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外研社初二下各模块语法知识集锦外研版初二下module1知识点 句子成分及基本句型难点 知识点 五大基本句型结构及应用突破点英语的基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一: i (主谓) 基本句型二: t (主谓宾) 基本句型三: Link (主谓表) 基本句型四: tInO DO (主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五: t (主谓宾宾补)易错点 英语句子以谓语为中心,前为行为执行者,后为动作承受者,状语可居前或后,置于句首多为时间,条件,原因状语,置于谓语后为地点,原因,目的,时间和伴随成分。练习 根据汉语或英语提示在空格上填一个恰当的单词。 (1) Let him _(进来). (2) Let the student _(站) outside the classroom. (3) We made our classroom _(明亮). (4) Father have some employees _(work) all day and all night. (5) Did you have your bicycle _(repair)? (6) I have nothing _(do) this afternoon. Lets go swimming. (7) He kept us _(read) the story once and again. (8) The keeper kept the monkey _(在笼子里). (9) Jenny had her money _(偷了).(10) I found myself _(surround) by some snakes.(11) I would like to see the plan _(carry) out.(12) Who got the machine _(start)?(13) Jim asked me _(wait) him at the school gate.(14) The boy was made _(stand) outside the room.(15) Dont allow the guests _(smoke) here.Key:(1) (5) in; stand; bright; working; repaired (6) (10) to do; reading; in the cage; stolen; surrounded(11) (15) carried; started; to wait; to stand; to smoke外研版初二下module2知识点 宾语从句难点 知识点 宾语从句的结构及运用突破点1.宾语从句:1 在动词后作宾语(动宾): Do you know where he comes from? 划线部分是动词know的宾语. 2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语: He asked me when we would leave. 此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。 3在介词后作宾语(介宾):Lets talk about how we solve this problem. 4在Im sorry, Im afraid, Im sure等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句. 宾语从句需注意的时态问题:1主句若是一般现在时,从句根据不同情况用不同时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon. (soon指将来,从句用将来时) The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school. (暗指目前谁最聪明,从句用现在时) I want to know who came here late this morning. (今早已过去,从句用过去时) 2主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时。 He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well. She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong. 3无论主句是何时态,从句若表客观真理,要用一般现在时。Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.4宾语从句无论有何引导词,句子都要用陈述句语序。 Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?(不是will you) Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she)易错点 使用正确的引导词连接宾语从句,宾语从句的时态要与主句相呼应练习 选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( )9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matter( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how checkB. to checkC. how to checkD. to how checking( )13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, anotherB. what, moreC. how ,otherD. what, another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains( )18. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what( )20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be held答案 15: DDDBB 610:ACDBC 1115:CCBAD 1620:BCDAC外研版初二下module3知识点 to +V,与V+ing作宾语难点 知识点 作宾语的区别突破点v-ing 形式与to do 作宾语时的区别: 有些动词既可以跟动词的-ing形式又可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义有明显区别,归纳如下:1 remember,forget,regret(遗憾) 跟动词的-ing形式时表示动作已经发生;跟不定式表示动作尚未发生。例如:Dont forget to tell Jim about it.别忘了告诉Jim这件事。(未告诉) I forget telling Jim about it.我忘了曾经告诉Jim这件事了。(已经告诉他了)2 stop ding sth. 停止正在干的事; stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事例如:You have must stop smoking. 你必须戒烟。He stopped to get it and of course fell behind.他停下来去拿它,当然就落在后面了。go on doing sth.与 go on to do sth. 用法类似,前者指继续同一件事,后者指继续做不同的事情。3 try to do sth. 尽力做某事; try doing sth.试着做某事例如:Lets try to find some information about it, ok?让我们努力去找一些关于它的信息,好吗?“Why not try doing exercise to lose weight?” said the doctor.医生说:“为什么不试着做运动减肥?”4 mean to do sth. 打算,想要做; mean doing sth 意味着做例如:Im sorry for what I have said .But I didnt mean to hurt you.我为我所说的话道歉,但我并不是有意要伤害你。He broke his leg , which means staying in bed for several weeks.他摔断了腿,那就意味着要卧床好几周。5 cant help doing 忍不住,禁不住;cant help (to) do 不能帮忙干.例如:They couldnt help jumping when hearing the good news.听到这个好消息,他们情不自禁地跳了起来。Sorry, I cant help (to) do your homework.抱歉我不能帮你做作业。6 regret to do sth.对发生的事情表示“抱歉,遗憾” regret doing sth. 对已经发生的事情表示“后悔”.例如:I regret to tell you that you failed. 很遗憾的告诉你,你失败了。I regret telling her the news. 我很后悔告诉她这个消息。易错点 对阅读中对动作是否已经发生的判断不定式、动名词专项练习一、单项选择:1. Would you please tell me _ next?A. A. how to doB. what to doC. what do I doD. how I should do 2. The girl wasnt _ to lift that bookcase.A. A. too strongB. enough strongC. strong enoughD. so strong 3. For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A. A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to 4. As she has never been there before, Ill have someone _ her the way.A. A. show B. to showC. showingD. showed 5. You _ drive slowly. The roads are wet.A. A. had rather B. would ratherC. had betterD. would better 6. Nothing can make the brave soldier _ his country.A. A. turn againstB. to turn againstC. to turn to D. turn to 7. In the old days it was difficult for the poor _ a job.A. A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for 8. When learning a foreign language, try our best _ the spirit of it.A. A. master B. hold C. take hold of D. to master 9. It was foolish _ his car unlocked.A. for him to leaveB. of him to leaveC. for him leaveD. him to leave 10. Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting backB. put backC. to put backD. will put back 11. Napoleon spoke so loudly as to _ in front of his soldiers.A. hearB. be heard C. listen D. be listened to 12. Television and radio _ to know what is going on all over the world.A. made it possible of us B. have made us possibleC. have made it possible for usD. have made it be possible for us 13. .I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry _.A. for leaving B. to leave C. if leavingD. to have left 14. I dont see how I could possible manage _ the work without _.A. to finish; helping B. to finish; being helpedC. finishing; helping D. finishing; being helped 15. We all think it most foolish _ this mistake.A. for you making B. of you to makeC. you to makeD. for you to make 16. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still _.A. a good place which to be lived inB. a good place to liveC. a good place to live in D. a good place to live for 17. You were lost on your way to the lake, werent you? Yes, we were and had to stop _ the way.A. askingB. to ask C. asked&n 166 bsp; D. to be asked 18. She felt it a great shame _ so severely in the presence of her boy friend.A. to criticize B. to have criticizedC. to be criticized D. to have been criticized 19. The advertisements are trying _ people to buy things they dont really need.A. persuade B. persuading C. be persuadingD. to persuade 20. If you were much younger, I would arrange _ as the general manager, for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.A. for you to workB. of you to workC. for you work D. you work 答案:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.A外研版初二下module4-5知识点 if从句难点 知识点 if从句的构成,位置,及时态搭配突破点if引导的条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生,条件是可能存在的,主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如: If you ask him,he will help you如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam,you will let him down如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。 If you have finished the homework, you can go home如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。 另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如: If I were you,I would invite him to the party如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic要不是交通堵塞,我本会来得早一些。另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配1if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时 If he runs hell get there in time. 如果他用跑的,他就会及时赶到那儿。The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴,它就会抓你。2if从句用一般现在时,主句用may/might/canIf the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾在大一些,飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了,我们就可以出去。3if从句用一般现在时,主句用must/shouldIf you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥,你必须少吃面包。4if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般现在时If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热,它就会化成水。5if从句用现在进行时,主句用一般将来时If you are looking for Peter youll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得,上楼就会找到他。6if从句用现在完成时,主句用一般将来时If you have finished dinner Ill ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了,我就叫服务生来算账易错点 判断句子的语气选择(15分)1.If you _ to the party, youll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going2. It will be a long time _ Peter _ his work. A. since, has finished B. after, finishes C. when, will finish D. before, finishes.3. What will father _ us from Japan? A. take B. bring C. carry D. make 4. Weifang is famous _ kites. A. for B. to C. on D. with5 I _ her the answer if she _me. A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks6. What are you going to do tomorrow?-Well go to the library tomorrow if it _. A. isnt rain B. rain C. wont rain D. doesnt rain7.Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?-Sorry, I dont know. When he _ back, Ill tell you. A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 8. What will you do if you _ to the old folks home visit?A. go B. went C.going D. will go9. If I eat _ food, Ill be very fat.A. too many B. many too C. too much D. much too10. Ill give the book to him if he _ here next Sunday.A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came11. There _an English film in our school tomorrow.A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. has12. Could you tell us where _?A. will the next Olympic Games held B. the next Olympic Games will be heldC. would the next Olympic Games be held D. the next Olympic Games would be held13. When my mother returned last night, I _ a book. A. read B. am reading C. was reading D. am going to read14.What _ you _ when it began to rain?A. do, do B. were, doing C. are, doing D. did, do15. Ill wake you up when he _back.A. will B. is going to come C. comes D. come1-5 CDBAD 6-10 DAACB 11-15 CBCBC外研版初二下module6-10知识点 状语从句难点 知识点 状语从句的结构,分类及常用引导词突破点1 时间状语从句常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2 地点状语从句常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如:句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里哪里就”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如:Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放。句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如:Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。3 原因状语从句常用引导词:because, since, as, for特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.4 目的状语从句常用引导词:so that, in order that特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5 结果状语从句常用引导词:so that, such that,特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6 条件状语从句常用引导词:if, unless,特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition thatWell start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7 让步状语从句常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8 比较状语从句常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词:the more the more ; just as , so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food to men is what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。9 方式状语从句常用引导词:as, as if, how特殊引导词:the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.易错点 判断九大状从的类别选择填空:1. Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. alt

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