胶南市大场镇中心中学九年级英语全册_过去完成时语法复习课件_人教新目标版

过去完成时,构成：助动词had + 动词的过去分词（V.pp), 其中 had 通用于各种人称。,一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点,概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 -|-|-|- 那时以前 那时 现在,They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.,2,二、过去完成时的判断依据,1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.,3,2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom.,4,（ 2）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能“ We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.,5,1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。,三、过去完成时的主要用法：,在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。,1.他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _ (see) you before.,had seen,2. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。,By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours.,had worked,When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）,6,2. 过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续 或将继续下去。,By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours.,When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time.,1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。,2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。,had worked,had been,3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。,By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years.,had lived,7,1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。,By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter.,2. 他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _(see) you before.,3. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。,When I came in he _(finish) his homework.,过去完成时与 by then(截止到那时); by 9 oclock(直到九点钟) by the end of (在结束/末之前); by the time(在时之前); up till then (直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。,had written,had seen,had finished,8,3. 过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去。,用法：,例如：1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。,He told me that his team _ already _ (win).,had,won,2. 她说她仍没去过长城。,She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.,hadnt been to,9,用法：,过去完成时与when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。,例如：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。,When she got home her children _(sleep).,had slept,2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。,Before they arrived here the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,Last night, as soon as I _ (finish) my work I went to sleep.,3. 我完成作业了就去睡觉了。,had finished,10,四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别,现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：,I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）,11,五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别,虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.,12,1. After he _ (finish) his work he went out.,had finished,2. The children ran away after they _ (break) the window.,had broken,3. I went to Toms house but he _ (go) out.,ha