天津高考英语专题一语法知识第6讲并列句与状语从句优选习题.docx

第6讲并列句与状语从句1. you can sleep well，you will lose the ability to focus，plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.(2018江苏，29)A.Once B.Unless C.If D.When答案B解析句意为：你如果睡不好的话，一两个晚上后就会失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。B项unless意为“如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。once一旦；if如果；when当的时候。2. we dont stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone.(2018北京，2)A.Although B.While C.If D.Until答案C解析句意为：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。此处应该用if引导条件状语从句，表示主句内容发生的条件。3.Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend they get sweet enough to be eaten.(2018天津，4)A.ever since B.as ifC.even though D.so that答案D解析句意为：我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。so that意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合语境，故选D。ever since自以后；as if好像，似乎；even though即使，尽管。4.Peter，please send us postcards well know where you have visited.No problem.(2017北京，22)A.but B.or C.for D.so答案D解析句意为：彼得，请寄给我们明信片，这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。没问题。后面表示结果，故用so。but表转折；or表选择；for是表因果关系的连词，后接原因。5.If you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people you figure it out.(2017北京，28)A.because B.thoughC.until D.since答案C解析句意为：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until直到为止，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。because因为，引导原因状语从句；though尽管，引导让步状语从句；since自以来，由于，可引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。6.I am not afraid of tomorrow， I have seen yesterday and I love today.(2016北京，35)A.so B.and C.for D.but答案C解析句意为：我并不害怕明天。因为我已经历了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故选C项。诊断报告考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1并列句4,62状语从句 1,2,3,5 解题方法1.并列句在单项填空中的审题要诀：and表顺延，for/so起因缘，while表对比，when示突然间。but/yet意转折，(either.)or供挑选，(neither.)nor全否定，not only.but also.入递进关。2.状语从句在单项填空中的审题要诀：状语从句不一般，服务功能它最全。表原因、表结果，又表让步与时间。表方式、表比较，尚表目的和条件。连词作用分辨清，灵活运用不留憾。方法1句意翻译法对于状语从句的解答来说，最重要的一点是能够正确地翻译句子的意思，这样就能够判断出该从句是状语从句中的哪一种，选择也就很容易了。典例1 they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.A.As B.While C.Until D.Once分析句意为：一旦学生们决定了要上哪所大学，他们就应该研究申请此大学的入学程序了。as当时，由于；while当时，尽管；until直到；once一旦。根据句意可知选择D项。方法2分清句子类型法对于一些试题来说，掌握和分清一些固定的句型结构是很重要的。同时也要注意该从句与其他一些从句的区别，如地点状语从句和定语从句、结果状语从句和定语从句等。典例2John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job.A.when B.after C.before D.since分析所填词引导时间状语从句，构成It wont be long before.句型，意思是：过不了多久就，故选C。考点1并列连词1.He is a shy man， he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京，25)A.so B.but C.or D.as答案B解析句意为：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。由空格前后两个分句的句意可知，前后为转折关系，所以应用but。2.Give me a chance， Ill give you a wonderful surprise.A.if B.or C.and D.while答案C解析句意为：给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。由句式结构可知，这是一个祈使句；由句意可知，前后两句为顺承关系。应用“祈使句and陈述句”，故选C。考点归纳(一)并列连词1.表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。2.表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but，yet(然而)，whereas(然而，但是)，while(然而)等。3.表示因果关系的并列连词有for，so等。4.表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or，either.or.，not.but.，neither.nor.等。(二)特殊句型1.祈使句and陈述句If .，主句。2.祈使句or/otherwise陈述句If .not .，主句。考点2时间状语从句1. the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.A.Unless B.Until C.As D.While答案C解析句意为：随着人口平均寿命的延长，越来越多的老人需要照顾。as在此处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。2.We need to get to the root of the problem we can solve it.A.while B.after C.before D.as答案C解析句意为：我们在解决问题之前需要找到其根源。根据逻辑关系可知，“找到问题的根源”在“解决问题”之前发生。before在之前，引导时间状语从句，符合题意。3.She felt totally hopeless about the future one day she learned about a charity which provided microloan to women to start business.A.until B.once C.unless D.when答案A解析句意：她对未来感到彻底绝望了，直到有一天她听说有家慈善机构提供小额贷款给自主创业的女性。until直到才，引导时间状语从句。考点归纳(一)when，while，as的用法与表示“一就”的常用表达1.when，while，as(1)when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边，一边”或“随着”。It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是半夜。拓展when的特殊用法1.when意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：I was about to go to your home to help you with your English when my uncle came.我正要去你家帮助你学英语，这时我叔叔来了。2.when还可表原因，意为“既然”。When you knew his age，you shouldnt have allowed him to do it.既然你知道他的年龄，那你不该允许他做这件事。2.表示“一就”的常用表达(1)as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生， 常译为“一就”。The moment they heard the shout for help，they rushed out.他们一听到呼救声就冲了出去。(2)no sooner .than .，hardly/scarcely.when.的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用部分倒装语序。(二)before与since1.before表示“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来得及就，在之前”。2.It will be一段时间before .多久之后才。3.It wont be long before.不久之后就。4.It was一段时间before.过了多久才。It was several days before I realized that David had lied to me.几天之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。(2018苏南四校联考)5.It is一段时间since.自从多久了。(三)其他连接词1.till，until与not .until.(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。(2)not .until.表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题用了一个多小时的时间，我才会告诉他答案。2.表示“每次；下一次”等的常用表达every time，each time，next time，the last time，any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每次；下次；上次；任何时候”等。Next time you go shopping，buy a few extra fruits and vegetables.下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。(2018南京高三模拟)考点3让步状语从句1. birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京，25)A.Once B.IfC.Although D.Because答案C解析句意为：虽然(although)鸟儿用羽毛来飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系，故用although引导状语从句。once一旦，引导时间状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句。2. online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.A.Since B.AfterC.While D.Unless答案C解析句意为：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但并非它的所有影响都是积极正面的。while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在之后；unless除非。故选C。考点归纳引导让步状语从句的连词1.although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。当as或though引导的让步状语从句放在主句之前时，常用倒装语序，此时从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a calm smiling face.尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。2.whether .or .(不管还是)；疑问词-ever(不管；无论)，如whatever，whoever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever等；no matter疑问词(不管；无论)。One can always manage to do more things，no matter how full ones schedule is in life.一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。3.as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序；though引导时则可用倒装语序也可用自然语序。4.从属连词while，when也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。考点4条件状语从句1.I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.A.though B.as ifC.once D.so that答案C解析句意为：一旦你认识了其他所有人，我相信你会在这儿有一段美好的时光。once一旦，符合句意。2.You wont find paper cutting difficult you keep practicing it.A.even though B.as long asC.as if D.ever since答案B解析句意为：只要你坚持练习，你就不会觉得剪纸难了。 even though 即使；as long as只要；as if 仿佛，好像；ever since 自以来。结合句意可知选B。考点归纳引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless(if .not除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided/providing that(如果)等。(1)She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。(2)Ones life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。考点5地点状语从句Located the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017江苏，23)A.why B.whenC.which D.where答案D解析句意为：由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设作出更大的贡献。空格处在过去分词located后面引导状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，表示“在一带一路的交汇处”，因此用where引导状语从句。located表示“坐落在；位于”。考点归纳1.地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。In my opinion，youd better make a mark where you have any questions while reading.依我看来，在读书时你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where(ver) theres plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。考点6原因状语从句I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.A.because B.beforeC.unless D.until答案A解析句意为：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它有助于我放松，让我忘记一天中的其他忧虑。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故选A项。考点归纳引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because，as，since(既然)，now that，seeing that，considering that(考虑到)，in that等。另外，when也可表示原因。并列连词for加分句也可表示原因，for引导的分句对前面的内容进行补充说明。 (1)Now that you have grown up，you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。(2)The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.这本书不同于那本书，因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。考点7目的状语从句Cathy had quit her job when her son was born she could stay home and raise her family.A.now that B.as ifC.only if D.so that答案D解析句意为：当儿子出生时凯西辞去了工作以便她能够待在家里照顾家人。now that既然；as if 好像，仿佛；only if只要；so that以便，为了。由关键信息quit her job以及stay home and raise her family可知，stay home and raise her family是前面辞职的目的，故要用so that引导目的状语从句。考点归纳引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)/lest等。1.in order that，so that意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。2.for fear that，in case (that)引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕/担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。1.We have a learning center kids do independent and self-directed learning activities.(2018河西区二模)A.which B.when C.where D.whose答案C解析分析句式可知，“ kids do independent and self-directed learning activities”是一个定语从句，该从句中kids是主语，learning activities是宾语，故缺少状语。结合先行词为a learning center，是个抽象地点，故用where。2.The teacher gave the students such a difficult maths problem nobody worked it out.(2017红桥区二模)A.as B.which C.so D.that答案D解析句意为：老师给学生们出了一道如此难的数学题以至于没有人能解出来。such.that.如此以至于，引导结果状语从句。3.There are still many problems to be solved we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(2017河西区二模)A.before B.once C.after D.until答案A解析句意为：在我们准备好长久待在月球上之前，还有许多问题需要解决。before在之前，由语境可知选A。4.In my opinion，the topic is too difficult to understand.Try to simplify your speech it goes beyond the children.(2018天津一中5月考)A.even though B.now thatC.so that D.in case答案D解析句意为：在我看来，这个主题太困难了以至于无法理解。试着简化你的演讲以防它超出孩子们(的理解范围)。in case表示“以防，万一，免得”，引导条件状语从句；even though表示“即使”，引导让步状语从句；now that意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句；so that表示“因此，所以，以便”，引导结果状语从句或者目的状语从句。5.He always keeps an eye on shortcomings of his brothers refusing to admit his own mistakes.(2018河东区二模)A.but B.whileC.although D.though答案B解析根据句意可知这两句话是对比关系，只能用while表示对比，其他选项but表示转折，although和though引导让步状语从句。6.Dont look down upon Bob.He has his own advantages.Oh，yes. others are weak，he is strong.(2017和平区一模)A.Before B.WhenC.Where D.Though答案C解析句意为：不要瞧不起鲍勃。他有自己的优势。哦，是的。在别人弱的地方，他却很强。where意为“在的地方”，引导地点状语从句。7.How long do you think the computer company brings out a new product？(2017南开区二模)A.it will be before B.will it be untilC.will it be when D.it will be that答案A解析句意为：你认为这家电脑公司还要多久才能推出新产品？It will be.before.意为“要过多久才；do you think为插入语，后面用陈述语序。8.The sky was cloudless， the sun was shining.(2017河东区二模)A.and B.but C.or D.for答案A解析句意为：天空万里无云，阳光灿烂。分析两个分句之间的关系可知，两个分句之间为顺承关系。9.John plays tennis well， his favorite sport is basketball.(2016河西区一模)A.so B.yet C.or D.for答案B解析句意为：约翰网球打得好，然而他最喜欢的运动是篮球。由句意可知，选yet表示转折。10.Nobody can go back and start a new beginning， anyone can start now and make a new ending.(2017北京东城区二模)A.for B.andC.but D.so答案C解析句意为：没有人可以回到过去重新开始，但谁都可以从现在开始，创造一个全新的结局。两个分句之间为转折关系，故选but。for(因为)表因果关系；and表并列或顺承关系；so(因此)表因果关系。专题强化练(六).单项填空1.All people， they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.(2018红桥区一模)A.even if B.whetherC.no matter D.where答案B解析根据句意并分析句子结构可知这句话使用whether.or.引导让步状语从句。even if即使；no matter无论；where无论在哪里。2. I say Clancy is a smart boy，he still needs to work hard to achieve his goal.(2017南开区二模)A.Then B.When C.As D.While答案D解析句意为：虽然我说克兰西是一个聪明的男孩，但他仍然需要努力学习，以实现他的目标。while意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；then意为“然后”，为副词；when主要引导时间状语从句；as引导让步状语从句时需要倒装，故可排除。3.When shall we go planting trees in the hill? it begins to rain，so they dont need watering.(2017河西区一模)A.Unless B.WhileC.Till D.Not until答案D解析unless如果不，除非；while虽然，当的时候，然而，趁；till直到；not until直到才。根据“so they dont need watering”可知，我们应该直到开始下雨才上山植树，这样所种的树就不需要浇水了。补充完整后的句子为：We shall not go planting trees in the hill until it begins to rain，so they dont need watering.。故选D。4.The experiment needs close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved we work well together.(2018天津部分区县二模)A.before B.unless C.if D.while答案B解析句意为：实验需要密切的合作，除非我们合作得很好，否则什么都不会实现。unless除非，如果不，在意义上相当于if.not，因此在有些场合中unless与if.not可互换使用，引导条件状语从句，符合题意。5.The rooms， small，were pleasant and tidy.(2017天津五校联考一模)A.because B.when C.though D.while答案C解析because因为，引导原因状语从句；when当的时候，引导时间状语从句；though虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句；while，引导时间状语从句时，意为“当的时候”；作并列连词时，表示对比，意为“然而”。此题设空处的词语用来引导(省略了主语they与系动词are的)让步状语从句，句意为：这些房间虽然小，但是舒适整洁。故选C。6.It is almost five years we saw each other last time.(2016南开区三模)A.since B.before C.after D.when答案A解析句意为：我们已经五年没见面了。Its一段时间since.自以来已经一段时间了。7.Did you explain it to your boss?He stormed out of the office I could get in a word.(2017红桥区一模)A.since B.when C.before D.after答案C解析分析句子的意思可知，He stormed out of the office应该发生在I could get in a word之前，所以应该使用before来引导时间状语从句。since意为“自从以来”；when意为“当的时候”，表示从句的动作和主句的动作几乎同时发生；after意为“在之后”。故选C。8.How about your job-hunting，dear brother? No luck.Now，Ive reached the stage I dont care what I do.(2018天津部分区县二模)A.where B.what C.which D.why答案A解析句意为：你的工作找得怎么样了，亲爱的兄弟？运气不好。现在，我已经到了我不在乎我做什么的阶段了。stage是抽象名词，意为“阶段”，作先行词，表示“到了的阶段”在句中作状语，所以用where来引导。9.The girl thought her boyfriend had bought her a necklace of great value in fact it was made of glass.(2017和平区二模)A.when B.while C.that D.as答案B解析in fact说明前后是转折关系，因此使用while“然而”引导。when引导时间状语从句；that引导从句，不充当成分，没有意义；as引导时间和原因状语从句。故选B。10.Some people believe that instant noodles wont disappear， their market share will shrink.(2018天津一中3月考)A.as B.becauseC.although D.regardless of答案C解析分析句意可知，本句为although引导的让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”；as也可以引导让步状语从句，但是它引导让步状语从句时必须使用倒装语序；because意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句；regardless of为介词短语，后面不能跟句子。11.Try she might，Sue couldnt get the door open.(2017河东区一模)A.if B.when C.since D.as答案D解析as在此意为“虽然，尽管”，引导从句需用倒装语序，即把句中的形容词、副词、名词或者谓语动词提到as前面。故选D。12.How foolish I was! you have realized that，stop blaming yourself.(2016河东区一模)A.Now that B.UnlessC.Although D.Even if答案A解析句意为：我多么愚蠢呀！既然你已经意识到了就别再责怪自己。now that既然；unless除非；although虽然；even if 即使。根据句意可知选A项。13. you have to do the job，you should try your best to do it well even though it may be very difficult for you.(2018河西区三模)A.While B.Since C.Unless D.Though答案B解析句意为：既然你必须做这项工作，你应该尽你所能做好它，即使它可能对你来说很困难。while意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句；意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句；意为“而，但是”，作为并列连词，连接两个并列句。since意为“自从以来”时，引导时间状语从句；意为“既然”时，引导原因状语从句；unless与if.not可互换使用，引导条件状语从句；though尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句。14.Since I have little work experience，I will have to take a series of unpaid internships I could find my ideal job.(2018天津一中4月考)A.before B.after C.as D.when答案A解析句意为：因为我几乎没有什么工作经验，所以在我找到理想工作之前，我得做一系列无报酬的实习工作。根据句意可知，应该使用before来引导一个时间状语从句，表示“在之前”。after意为“在之后”；as意为“当的时候”；when意为“当的时候”，均不符合句子的意思。15.The university agreed to accept the student he didnt have enough money to pay for the school fees.(2017天津一中4月考)A.as if B.even ifC.so that D.in case答案B解析句意为：这所大学同意接受这名学生，即使他没有足够的钱支付学费。as if 好像；even if 即使；so that 为了；in case 以防万一。句意表达的是让步，要用 even if 来连接，故选B。.阅读理解(2018和平区一模)I think the majority of people would agree that its unhealthy to live in the past.After all，were all familiar with the new age philosophy，“Yesterday is history，tomorrow is a mystery，but today is a gift.Thats why its called the present.”Living in the past holds us back from being able to enjoy the present moment.But are there any benefits of revisiting a previous time？Actually，yes.The past has several perks：Learn from our mistakes：We all know that poor choices can be some of lifes greatest teachers.Reviewing times when we made mistakes can help us make better future decisions.Moving beyond：By revisiting an unfavorable event from our past，we can often view it from a different perspective as time has passed.Being older and wiser，we are now able to reevaluate the experience and gain deeper insights and understandings of what happened and why，and how it has impacted us since.What once scarred us can now be healed through a newly-found awareness and no longer be a negative force in our lives.Motivated by earlier successes：There are times when we have all enjoyed success on a variety of levels.Other times life has been difficult.Remembering the past when we were at our best can help motivate us out of our current slump(低谷) and put us back on track for success.Use your past uplifting experience to promote you on to newer and greater things.So while its evident that revisiting the past has several perks，there is a warning.Just like an amusement park，its fine to visit but you cannot stay there forever.At some point，the park closes and all visitors are asked to leave.Enjoy the past when necessary but dont always stay there.Use it for living in the present and planning for the future.In that way，it will serve you well.16.What does the new age motto tell us?A.Learn from the past.B.History repeats itself.C.Seize the day.D.Tomorrow is a new day.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Yesterday is history，tomorrow is a mystery，but today is a gift.Thats why its called the present.”可知，要把握当下。17.What does the underlined word “perks” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Reasons. B.Advantages.C.Challenges. D.Methods.答案B解析词义猜测题。后文中“Learn from our mistakes；Moving beyond；Motivated by earlier suc