中考英语语法考点系列导4.doc

中考英语语法考点系列导练（五） 形容词 考点精析 形容词是用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、特征、状况或属性的词。在中考中，形容词考查热点主要集中在以下几点：一、形 容 词 的用 法: 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语，补语。如： She is a good student, and she works hard. 她是一个好学生,她学习努力。 This bike is expensive. 这辆自行车很贵。I am sorry, Im busy now. 对不起,我现在很忙。 Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 你为这次会议做好准备吗? 二、考查形容词的构成。 某些形容词的构成是有一定的规律可循：（1）名词+ful；（2）名词+y；（3）动词+ing；（4）动词+ed；（5）名词+ly；（6）形容词+ly；（7）名词+al；（8）名词+n/ian。三、形容词在句的位置形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。英语单词中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？ There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。 由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。 This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 这些箱子，不管大小，你都可以拿走。 四、考查形容词的特殊语序。 （1）形容词修饰something, anything, everything等复合不定代词时要后置。（2）几个形容词修饰同一个名词时，其语序为：限定语(a/an/the, my/this)+描绘性形容词+“大型（形）新式（色）国产材料”+名词中心词。其中“大”表示大小、长短、高低，年龄的形容词、“型（形）”表示形状的形容词；“新”表示新旧的形容词；“式（色）”表示颜色的形容词；“国产”表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词；“材料”表示物质材料的形容词。（3）enough在句中的位置是放在名词前，形容词、副词之后。（4）else只能作后置定语，修饰疑问代词what, who, whom, whose和不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等。五、形容词的比较级和最高级: 绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 （1）比较级和最高级的构成形式，一般词尾加-er或-est，部分双音节和多音节词前加more和most，某些单词的不规则变形要特殊记（2）几种句式。甲乙若是一个样，用asas上，甲不如乙加not；两者相比用than连接；三者或三者以上比较用最高级，并和in或of连用。（3）含有介词短语.of the two时，要用比较级，且比较级前要加the；表示“越来越”时，要用“比较级+and +比较级”形式，若比较级是“more+原级”构成的，需用“more and more+原级形式”； 表示“越，就越” 时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”形式；形容词的最高级前必须加the，但最高级前已有物主代词、名词所有格修饰时，the要省去；可以修饰原级或比较级的修饰语；比较级和最高级间的互变形式。 形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如: poor tall great glad bad 形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级) 2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级) 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级) 4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。 big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级) 6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 beautiful (原级)? difficult (原级) more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级) most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级) 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级: 原级比较级最高级 goodbetterbest many more most much more most badworseworst little less least illworseworst farfarther(further) farthest(furthest) 形容词前如加 less 和 lest 则表示较不和最不 important 重要 less important 较不重要 lest important 最不重要形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下: 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。 Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。 It is warmer today than it was yesterd今天的天气比昨天暖和。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。 This meeting is less important than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。 The sun is much bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。 形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的学生。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。 This is the biggest apple I have ever met. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。 Tom is the tallest boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。 有关形容词的几个特殊用法:most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, its most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。 The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know.你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越.Its getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. Its pity he is getting poorer and poorer.真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper.计算机越来越便宜。The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。 应试策略 一般说来，考查形容词的常见题型有选择填空、单词拼写、句型转换和汉语句子翻译等。做这类题时，必须首先了解形容词的构成及各自的用法、比较等级的演变，并根据题意选准级别及各种句式间的互变规律等。真题再现1. Dont eat the meat. It smells _. （山西）A. terrible B. badly C. delicious D. good 剖析：smell 在句中是系动词，意为“闻起来”，后接形容词作表语，先可排除选项B；由上文“不要吃那肉了”这句话可以推出下文意思为“它闻起来有些不太好了”，表示“不好的”，用terrible。答案：A2. To protect environment is _ to take care of our lives. （烟台）A. important B. as important as C. more important D. the most important剖析：题干意思是“保护环境和保护我们的生命一样重要”，表示的是双方在重要程度方面相等，所以用“as+形容词原级+as”的结构。答案：B3. It is _ cheaper and _ enjoyable to travel by train than by plane. A. much, far more B. very, very much C. more, much more （四川）剖析：此题主要是考查形容词的修饰语。very和more不能修饰形容词比较级，先可排除选项B和C；形容词enjoyable的比较级形式为more enjoyable；much和far可以修饰形容词比较级。答案：A4. So _homework really makes the students feel tired. (河北)A. much B. many C. little D. few剖析： homework 是个不可数名词，many和few只能修饰可数名词，因此这两项可以排除。根据句子的意思，C项是不符合实际的。答案：A5. Sam isnt _ than Ben. They are the same. (北京海淀) A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest剖析：本句表示的是两者间的比较，所以应该使用比较级形式。答案：B 形容词考点精练I.根据句子意思，用所给词的适当形式完成句子。1.This street is one of the _（busy）streets in the city of Shenyang.2.Which is the _（hot）month in Taiwan?3. Jack is much _（tall）than Peter. 4. Houses in some cities now are much _(expensive) than before. 5. When winter comes, the days get (short and short).II.选择填空。（ ）6. He was ill yesterday, but he felt _ today. A. well B. good C. best D. better（ ）7. Though he is _at home, he doesnt feel _, for he has many things to do. A. alone, alone B. lonely, lonely C. alone, lonely D. lonely, alone（ ）8. Every minute there is _ going on here. A. exciting something B. something exciting C. exciting anything D. anything exciting（ ）9. One day they crossed the _ bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old（ ）10. She seems a _ waitress. Yes, each of us always feels _ with her good manners and service. A. pleased, pleased B. pleasant, pleasant C. pleased, pleasant D. pleasant, pleased（ ）11. The population of China is _ than _ of any other country in the world. A. more, the more B. more, that C. larger, the one D. larger, that（ ）12. Of the two Australian students, Jenny is _ one, I think you can find her. A. taller B. the taller C. tallest D. the tallest（ ）13. This park is less _ than that one. A. beautiful B. beautifuler C. more beautiful D. most beautiful（ ）14. My _ sister who works in the bank is two years _ than I. A. younger, older B. older, elder C. elder, elder D. elder, older（ ）15. Liu Xiang is one of _ players in the world. A. good B. better C. best D. the best（ ）16. He has _ money in the team. A. littler B. the littlest C. the least D. less（ ）17. English is her daughters _ subject of all. A. favourite B. most favourite C. the most favourite D. more favourite（ ）18. Do you know which is _ river in the world? A. the two long B. the two longest C. the second long D. the second longest（ ）19. Our school is becoming _. A. more beautiful and beautiful B. more and more beautiful C. more beautiful and more beautiful D. beautiful and beautiful ）20. Is maths _ than physics? No, maths isnt so _ as physics. A. more difficult, difficult B. more difficult, easier C. difficult, more difficult D. easier, more difficult（ ）21. Here is a _ mouse. Was it killed by your cat? A. die B. died C. death D. dead（ ）22. We should keep our eyes _ while doing eye exercises. A. close B. closed C. open D. opened（ ）23. The meat smells _. Youd better throw it away. A. badly B. bad C. good D. well（ ）24. The price of this skirt is too _. A. cheap B. expensive C. dear D. high（ ）25. Its _ to teach a man fishing than to give him a fish. A. best B. more C. good D. better（ ）26. Look at the big tree. It is _ than that one. A. taller four times B. four times tall C. four times taller D. four taller（ ）27. Bird flu is one of _ diseases in the world. A. terrible B. more terrible C. terriblest D. the most terrible（ ）28. This river is about 5 feet _. A. deep B. widely C. depth D. length（ ）29.Tom is six and he is _ his