广东省广州市天河区2019高考英语二轮复习阅读理解及解析（文化教育类）07专题训练（含解析）.docx

阅读理解（文化教育类）07十八、Passenger pigeons (旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they the sky for hours.It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands, Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. By the closing decades of the 19th century ,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wi pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time , a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19teh centuries, passenger pigeons_. A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the Us25. The underlined word “ undoing” probably refers to the pigeons _.A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure. B. To save other birds.C. To make money. D. To protect crops.27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair. D. It was strict.【考点】考察历史知识类阅读【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是美国历史上鸽子曾经是最多的鸟类，但是人们不加控制的捕杀让鸽子的数量迅速减少，虽然很多地方都采取了措施，但是效果仍然不明显。24. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一段3,4行It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.可知鸽子在当时是美国数量最多的鸟类。故D正确。25. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段3,4行there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands, Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.可知很多鸽子都被捕捉并杀死卖往餐厅。所以该词应该是指鸽子遇见了毁灭性的打击。故B正确。26. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段最后一句The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.可知鸽子被捕捉并背运往大城市卖给了各个餐厅，说明人们捕捉鸽子是为了挣钱。故C正确。27. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据本段第二行but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wi pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.可知虽然制定了法律，但是十年以后还没有看见成规模的很多的鸽子，说明这部法律的发行已经晚了。故B正确。【长难句解析】1.when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.【翻译】当鸽子的数量到达顶峰的时候，有超过30亿只，这个数字是美国所有的鸟类的百分之20-40，让鸽子成为世界上数量最多的鸟。【分析】本节中获得when引导的是一个时间状语从句。同时句中的现在分词短语making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world充当的是结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。当鸽子的数量达到了30亿只，毫无疑问它是世界上数量最多的鸟。不定式做结果状语时，常常表示意料之外的结果。2. In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.【翻译】在1897年，密西根州通过了一项法律，禁止人们捕杀鸽子。但是十年以后在这个州也没有看见大规模的鸽群。【分析】本句中的现在分词短语prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons作为定语修饰名词a law；因为动词prohibite与名词a law之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词做定语。后半句中的by then中的by到时，经常与完成时连用，如果与过去的时间连用，则使用过去完成时。本题中的then是过去的试卷，所以后面使用了had been。十九、As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO and National Geographic among themhave for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China . But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record. At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field noteswhich had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project _Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to _.A. promote global languages B. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communities D. set up language research organizations.33. What does “that tradition in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.34. What is Turins book based on?A. The cultual studies B. The documents available at Yale. C. His language research in Bhutan. D. His personal experience in Nepal. 35. Which of the following best describe Turins work?A. Write, sell and donate. B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect. D. Design, experiment and report.【考点】考察文化教育类阅读【文章大意】本文告诉我们世界上有很多语言和文化即将消失，有很多学者正在努力保护这些文化，如Mark Turin。他们收集，整理这些文化有关的材料，运用现代电子技术进行保存或保护等等。32. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据第二段2,3行have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.可知很多学者正在记录这些即将消失的语言和文化。以防止这些语言和文化永远地消失。他们在挽救这些文化。故C正确。33. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.可知很多学者正在记录这些即将消失的语言和文化。以防止这些语言和文化永远地消失。而Mark Turin正在 following in that tradition（追随这样的传统）。所以这里的It就是指前面一段里的学者在记录这些即将消失的语言和文化。故A正确。34. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第三段中的grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.这本书的内容出自他在尼泊尔生活，工作以及抚养家人的经历。说明这本书是以他的个人经历为基础的。故D正确。35. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第四段Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China .他一直都在收集这些材料；根据文章第五段which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection可知他在努力这些材料。再根据文章最后一段the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities可知C项说法是正确的。【长难句解析】1.In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century【翻译】实际上，到下个世纪现有的6000-7000种被讲的语言中有一半都可能会消失。【分析】本句中含有一个过去分词短语spoken around the world today作为定语修饰前面的名词languages。相当于定语从句which are spoken around the world today。2. Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China .【翻译】对于Turin来说记录Thangmi语言和文化只是一个开始，他还努力喜马拉雅山地区的印度，尼泊尔，不丹和中国的语言和传统都包括在他的工作里。【分析】本句中Documenting the Thangmi language and culture是动名词短语在句中做主语。后面句中含有一个非限制性定语从句who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China .修饰先行词Turin。二十 、 One of the latest trend（趋势） in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And thats true all across the country. “I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didnt want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says. “Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.” The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.9.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean? A. A mother raising her children on her own B. A child learning a foreign language at home C. A professor in language education of children D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.10. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them _. A. to live in China some day B. to speak the language at home C. to catch up wit other children D. to learn about the Chinese culture11. What can we infer from the text? A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America, B. Educated woman do better in looking after children C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills. D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.【考点】考察文化教育类阅读【文章大意】本文告诉我们在美国现在有了一个新的趋势：为孩子找一个中国保姆。让孩子接触到中文，了解中国文化。说明在美国学习中文越来越流行了。1. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据1,3,4段Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000和had another reason for looking for an au pair from China.以及“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,”可知” au pair”是指来自中国的照顾孩子的年轻女性，