高考英语名词性从句专题(精辟).docx

名词性从句考纲解读名词性从句的考查要点：(1) What ,that引导名词性从句的区别;(2) Whether ,if引导名词性从句的区别;(3) 同位语从句和定语从句的区别；(4) It 作形式主语、形式宾语的情况；知识清单一、 名词性从句概述在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、和同位语，因此根据它在句中充当不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二、 名词性从句比较名词性从句辨别语序连接词其他主语从句位于句首或it作形式主语，真主语为主语从句陈述（主+谓）若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语和表语，则用连接代词。Who：从句缺主语，指人Whom：从句缺宾语，指人Whose：从句缺定语，指“的”What：从句缺主语，宾语，表语，指物。Which：从句缺主语，宾语，表语，指物What和which的区别:what没范围；which有范围，后+of短语表范围。若从句中缺状语时，则用连接副词。Where: 从句缺地点状语，译作“在哪里”When：从句缺时间状语，译作“何时”How：从句缺方式状语，译作“怎么样”Why：从句缺原因状语，译作“为什么”若从句中不缺成分，则用连接词That：从句不缺成分，无词义，只起连接作用Whether：从句不缺成分，和or not搭配，适用任何一种名词性从句，译作“是否”If：从句不缺成分，只用于动词后的宾语从句，译作“是否”As if：“好像”只有连接作用。1. 时态（详见注释2）2. 否定转移（详见注释2）宾语从句动词+宾从陈述（主+谓）介词+宾从表语从句系动词（如：be,look,seem,remain等）后陈述（主+谓）Because，as if/as though也可引导表语从句同位语从句抽象名词（如：idea，belief，fact，problem,news，word等）后陈述（主+谓）同位语从句与定语从句的区别（详见注释4）请注意1、名词性从句中的that省略情况：动词后的宾语从句和表语从句中的that可以省略。2、No matter +wh-开头的词如no matter what等只能连接让步状语从句。而wh-开头的词+ever如whatever等既能连接让步状语从句，也能连接名词性从句。解题步骤和原则：分析复合句结构，找出从句，确定名词性从句中的哪一类。分析从句，结合上表中各个连接词的特点，缺什么补什么。 注释一 主语从句应注意的问题主语从句中It作形式主语常用句型：1. It + be +形容词（obvious, true, natural, possible, likely, probable, certain, wonderful, good, etc.） + that 从句2. It + be +名词词组(no wonder，a pity，an honor, a good thing, no surprise , etc.) + that 从句3. It + be + 过去分词(said, thought, reported, expected, announced, decided , etc.) + that 从句4. It +不及物动词(seem, happen, etc.) + that 从句5. It doesnt matter(make no different, etc.) + 连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句Eg: It is certain that she will do well in her exam.形式主语 主语从句Eg：It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.形式主语 主语从句高考链接1. (2012课标全国I) It is by no means clear_ the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what2.(2012天津，7) It doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park.A. whether B. how C. if D. when3.(2012江西，25) It suddenly occurred to him_ he had left his keys in the office.A. whether B. where C. which D. that注释二 宾语从句应注意的问题1. if /whether 表示“是否” 可以互换,但以下情况只能用whether，不用if. （1）在介词后面 Eg：Everything depends on whether we have enough time. （2）与or not连用 Eg：I dont know whether he will come or not. （3）宾语从句提前时 Eg：whether they can come here on time, we dont know.（4）后面跟不定式 Eg：I really dont know whether to accept or refuse.2. 宾语从句的时态（一般来说，主从句时态要统一。）（1）主现从不限（当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是任何时态。）Eg: Please tell me when he will come back.主句（一般现在时） 从句（一般将来时）Eg: Do you know when he moved here.主句（一般现在时） 从句（一般将来时）（2）主过从也过（当主句是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态。如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时等。）Eg: He didnt tell me where he came from.主句（一般过去时） 从句（一般过去时）Eg: I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.主句（一般过去时） 从句（过去将来时）（3）真金不怕炼（当从句表示的是一个客观真理时，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句只能用一般现在时。）Eg: The teacher told us that the moon travels around the earth. 客观真理（不随时间变化而变化）主句（一般过去时） 从句（一般现在时）3. 宾语从句否定转移现象当主句的主语是第一人称时，若谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等表示主观意愿的词时，如果从句需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而转移到主句中去。Eg: I think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy.（误） I dont think that English is easy. （正）注释三 表语从句应注意的问题1、that 引导表语从句时，that不可省略。eg：注释四 同位语从句应注意的问题同位语从句于定语从句的区别：1. 同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即：说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即：限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。Eg: The news that I have passed the exam is true.(同位语从句，从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的意思。即：我已经通过了考试这个事就是消息的内容。)Eg: The news that he told me just now is true.（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用。即：那个消息不是别的，就是他刚刚告诉我的。）2. 引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。Eg: The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 主语 谓语 宾语（从句句子完整，that在从句中不充当任何成分。故该句子为同位语从句。）Eg: The idea that he gave surprises many people. 主语 谓语（从句缺少宾语，that在从句中充当宾语。故该句子为定语从句）高考大练兵 1. 【2012安徽】27. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 2.【2012重庆】34. Evidence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. why B. how C. whether D. that3.【2012全国】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what4.【2012北京】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C. that D. whether5.【2012福建】35. We promise _ attends the party will get a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever6.【2012陕西】20. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever7.【2012湖南】26. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A. why B. how C. whether D. when8.【2012天津】9. It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.A. whether B. how C. if D. when 9.【2012江西】25. It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.A. whether B. where C. which D. that 10.【2012辽宁】34. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever11.【2012四川】17. Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.A. when B. how C. that D