用搭配有：postpone doingThe match was postponed to Saturday because of bad weather. 比赛因天气不好而延迟到星期六。 We have to postpone sending our answer to the request. 我们不得不暂缓寄出对申请书的答复。cause We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.cause在句中表示：“引起某事的原因”。The doctor had recorded the cause of death as heart failure. 医生记录的死亡原因是心脏衰竭。拓展： cause 做名词时，还可以表示：“理由，根据，事业”。There is no cause for anxiety. 没有理由要担心。Well, I dont mind giving if its for a good cause. 嗯，如果为了正义事业的话，我并不介意捐赠。 cause与reason的区别在于：reason 指对某种行为的解释。常用 reason for/reason why/the reason is that，而cause则用来解释某种现象或结果的客观、自然的原因。常用the cause of What is the cause of the accident? 事故的原因是什么？ I can see no reason for their behavior. 我不明白他们为何要这样做。 cause做动词时，表示：“导致”。此时可以替换为：“lead to / contribute to / result in”。 Herbs can also cause/ lead to / contribute to / result in problems. 草药也会引发问题。aggressive Many drivers are aggressive and push into other lanes of traffic or overtake other cars. aggressive 为形容词，意思是：“好攻击的，好寻衅的，好争吵的”。Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。拓展：aggressive还可以表示：“强有力的，干劲很大的”。A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed. 要做好推销员一定要有闯劲才能成功。consume If you drive after you have consumed alcoholic drinks, you are violating the law.consume 在本句中为及物动词，意为：“吃完，喝完”。He consumed all the sandwiches. 他吃完了所有的三明治。拓展： consume还可以表示：“消耗，花费（某事物），将烧尽”。 The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆汽车很费汽油。The fire consumed the entire building. 大火烧了整栋建筑物。 consume 的名词为：“consumption消耗，消耗量，consumer消费者”。 The meat was declared unfit for human consumption. 这种肉已宣布不适宜人们食用。We have measured the cars fuel consumption. 我们测量了这辆汽车的汽油消耗量。Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods. 要鼓励消费者对劣质商品投诉。dismiss Speed kills. This is a fact that is easily dismisseddismiss 在句中意为：“摒弃，放弃，对不削一顾”。He just laughed and dismissed my suggestion as unrealistic. 他只是笑笑，就以不实际为由拒绝了我的建议。拓展：dismiss 还有“解雇，开除，让某人离开，解散”的意思。Will they dismiss Woods for stealing the money? 他们会因伍兹偷了钱而解雇他吗？The teacher might dismiss the class early today because of the snow. 由于下雪，今天老师或许会提早下课。release Poisonous smoke and gas released by the increasing number of cars on our roads are now a major cause of breathing problemrelease 在句中为及物动词，意为：“释放，放出”。Adrenalin is released in moments of danger. 危险的时候，肾上腺素会释放出来。They decided to release the bird from its cage. 他们决定把鸟从笼子里放出来。拓展：release 还可以表示：“ 消息的公布，发泄, 电影或唱片的发行”。The new trade figures have just been released. 新的贸易数字刚刚公布。Physical exercise is a good way of releasing tension. 体育锻炼是释放压力的好方法。choke off Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. choke off 在这里表示 “ 阻塞（交通）”。该词组也可表示：“制止，阻止，压制” 等意思。The girl talked endlessly and her mother had to choke her off. 女孩讲个没完，她的母亲不得不加以阻止。A higher interest rate will choke off the demand for money. 高利率会减少货币需求。拓展：choke的常见词组还有: chock back 忍住；抑制，chock up 对苦恼。I stood there trembling and trying to choke back the tears. 我站在那里，浑身颤抖，强忍泪水。She and Mark broke up last week, and shes pretty choked up about it. 他和马克上周闹翻了，为此她心烦意乱。link up The Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up该词组的意思是：“ 将.结合，连接 ”。 Engineers can link up distant country sides by radio or telephone. 工程师们能用无线电或电话把遥远的乡村连接起来。The two space will link up in orbit. 两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上连接。at a discount I bought a ticket at a discount该词组意为：“折扣”。These goods will be sold at a discount. 这些货物将减价出售。Right now, jeans are at a discount. 现在牛仔裤打折销售。in the hope that They have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars. in the hope that表示：“希望”。that 引导同位语从句, 解释说明hope。该词组可以进行以下替换： He showed me a picture of the lost girl in the hope that I might recognize her.He showed me a picture of the missing girl for purposes of my recognizing her.He showed me a picture of the missing girl , hoping that I might recognize her. take notice of 表示：“注意，留心”。 Have you taken notice of its function in the system? 你注意了它在体制中的作用了吗？拓展： 与notice相关的词组有：take any notice注意, take no notice 没有注意到, come to ones notice引起某人的注意, escape ones notice没有被某人注意到。 I keep complaining but nobody takes any notice. 我不断抱怨，但没人理我。Take no notice of Henry-hes just being silly. 别理亨利，他在犯傻。It has come to my notice that your account is overdrawn by $200. 我注意到你的帐户已经透支了200 美元。It may have escaped your notice but your father is much too ill to travel. 你可能没有注意到，你父亲病得很重，已经无法旅行了。make better use of Realizing how serious the problem has become, the government has been encouraging people to walk, cycle or make better use of the underground system. make better use of表示：“更好地利用”。We must make the best possible use of the resources we have. 我们必须充分利用我们的现有资源。拓展：与 “use” 相关的常用词组还有：be of great/no use 对有用，没用, its no use doing sth. 做某事没用, be in (out of ) use 使用中/不使用。 It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. 不能爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行。In short, it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills. 总之，我认为，用英语记日记对提高写作能力十分有用的。Turn off your computer when its not in use. 关闭你的电脑只要你不用它。make up for Then I thought I could have a relaxed weekend to make up for all my hard work该词组表示：“弥补”。Can you give me some advice on how to make up for the time I have lost? 你给我说说怎样才能弥补损失的时间好吗？拓展：与make相关的常见固定搭配为：make up和解，化妆，虚构，补足，make out, 理解；明白， make sense 有道理，讲得通。Saying you are sorry wont make up the damage of breaking the vase. 光说对不起补偿不了你打破花瓶的损失。Make up some similar dialogues. 编造一些类似的对话。I cant make out the meaning. 我看不出那有何用意。It doesnt make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 这些便宜的大衣也很好, 何必非买那件贵的不可。 under repair The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair. 该词组表示：“正在修理”。 The tall building under repair is an office building. 正在修建的那座高楼是一座办公楼。I had to go to work by taxi because my car was under repair. 我的车还在维修，所以我只好乘出租车去上班。拓展： “ under + n.”