九年级全册Unit9--被动语态.doc

Unit 9 语法专项被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Many people speak English（主动语态）English is spoken by many people（被动语态）1.被动语态的构成: “助动词be过去分词”。(时态在be动词上体现)时态 主动 被动一般过去时didwaswere+done一般现在时Dodoesamisare+done一般将来时Will+dowill be +done现在进行时amisare+doingamisare+being+done过去进行时waswere+doingwaswere+being+done现在完成时havehas+donehavehas+been+done过去完成时had+donehad+been+done过去将来时Would+doWould+be+done情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be+done2主动语态改被动语态的方法1） 将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面： 将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语； 将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be过去分词”结构；将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）2） 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况： 把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位； 把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如： He gave the boy an appleThe boy was given an apple（或An apple was given to the boy）3）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如： We call him Xiao WangHe is called Xiao Wang4）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：We must take good care of the young treesThe young trees must be taken good care of5)主动句中在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等，及使役动词make,let,have等后跟省略to的不定式，变成被动语态时，应还原省略的不定式符号to。He makes the girl stay here. The girl is made to stay here.6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如： People believe that he is illIt is believed that he is ill3被动语态改为主动语态的方法：被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如： History is made by the peopleThe people make history 4不能用于被动语态的情况1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost， suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如: They have a nice car My shoes dont fit me2)某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，来表示主语的某个特性，使得动作得以顺利实施或难以顺利实施，这类动词常见的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如： His new novel sells well3）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实义动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如： The soup tastes wonderful 4）宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如：Peter hoped to meet her彼得希望遇见她。Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：She can dress herself她可以自己穿衣服。We could hardly see each other in the fog在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。5主动结构表示被动意义1）英语中有很多动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean， drive，draw， let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。如：Kates book reads like an interesting novel2）在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如： The house needs repairing（to be repaired）3） 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。4） 如：This plan is not worth considering（This plan is not worthy to be considered） 4）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义a当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult， important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如：Japanese is not difficult to learn日语并不难学。（指日语被学）b当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如： I have a lot of work to do todayc在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。如：There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）5）由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如：His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoonHis paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon他的油画作品明天下午展出。6）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如：Good medicine tastes bitter良药苦口。6.被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别： 1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较： The window is broken窗子破了。（系表结构） The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被动语态） 2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较： He was very interested in science他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构） I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态） 7.牢记相关句型 初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有： 1be covered with被覆盖 2be made of由制作（发生物理变化） be made from由制作（发生化学变化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造 3be used for被用来 be used as被当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事 4It is said that据说 It is hoped that希望 It is well known that众所周知例如： 专项练习一、下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。 1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now. 5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card _ _ _ her by me last week. 6. People use metal for making machines. Metal _ _ for making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ that for him. 8.I have given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago? 10.Well put on an English play in our school. An English play _ _ _ on in our school. 11.More and more farmers buy the TV sets. The TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers. 12.My brother often mends his watch. His watch _ _ _ by my brother. 13.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day. 14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things.1 15.Did he break the window yesterday? _ the window _ _ _ yesterday?二、 用动词的正确语态填空。 1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chair 2. That play _(put) on again sometime next month. 3. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 5. _ the magazine _(can take) out of the library? 6. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 7. The stars _ (can see) in the daytime. 8. Some flowers _(water) by Li Ming already. 9. These kinds of machines _(make) in Japan. 10. Apples _ _(grow) in this farm. 11. Planes, cars and trains _ _ (use) by business people for travel.1 12. The cinema _ _ (build) in 1985. 13. The bike _ _ _ _ (must not put) here. 14. A beautiful horse _ _ _ (draw) by John next day. 15. This kind of machine _ _(can made) by uncle Wang. 三、单项选择。1.A new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did; build 2Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits（展品）.Awill request B. request Care requesting D. are requested3Why did you come by taxi?My bike broke down last night and I _it repaired.Adidnt have Bdont have Cwont have Dhavent had4This kind of cloth _ well.Awash Bis washed Cwashes D. washing5What do you think of the speech?The speaker said almost nothing worth_.Alistening Bbeing listened to Clistening to Dbeing listening6Bob, quickly get this film _. I want to know if this camera works well.Awashed Bdeveloped Cprinted Dshown7He firmly asked _ a chance to try his luck, which at once encouraged_.Ato give ;the others four Bto be given; the other fourCbe given; four the other Dgiving; the four others8Id like a pen which _well. Will this one_?Awrites; do Bwrites; work Cis written; do Dis written; work9To my disappointment, the computer I had _ was out of order again.Arepaired Brepaired it Chad repaired it Dhad repaired10I dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell_.Awell; well Bbad; bad Cwell; badly Dbad; badly11All the preparations for the project _, and were ready to start.Acompleted Bhad been completed Ccomplete Dhave been completed12I _ to a party, but Ive got nothing to wear.Why dont you have a dress made for the party?Awas asked Bwill ask Chave asked Dhave been asked13Whats the matter?The shoes dont fit properly. They _ my feet.Aare hurt Bwill hurt Chave hurt Dare hurting14This kind of cloth _ well and _ long.Ais washed; lasts Bwashes; lasts Cwashes; is lasted Dis washed; lasted15. It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days. A. designed B. has been designed C. will be designed D. will have been designed 16. The goods _when we arrived at the airport. A. were just unloading B. were just been unloading C. had just unloaded D. were just being unloaded17. She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. A. is taken B. takes C. will be takenD. has taken 18. Diamond _in Brazil in 1971. A. is found B. has been found C. was found D. had been found 19.“Have you moved into the new flat?”“Not yet. The room_.” A. has been painted B. is painted C. paints D. is being painted 20. My pictures _until next Friday. A. wont develop B. arent developed C. dont develop D. won t be developed 21. Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago. A. had been unemployed B. was unemployedC. has been unemployed D. has unemployed 22. A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949. A. has been establish B. have been established C. have established D. had been established 23. Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here. A. would be fined B. will be fined C. will being fined D. will have been fined 24.“_two tickets for